scholarly journals Stefan Uroš II Milutin Nemanjić (1282–1321)

Encyclopedia ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-139
Author(s):  
Čedomila Marinković
Keyword(s):  
Political Power ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Holy Land ◽  
Southeastern Europe ◽  
Mining Site ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Silver Mining ◽  
Balkan Region ◽  
The Republic

King Stefan Uroš II Milutin Nemanjić (1282—Donje Nerodimlje, October 29, 1321) was a Serbian medieval king, the seventh ruler of the Serbian Nemanide dynasty, the son of King Stefan Uroš I (r. 1243–1276) and Queen Helen Nemanjić (see), the brother of the King Stefan Dragutin (r. 1276–1282) and the father of King Stefan Dečanski (r. 1322–1331). Together with his great grandfather Stefan Nemanja, the founder of the Nemanide dynasty, and his grandson, Emperor Stefan Uroš IV Dušan, King Milutin is considered the most powerful ruler of the Nemanide dynasty. The long and successful military breach of King Milutin, down the Vardar River Valley and deep into the Byzantine territories, represents the beginning of Serbian expansion into southeastern Europe, making it the dominant political power in the Balkan region in the 14th century. During that period, Serbian economic power grew rapidly, mostly because of the development of trading and mining. King Milutin founded Novo Brdo, an internationally important silver mining site. He started minting his own money, producing imitations of Venetian coins (grosso), which gradually diminished in value. This led to the ban of these coins by the Republic of Venice and provided King Milutin a place in Dante’s Divina Commedia. King Milutin had a specific philoktesia fervor: He built or renovated over three dozen Serbian Orthodox churches and monasteries not only in Serbia but also in Thessaloniki, Mt. Athos, Constantinople and The Holy Land. Over fifteen of his portraits can be found in the monumental painting ensembles of Serbian medieval monasteries as well as on two icons.

Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian: Inherent Translanguaging in the Linguistic Landscape of Sarajevo

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Tankosić ◽  
Jason Litzenberg
Keyword(s):  
Identity Politics ◽  
Common Core ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Primary Language ◽  
Linguistic Landscape ◽  
Southeastern Europe ◽  
Linguistic Identity ◽  
Language Varieties ◽  
Balkan Region ◽  
Town Center

Abstract Language in the Balkan region of Southeastern Europe has a complex and turbulent history, acutely embodied in the tripartite and trilingual state of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) in which Bosniaks, Croats, and Serbs all make claim to their own mutually-intelligible varieties of local “languages”. This study utilizes a linguistic landscape methodology to consider language use in Sarajevo, the capital of BiH, approximately 20 years after a brutal war that led to the establishment of the country. Data originate from three municipalities within the Sarajevo Canton – namely, Old Town, Center, and Ilidža – because of their representation of the region’s diversity and history. Signs were classified according to the three primary language varieties, i.e., Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian; BCS, representing a common core among the three varieties, as well as English, other languages, and mixed languages. The application of BCS uniquely positions the present research in comparison to other studies of language use in the region and allows for a more nuanced, less politically and ethnolinguistically fraught analysis of the communicative tendencies of users. More specifically, data indicate that actors in the linguistic landscape transcend the boundaries of their national, ethnic, and religious identities by tending towards the more neutral BCS, suggesting an orientation towards more translingual dispositions than previous variety-bound approaches have indicated. Thus, instead of the divisiveness of linguistic identity politics, the linguistic landscape of Sarajevo indicates a tendency toward inclusion and linguistic egalitarianism.

scholarly journals Changes and contemporary trends in the annual amounts of precipitation in Serbia

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Hristo Popov ◽  
Jelena Svetozarevich
Keyword(s):  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Data ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
The Republic ◽  
River Valleys ◽  
Annual Amount ◽  
The Sava River

The Republic of Serbia is а continental country located in the western part of the Balkan Peninsula, in Southeast Europe. In terms of physical characteristics, Serbia is divided into two parts: Pannonian part and mountainous part. The northern part of the country is located in the valley of the Middle Danube, the Sava River valley and the Tisza River valley. In the middle part of the country, the river valleys of the Drina, the Kolubara and the Morava are located. For the purposes of this research, the authors have used the annual precipitation data from 15 meteorological stations distributed throughout the Republic of Serbia. The data from these meteorological stations for the period between 1991 and 2019 has been provided by The Serbian Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology. This data has been used to calculate the annual amount of precipitation, and the trends in annual precipitation.

scholarly journals THE INTERPRETATION OF THE FIRST VERSE [KETUHANAN YANG MAHA ESA] OF PANCASILA

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Saiful Hakam
Keyword(s):  
Political Power ◽  
The Political ◽  
Divine Omnipotence ◽  
Early Beginning ◽  
Religious Teaching ◽  
Strong Position ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Original Interpretation

Historically, In Indonesia, there are two interpretation of the first verse of Pancasila. The first is [Pengakuan adanya Tuhan] Recognition of the Divine Omnipotence. This translation is used to use by secular group including communist and non-Muslim group especially Buddhist and Hindus. This interpretation was dominant in 1945-1965 when Sukarno as the creator of Pancasila still dominated the political power. Or, this verse was dominant when the secular-nationalist group still had strong position in Indonesia. The fact of it is during the time there was no a policy about official religions from state and the requirement of religious teaching in schools and universities. And, it must be noted that Sukarno as the creator of Pancasila in Guided Democracy era, strongly interpreted Pancasila in his speech and address as the Nasakom that is National, Religion, and Communist. Sukarno as the creator of Pancasila strongly insisted that he was truly nationalist and in his heart he was a truly Muslim. So, it can be said the Recognition of the Divine Omnipotence is the original interpretation of the first verse of Pancasila. My argumentation is originally in the early beginning of the Republic the meaning of religion was religion as a faith not as an institution

Coins of the Lower Danube Region in a Hoard of the Late 14th Century — a Source for the Initial History of Moldovan Statehood (Preliminary Report)

2021 ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
Pavel Petrov ◽  
◽  
Nicolai Russev ◽  
Vladimir Isaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
The South ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Scientific Discussion ◽  
History Of ◽  
Preliminary Communication ◽  
Danube Region ◽  
The Republic

The scientific literature has been enriched with new very interesting information about the hoards of the late 14th century found in the Republic of Moldova. The purpose of this preliminary communication is to offer for scientific discussion several types of Juchid coins found in a large treasure hoard in the south of Moldova. One type of coins is dirhams of Kilia 770/1368—1369, the second type is dirhams without indication of a mint and anonymous, with the year 1371. The article contains photos of coins, their catalog description, as well as classification. In addition, the authors offer a brief historical reference and a retrospective of the finds of treasures from the end of the 14th century on the territory of Moldova and in neighboring lands.

Opportunity (Let’s Make Lots of Money)

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-96
Author(s):  
Melissa Vosen Callens
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Family Dynamics ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Conspicuous Consumption ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Careful Attention ◽  
Income Gap ◽  
The Family ◽  
Economic Landscape ◽  
The Relationship

Chapter three describes how the economic landscape of the 1980s heavily influenced the family dynamics discussed in chapter two, with careful attention to the widening income gap and the paradoxical rise of conspicuous consumption. The chapter demonstrates how access to the American Dream—or lack thereof—is represented in 1980s popular culture and Stranger Things, reflecting and generating increased cynicism of Gen Xers. While many films of the 1980s fail to explore the relationship between economic power and social and political power, Stranger Things does so, but does so implicitly.

Why the Normative and Positive Roles of Governments Differ

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-82
Author(s):  
Vito Tanzi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Industrial Workers ◽  
Special Groups ◽  
Good For ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Growth Economic

Policies can aim at results that are good for the whole population or policies can be directed at special groups. General policies may help overall but hurt some subsectors, for example free trade that is now under attack because it has hurt some sectors even though it has promoted a higher growth. Economic theory has increasingly moved from policies that help overall to policies that help or hurt particular groups (the elite, the rich, industrial workers). Policies are frequently promoted by the groups that have the greatest political power, often accompaniedby economic power. Policies have become progressively more complex and less easy to understand for average citizens. Smaller groups, especially those with greater economic power find it easier to organize and to push their agenda and policy responds to such pressure. Various kinds of what could be called “termites” have entered the policymaking process. They include the length and the complexity of many laws, making them less transparent to normal citizens and easier to manipulate.

Diagnosing Europe: Greece, Macedonia, and the Meaning of Crisis

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel T. Shelton
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Southeastern Europe ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Diagnostic Practice ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Diagnostic Discourse ◽  
Cultural Features

Accounts of crisis in Europe have proliferated since late 2009. This article investigates the relationship between the diagnosis of crisis and the cohesion and enlargement of the ‘European project’ in the context of Southeastern Europe. The article adopts Michel Foucault's understanding of diagnosis as a strategic activity of language in order to re-construct the diagnostic discourse in relation to ongoing events in Greece and the Republic of Macedonia. Diagnostic practice produces accounts of crisis that are clinical, moralising, and prescriptive, affixing meanings to complex and overdetermined events in order that they can be acted upon. Diagnoses of the crises in Greece and Macedonia converge in their identification of political and cultural features of the national political economy in need of expert correction. The diagnosis of crisis emerges as an essential feature of European Union governmentality, which functions to delimit the bounds of political contestation in times of uncertainty and upheaval in favor of technocratic interventions.

Representation of Mongols in the Fleur des histoires de la terre d’Orient Illuminated for the Cabrera-Cruïlles Family

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-232
Author(s):  
Brunilde Brigante
Keyword(s):  
Holy Land ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Illuminated Manuscript ◽  
The Many

AbstractAmong the many exotic populations represented in the richly illuminated manuscript of the Fleur des histoires de la terre d’Orient (BnF, n.a.f. 886) the Mongols have clearly been highlighted by the artist who carried out the illustrative cycle. This matches the views expressed in the text by its author, Hayton of Korykos, who stressed the strategic importance of an alliance between Mongols and Christians against the Mameluks of Egypt, who were holding the possession of the Holy Land. In this manuscript, illuminated in Catalonia for a member of the Cabrera-Cruilles families, exoticism is conveyed through the representation of arms and dresses. It is interesting to notice that the Mongols are the only population who is represented with unmistakable distinctive features: the conical hat, and the arch and arrows. In addition to indications based on the miniatures’ style, the iconographic analysis of the armours allows to suggest that the manuscript was produced during the first half of 14th century.

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