scholarly journals Sizing, Optimization, and Financial Analysis of a Green Hydrogen Refueling Station in Remote Regions

Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 547
Author(s):  
Kosmas A. Kavadias ◽  
Vasileios Kosmas ◽  
Stefanos Tzelepis
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Carrier ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Optimum Configuration ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles ◽  
Wind Park

Hydrogen (H2) can be a promising energy carrier for decarbonizing the economy and especially the transport sector, which is considered as one of the sectors with high carbon emissions due to the extensive use of fossil fuels. H2 is a nontoxic energy carrier that could replace fossil fuels. Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs) can decrease air pollution and reduce greenhouse gases when H2 is produced from Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and at the same time being accessible through a widespread network of Hydrogen Refueling Stations (HRSs). In this study, both the sizing of the equipment and financial analysis were performed for an HRS supplied with H2 from the excess electrical energy of a 10 MW wind park. The aim was to determine the optimum configuration of an HRS under the investigation of six different scenarios with various numbers of FCEVs and monthly demands, as well as ascertaining the economic viability of each examined scenario. The effect of the number of vehicles that the installation can refuel to balance the initial cost of the investment and the fuel cost in remote regions was investigated. The results showed that a wind-powered HRS could be a viable solution when sized appropriately and H2 can be used as a storage mean for the rejected wind energy. It was concluded that scenarios with low FCEVs penetration have low economic performance since the payback period presented significantly high values.

Conversion of Electrical Power from Renewable Energy Sources

2010 ◽  
pp. 231-247
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Direct Generation ◽  
Oil Gas

Towards the end of the previous century, the humanity understood very clearly two facts – first, the World supplies of fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas, uranium) are limited, and, second, industrial development and classical generation of electrical energy seriously endanger the environment. Renewable energy sources (sun energy, wind energy, bio fuels, etc.) are based on the use of natural fluxes of energy (Masters,2004). That is why they are considered to be inexhaustible. In specific cases of implementations, for example in lighting, a direct generation of electrical energy using photovoltaics is outlined as a long-term one.

scholarly journals Mitigation of the alternative energy for the wind farm center considering temperature and wind speed

2018 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 04013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rima Septiani Prastika ◽  
A.N. Afandi ◽  
Dwi Prihanto
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Natural Source ◽  
Final Conclusion ◽  
Sustainable Procurement

Recently, electric usages are increasing every year by year in many sectors. In facts, fossil fuels have been fueled to produce electrical energy availability at many power plants which are very limited for the sustainable procurement. Developing and implementing renewable energy sources should be urgently promoted to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels that have been fueled to generate electricity for the long period throughout various power plant combinations. In expectation, the natural source of electrical energy which environmentally friendly and easy to obtain in nature is recommended to explore for the existing energy producers. The natural source of energy can be operated as an alternative power plant to reduce environmental effects and to decrease air contaminants. These works cover those opportunities. In these studies, the method used is a quantitative category with collected primary and secondary data for all evaluations and mitigations. In general, these works are also designed for identifying problems and looking for literature, data collection, processing stage, analysis phase, and final conclusion. The data used is defined in terms of temperature, air pressure, and wind speed. The collected data are supposed to the Purwoharjo City of Banyuwangi Regency, with 10 meters above ground level. Naturally, the wind speed is about 3.5 m/s to 4 m/s and the average temperature is 300° Kelvin. The potentially generated wind energy at a single point of coordinates is around 85.17 Wh.

Technical Economic Analysis of a Low Power Hybrid Wind-Solar System Grid Connected

2014 ◽  
Vol 704 ◽  
pp. 204-208
Author(s):  
Jorge Serván Sócola ◽  
Daniel Marcelo Aldana
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Electrical Grid ◽  
Sizing System ◽  
Residential House ◽  
The Government ◽  
Main Components

The main aim of this work is to develop a methodology that allows performing an economic technical analysis of an energy generation system in base to renewable sources, with the capacity to feed to an average residential house connected to the electrical grid. As a first step should be to determine the energy demand for a residential user of the study area. Later, it performs an analysis in steady state of the energetic resources, in order to evaluate the energetic potential and right-sizing system available for energy demand estimated. Once dimensioned, the system proceeds to select the main components that conform it, makes the calculations for the dimensioning of the electrical system, and selects the type of structures of support as well as the location with a better provision inside the location area. Following each step of this methodology, it has been selected like a better alternative: a wind turbine of 2 kW and four photovoltaic panels of 240 Wp like main energetic sources of the hybrid, which will produce a total of 4055.24 kWh yearly, covering the annual demand with an surplus energy of 609.64 kWh a year and to a cost of 0.361 $/kWh, which is higher than the average cost of the electrical energy inside the residential areas. What concludes by the economic-financial analysis, the need of a co-financing and a policy of incentives from the government that benefits to the small auto-producers to use renewable energy sources.

Power usage in the transport sector – potential, costs and greenhouse gas abatement of different well-to-wheel pathways

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Millinger ◽  
Philip Tafarte ◽  
Matthias Jordan ◽  
Alena Hahn ◽  
Kathleen Meisel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Abatement ◽  
Surplus Power

<p>The increase of variable renewable energy sources (VRE), i.e. wind and solar power, may lead to a certain mismatch between power demand and supply. At the same time, in order to decarbonise the heat and transport sectors, power-based solutions are often seen as promising option, through so-called sector coupling. At times when VRE power supply exceeds demand, the surplus power could be used for producing liquid and gaseous electrofuels. The power is used for electrolysis, producing hydrogen, which can in turn be used either directly or combined with a carbon source to produce hydrocarbon fuels.</p><p>Here, we analyse the potential development of surplus power for the case of Germany, at an ambitious VRE expansion until 2050 and perform a cost analysis of electrofuels at different production levels using sorted residual load curves. These are then compared to biofuels and electric vehicles with the aid of an optimisation model, considering both cost- and greenhouse gas (GHG)-optimal options for the main transport sectors in Germany.</p><p>We find that, although hydrocarbon electrofuels are more expensive than their main renewable competitors, i.e. biofuels, they are most likely indispensable in addition for reaching climate targets in transport. However, the electrofuel potential is constrained by the availability of both surplus power and carbon. In fact, the surplus power potential is projected to remain limited even at currently ambitious VRE targets for Germany and carbon availability is lower in an increasingly renewable energy system unless direct air capture is deployed. In addition, as the power mix is likely to contain fossil fuels for decades to come, electrofuels based on power directly from the mix with associated conversion losses would cause higher GHG-emissions than the fossil transport fuel reference until a very high share of renewables in the power source is achieved. In contrast, electric vehicles are a more climate competitive option under the projected power mix with remaining fossil fuel fractions, due to a superior fuel economy and thereby lower costs and emissions.</p><p>As part of the assessment, we quantify the greenhouse gas abatement costs for different well-to-wheel pathways and provide an analysis and recommendations for a transition to sustainable transport.</p>

scholarly journals The Application of Piezoelectric Sensor as Energy Harvester from Small-scale Hydropower

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 05024
Author(s):  
Hidayatul Aini Zakaria ◽  
Chan Men Loon
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Water Waves ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Piezoelectric Sensor ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Ocean Waves ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Flowing Water

Renewable energy technology nowadays is advancing in research and application as an alternative for non-renewable energy sources including fossil fuels and coals since it is considerably less hazardous for the environment. In recent years, many studies to harvest energy from water energy including ocean waves and hydropower has been conducted. The inherent characteristic of the piezoelectric sensor which can convert mechanical energy to electrical energy has created an alternative to generate energy from renewable sources. The main aim of this research is to harvest energy from water movements which include self-generated water waves, automated water waves, flowing water and falling water. The piezoelectric sensor used in this research is a pressure-based piezoelectric sensor which means when there is a pressure exerted on the surface, it will generate electricity. A prototype was designed and simulated by Proteus software and the prototype was fabricated for energy harvesting from water movements. In this study, four methods had been used to harvest energy from small scale hydropower where two methods are from water waves generated from a hairdryer and ultrasonic cleaner and another two methods from falling water and flowing water. The results obtained shows that harvested energy from falling water gives the best results in which it has accumulated up to 13V in the same amount of time as compared to water waves and water flow.

Palm Oil EFB: Green Energy Source in Malaysia

2014 ◽  
Vol 619 ◽  
pp. 376-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Hasanuzzaman ◽  
Md. Farhad Hossain ◽  
N.A. Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Chemical Conversion ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Cellulosic Biomass ◽  
Environment Pollution ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Energy Demands

Empty fruit bunches (EFB) is a good lingo-cellulosic biomass to produce bio-ethanol, to generate electricity by using chemical or thermo-chemical conversion processes respectively. It is one of the potential renewable energy sources to reduce the dependency on fossil fuels and environment pollution. It is found that about 6% of diesel fuel can be saved by using palm oil EFB based converted bio-ethanol. By using thermo-chemical conversion of palm oil EFB, about 5% electrical energy demands can be fulfilled.

scholarly journals An Optimization Strategy for Sustainable Development of Renewable Energy System

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2S2) ◽  
pp. 629-636
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Optimization Strategy ◽  
Renewable Energy System

The main objective of this paper is to present the detailed information about various renewable energy sources for creating a technique used for sustainable development. Such kind of technique comprises of energy saving, increasing energy production and replacing fossil fuels using different renewable energy sources. It is motivated to include various novel techniques with large-scale renewable energy plants for integrating and measuring the efficiency of the plants. According to India, this paper discussed about the various problems and issues associated with converting available energy systems into complete renewable energy system. From the overall discussion, it is concluded that converting total energy system into renewable energy system is possible. Also, what are all the requirements, current available resources and future methods to improve the energy system are discussed. But converting the transport sector into flexible energy system methods is difficult.

scholarly journals Techno-economic analysis of the wind park Bogdanci in the Republic of Macedonia

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (Suppl. 5) ◽  
pp. 1449-1458
Author(s):  
Vladimir Mijakovski ◽  
Monika Lutovska ◽  
Zoran Trajkovski
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
The Future ◽  
Wind Park ◽  
The Republic

Wind energy as a renewable energy source with the highest growth rate in the last two decades, is considered as a very important source of electricity for the future. The forecasts for development of wind energy are highly optimistic and state that this type of energy will be really important in the future. Following recent data and analysis from certain studies, the share of wind energy in the global world electricity generation in 2020 is estimated to reach 12%. In the same context, and in order to reduce high dependence on fossil fuels, Macedonian government took some steps to introduce and enforce utilization of renewable energy sources. First wind park with capacity of 36.8 MW, installed and operated by the state-owned electricity producing company (JSC Macedonian Power Plants - ELEM), started with operation in April 2014, on a location near Bogdanci. The techno-economic analysis regarding its performance in terms of investment costs, operation and maintenance costs, electricity production and return on investment period, considering valid feed-in tariffs for wind energy production in the country is also presented in the article.

scholarly journals Hydrogen for transport

Paliva ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Kateřina Vondráková ◽  
Tomáš Hlinčík
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Total Efficiency ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Overall Efficiency ◽  
Petroleum Fuels

In recent years, efforts to use environmentally friendly resources and minimizing environmental impacts throughout the life cycle of products. The important point is that greening and reducing emissions from energy industry and transport. If we focus on emissions from transport, these are mainly CO2, NOx and particulate emissions. These emissions arise mainly from the use of fossil fuels. In the transport sector, local CO2, NOx and particulate emissions can be reduced by introducing hydrogen mobility that does not produce these emissions and can be based on renewable energy sources. The contribution shows that the overall efficiency of the conversion of chemical energy into mechanical energy of the vehicle wheel movement, the socalled Well to Wheel (WtW) is the highest in the case of petroleum fuels (84%). The lowest efficiency WtW is in the case of hydrogen produced from water electrolysis. When assessing the overall efficiency WtW (fuel and utilization) is the highest value (18–21 %) in the case of a combination of fossil fuel and the combustion engine. The lowest value of the total efficiency is for the combination of hydrogen produced by electrolysis of water and the combustion engine (3–5 %).

scholarly journals The Role of Bioeconomy in the Future Energy Scenario: A State-of-the-Art Review

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 560
Author(s):  
Martina Perišić ◽  
Ernest Barceló ◽  
Katarina Dimic-Misic ◽  
Monireh Imani ◽  
Vesna Spasojević Brkić
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Energy Scenario ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The One

The bioeconomy aims at decreasing reliance on fossil fuels, preventing or reducing climate change, eliminating insecurity, and efficiently using resources; however, fierce controversy exists on conceivable pathways to accomplish these objectives. The transport sector alone, which encompasses all other industrial sectors, has grown with regard to its energy demand by 50% over the past 30 years. The aim of this paper is to promote a dialogue as to whether an economy based on biomass can be more sustainable than today’s existing economies, considering that the economy needs to expand and be boosted, while creating a cascading and recycling system. This semi-systematic review paper discusses four research questions based on findings from the last 20 years: (i) What are the crucial issues in the ongoing debate on the development of a sustainable bioeconomy concept? (ii) Where are the major conflicting points and focuses? (iii) How does the bioeconomy follow current urbanization and land-abandonment trends? (iv) How will the crisis linked to the COVID-19 pandemic change these previous scenarios? As it is not easy to currently predict which pathway will be the most effective, whether it be the one taken as of now or a specific novel pathway, this article recommends following a strategy that is diverse regarding its approaches to shaping the bioeconomy and further funding of renewable energy sources, along with the involvement of urban planning. In addition, conclusions are validated through a questionnaire completed by 51 experts in the field.

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