scholarly journals The Nutrient Status of Plant Roots Reveals Competition Intensities in Rubber Agroforestry Systems

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1163
Author(s):  
Junen Wu ◽  
Huanhuan Zeng ◽  
Fan Zhao ◽  
Chunfeng Chen ◽  
Xiaojin Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Plant Competition ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Nutrient Competition ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Competition Intensity

Controversial competition theories may confuse the current understanding of belowground plant competition and thus result in incorrect diagnoses and mitigation strategies for nutrient competition. As such, the management of nutrient competition is a major challenge in the application and development of rubber agroforestry systems (AFSs). To explore the effects of plant competition on the nutrient status of rubber AFSs, this study measured the carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus concentrations of the litter and soil and in plant leaves, stems, and roots from five rubber plantations (i.e., rubber monocultures and rubber mixed with cocoa, coffee, tea, and Flemingia macrophylla (Willd.) Merr., 1910)). The relative competition intensity indexes were calculated to evaluate the competition intensity of each mixed-species system, and Bayesian networks were established to investigate the linkage effects of interspecific competition for nutrients. This study demonstrated that rubber trees had weak competition with cocoa trees, moderate competition with F. macrophylla and tea trees, and intense competition with coffee trees. With the increase in competition intensity, the negative effects of interspecific competition on soil gradually offset the improvement in soil nutrients achieved with intercropping. Nitrogen and phosphorous translocation from the stems to the roots was enhanced by competition. However, enhanced nutrient allocation to roots may have led to insufficient nitrogen and phosphorous supplies in plant leaves. The quality of the litter therefore decreased because the nutrient status of fallen leaves determines the initial litter conditions. Such consequences may reduce the release of nutrients from the litter to the soil and thus increase soil nutrient depletion. This study revealed that competition effects were most obvious for the root nutrient status, followed by the stem and leaf nutrient statuses. Moreover, this study further demonstrated that the nutrient concentration of plant roots can better indicate the intensity of nutrient competition than the nutrient concentration of other plant organs.

scholarly journals Monitoring of Nutrient Status at Ratargul Swamp Forest in Sylhet, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-49
Author(s):  
Sabiha Akter ◽  
Md. Sirajul Islam ◽  
Shamim Al Mamun
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Swamp Forest ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Photosynthetic Activities

Nutrient concentration is an important parameter to recognize critical processes of an ecosystem and environmental quality. This paper is based on a study carried out to evaluate the nutrient status in sediments, water and plant leaves from Ratargul swamp forest of Bangladesh during the period from September 2016 to August 2017. The samples were collected from twelve sampling stations of four different canals during dry (September 2016 to April 2017) and wet (May to August, 2017) seasons, respectively. The nutrient contents such as total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (AP) and total organic carbon (TOC) were analysed in the laboratory of the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh, Bangladesh. The TN, AP and TOC in sediments were ranged from 2.22 to 5.23, 0.032 to 0.035 and 2.6 to 4.52%, respectively, whereas TN and AP in water were found 5.34 to 22.54% and 0.002 to 0.366%, respectively. Result showed that the TOC in plant leaves was higher in wet season than in dry season, where the TN and AP were higher in dry season than in wet season due to high temperature which increases the rate of photosynthetic activities in the dry season. In both Korochand Hijal plants, the TOC and AP were higher in green leaves than brown leaves, while TN was higher in brown leaves than green ones. Moreover, a statistically significant positive correlation was found among the samples. The study concluded that the nutrient status in sediments, water and leaves were perfectly natural during both the dry and wet season.

scholarly journals Optimal Nutrient Concentration Ranges of ‘Hass’ Avocado Cauliflower Stage Inflorescences—Potential Diagnostic Tool to Optimize Tree Nutrient Status and Increase Yield

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1707-1715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Campisi-Pinto ◽  
Yusheng Zheng ◽  
Philippe E. Rolshausen ◽  
David E. Crowley ◽  
Ben Faber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Nutrient Analysis ◽  
Tree Phenology ◽  
Hass Avocado

Optimizing ‘Hass’ avocado (Persea americana Mill.) tree nutrient status is essential for maximizing productivity. Leaf nutrient analysis is used to guide avocado fertilization to maintain tree nutrition. The goal of this research was to identify a ‘Hass’ avocado tissue with nutrient concentrations predictive of yields greater than 40 kg of fruit per tree. This threshold was specified to assist the California avocado industry to increase yields to ≈11,200 kg·ha−1. Nutrient concentrations of cauliflower stage inflorescences (CSI) collected in March proved better predictors of yield than inflorescences collected at full bloom (FBI) in April, fruit pedicels (FP) collected at five different stages of avocado tree phenology from the end of fruit set in June through April the following spring when mature fruit enter a second period of exponential growth, or 6-month-old spring flush leaves (LF) from nonbearing vegetative shoots collected in September (California avocado industry standard). For CSI tissue, concentrations of seven nutrients, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) were predictive of trees producing greater than 40 kg of fruit annually. Conditional quantile sampling and frequency analysis were used to identify optimum nutrient concentration ranges (ONCR) for each nutrient. Optimum ratios between nutrient concentrations and yields greater than 40 kg per tree were also derived. The high nutrient concentrations characterizing CSI tissue suggest current fertilization practices (timing or amounts) might be causing nutrient imbalances at this stage of avocado tree phenology that are limiting productivity, a possibility that warrants further investigation. Because CSI samples can be collected 4–6 weeks before full bloom, nutritional problems can be addressed before they affect flower retention and fruit set to increase current crop yield, fruit size, and quality. Thus, CSI nutrient analysis warrants further research as a potential supplemental or alternative tool for diagnosing ‘Hass’ avocado tree nutrient status and increasing yield.

scholarly journals Relationship between soil nurient concentration and plant nutrient status

1974 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-276
Author(s):  
Viljo Puustjärvi
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Foliar Diagnosis ◽  
Logarithmic Equation ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Relationship

Foliar diagnosis as a method for assessing the nutrient status in a grownig medium seems to be useful. It gives the relationship between the available soil nutrient concentration and the plant nutritional status. The proportionality factor (k). a parameter in the given logarithmic equation, is called the efficiency coefficient. It indicates the ability of a plant to absorb nutrients from its growing medium.

scholarly journals Seasonal Variation in Mineral Nutrient Content of Primocane-fruiting Blackberry Leaves

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 540-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadine C. Strik
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
Green Fruit ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Leaf Sampling ◽  
Fruit Stage

Primocane-fruiting blackberry (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus, Watson) cultivars, Prime-Jan® and Prime-Jim®, grown only for a primocane crop, were studied for 2 years to evaluate whether this type of blackberry should be sampled at a certain stage of development or time of season to best evaluate plant nutrient status. Leaves were sampled every 2 weeks from a primocane height of ≈0.75 m in spring through fruit harvest in autumn and were analyzed to determine concentration of macro- and micronutrients. Primocanes were summer pruned at 1.4 m, by hedging to a height of 1.0 m, to induce branching, a standard commercial practice. Leaf nutrient concentration was related to stage of primocane growth and development and whether the leaves originated on the main cane or on the branches that resulted from summer pruning. Nutrient concentration of leaves sampled on the main primocane from early growth in spring until early branch growth in summer was significantly affected by cultivar, year, and week for most nutrients. When leaf sampling occurred on the older leaves of the main cane (for 4 weeks after hedging), the concentration of Ca, Mg, B, Fe, Mn, and Al increased, likely a result of the relative immobility of most of these nutrients. When samples were taken on primocane branches, leaf N, Mg, S, B (2009 only), Fe, Mn, Cu (2009 only), Zn, and Al concentrations did not differ between samples taken 6–8 weeks after summer pruning or hedging. Leaf K and Ca were more stable when sampling was done from weeks 8 to 10 (early bloom to green/early red fruit). There was a significant difference in leaf P among all weeks sampled during this period. A sample date corresponding to early green fruit stage (week 8) would thus likely provide the best compromise for assessing plant nutrient status in this crop. During this stage of development the nutrient concentrations measured for both cultivars and years, were within the present recommended nutrient sufficiency levels for other blackberry and raspberry crops for all except leaf K and P which were below current standards. The results suggest leaf sampling primocane-fruiting blackberry at the early green fruit stage (about 8 weeks after summer pruning) rather than a particular calendar date. The present leaf sufficiency range for P and K may need to be lowered for this crop. In addition, sampling cultivars separately for tissue analysis would still be advised to better manage nutrient programs.

Evaluating the nutrient status and fertilization response potential of planted spruce in the interior of British Columbia

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 594-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.I. Swift ◽  
R.P. Brockley
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
First Year ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Foliar Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Complete Fertilizer ◽  
Relative Differences

Factorial combinations of nitrogen (0, 100, and 200 kg/ha) and a "complete" fertilizer (0 and 1170 kg/ha) were applied to 10 spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss and hybrids) plantations in the central interior of British Columbia. Postfertilization patterns of foliar nutrient concentration and needle weight were used to evaluate the nutrient status and fertilization response potential of treated stands. When applied alone, N and the complete fertilizer generally had little effect on the weight of needles produced in the first year after treatment. Combined applications, however, often resulted in large responses. In 8 of the 10 installations, combined applications of N + complete fertilizer were significantly more effective than N alone in stimulating first-year needle weight. Which nutrient in the complete fertilizer is responsible for the increased needle-weight response cannot be stated conclusively. However, examination of foliar nutrient concentration data, combined with graphical analyses of relative differences in needle weight and nutrient concentration of added and nonadded nutrients, indicate that sulphur (and possibly potassium) may have a strong controlling influence on the N fertilization response potential of these stands. Systematic testing must be undertaken to verify these tentative diagnoses.

Nutrient status in coral reefs of the Îles Eparses (Scattered Islands): comparison to nearby reefs subject to higher anthropogenic influences (Mozambique Channel and Mascarenes, Indian Ocean)

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Riaux-Gobin ◽  
Andrzej Witkowski ◽  
Pablo Saenz-Agudelo ◽  
Jacques Neveux ◽  
Louise Oriol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Anthropogenic Influences ◽  
Coastal Environments ◽  
Preliminary Note ◽  
Reef Environments

AbstractIndian Ocean coral reef environments off Mascarenes (Réunion and Rodrigues Islands), Comores archipelago (Mayotte) and Eparses atolls (Europa, Glorieuses, Juan de Nova and Tromelin), were sampled in 2007 and 2009 for environmental parameters and benthic diatoms studies. This preliminary note documents the nutrient concentrations [NO3−, NO2−, PO4− and Si(OH)4] of coastal waters in diverse sites and examines the possible relationship between nutrient concentration and anthropogenic pressure. The pool of data is restricted, but the marine coastal environments of Réunion, Rodrigues and Mayotte exhibit, on average, higher levels of nutrient concentration, as compared to Eparses atolls, probably in relation to the degree of urbanisation. A project based on the study of benthic diatom assemblages will offer the opportunity to search for possible anthropogenic signatures.

Pine needle rust effect on Pinus banskiana in response to interspecific plant competition and telial host density

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1372-1380 ◽  
Author(s):  
J D Mihail ◽  
J N Bruhn ◽  
T R Meyer ◽  
F W Bell
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Plant Competition ◽  
Host Density ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Pine Needle ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Competitive Species

Three compartments differing in soil texture were established in 1994 to examine interspecific competition using Pinus banskiana Lamb. and 11 competitive species including Aster macrophyllus L. Each competitive species was established in six planting densities in combination with P. banksiana. Since P. banksiana and A. macrophyllus are hosts of the pine needle rust (PNR) fungus, Coleosporium asterum (Diet.) Syd., conditions were inadvertently created for examining the effect of PNR on tree growth under interspecific competition. Tree size was measured in 1995 and 1996. PNR was assessed in 1996 (incidence) and 1997 (severity). Pinus banksiana root collar diameter, stem length, and crown diameter were significantly lower in the loam soil texture compartment compared with the clay or sand compartments. Using the same metrics, P. banksiana size was reduced as competitor density increased in 1995 and 1996, particularly for A. macrophyllus. Further, P. banksiana size was significantly reduced by PNR infection in 1996. Excluding the plots with A. macrophyllus, P. banksiana infected in 1996 were significantly larger than disease-free trees in the clay and sand compartments, suggesting that larger trees may represent larger targets for spore deposition. In 1996, PNR incidence was significantly correlated with proximity to A. macrophyllus plots.

Possible Causes of Dry Pea Synergy to Corn

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy L. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Preceding Crop ◽  
Corn Grain

Dry pea improves corn yield and tolerance to weed interference compared with soybean, spring wheat, or canola as preceding crops. To understand this synergy between dry pea and corn, growth and nutrient concentration of corn were examined following dry pea or soybean in sequence. Each corn plot was split into weed-free and weed-infested subplots, with foxtail millet established at one density to provide uniform weed interference. Compared with soybean, dry pea improved corn grain yield 10% in weed-free conditions and corn tolerance to weed interference more than twofold. Dry pea synergy to corn in weed-free conditions was not related to differences in corn development, height, or nutrient status of corn seedlings. When foxtail millet was present, dry pea increased corn height and rate of development late in the growing season compared with soybean. Improved corn tolerance to weed interference was not related to seedling emergence or growth of foxtail millet, as these parameters did not vary with preceding crop. Other biological factors must be involved in dry pea synergy to corn.

scholarly journals Nutrient availability and yield formation.

1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-294
Author(s):  
K. Mengel
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Small Degree ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Nutrient Level ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Yield Formation

Available macronutrients present in the immediate vicinity of plant roots contribute only to a small degree to the total nutrient uptake of the plant. An important factor in the availability of a nutrient is therefore its mobility in the soil. The rate of translocation of a nutrient by diffusion or mass flow depends on its concentration in the soil solution, hence the nutrient level of the soil solution is of greater importance than the amounts of exchangeable or easily soluble plant nutrients in determining nutrient availability. Soil moisture and the volume of the root system also have an important effect on nutrient availability. In general, soil test methods based on the nutrient concentration of the soil solution give better correlations with plant growth than methods based on the pool of soluble and/or exchangeable nutrients. 43 references. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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