scholarly journals Differences in Growth and Log Quality of Douglas-Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) Provenances

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 287
Author(s):  
Peter Smolnikar ◽  
Robert Brus ◽  
Kristjan Jarni
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Performance Quality ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
The 19Th Century

Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) is a non-native conifer from western North America that was introduced into European forests at the end of the 19th century. Plantations of Douglas-fir in Europe have shown good performance, quality, and resilience to exacerbating climatic conditions. However, all these qualities strongly depend on provenance. A total of 1061 surviving trees of fifteen different Douglas-fir provenances were measured in a Slovenian provenance trial that was established within the framework of the 1966/1967 IUFRO seed collection program. We found significant differences among provenances with respect to survival rate, growth performance, and log quality. The total recorded yield of the 46-year-old stand was 602.9 m3/ha, and the average survival rate was 43%. The correlation of juvenile tree heights in 1985 and their average breast height diameters in 2017 is positive and significant. Based on vitality and diameter, the best performing provenances were Yelm and Cathlamet. The provenance with the best log quality assessed through branchiness is Jefferson (Olympic Peninsula, western Washington). All the most promising provenances for western Slovenia (Central Europe) originate from the low-altitude western coast of Washington (WACO), with the Cathlamet provenance showing the best combination of good growth, survival rate, and log quality.

scholarly journals COMPLEX ASSESSMENT OF PERSPECTIVES OF DOUGLAS FIR (PSEUDOTSUGA MENZIESII (MIRB.) FRANCO) IN FOREST-STEPPE CONDITIONS OF UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
O. M. Plotnikova
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Integrated Assessment ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Stem Quality

The results of the integrated assessment of prospects for use of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga Menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) in botanical gardens and arboretums in five regions in the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine are presented. In most cases, there was a fresh fertile forest site type, and in one, there was a dry fertile site. The indicators of growth, stem quality, available seed production and self-seedlings were determined. The comparison was realized with the native species, English oak, which is traditionally grown in the regions in given forest conditions. According to the results of the integrated assessment, Douglas fir in most cases was noted a perspective species in the Ukrainian forest-steppe zone and can be used for the creation of forest plantations, protective stands, and landscaping. The climatic conditions for the regions of the study were different in the average annual rainfall and the Selyaninov’s hydrothermal coefficient.

scholarly journals Mycobiota of Fine Roots of Pseudotsuga menziesii Introduced to the Native Forest Environment

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1766
Author(s):  
Marta Damszel ◽  
Hanna Szmidla ◽  
Katarzyna Sikora ◽  
Agata Młodzińska ◽  
Sławomir Piętka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Introduced Trees

The mycobiota of the fine roots of Pseudotsuga menziesii were studied as a measure of the adaptation of this alien species to new soil and climatic conditions. We hypothesized that after approximately 130 years of growth in a given habitat, the fungal community colonizing the fine roots of introduced trees would resemble the biota of Pinus sylvestris and Fagus sylvatica in surrounding stands of similar age and site conditions. The genetic material isolated from the fine roots was subjected to metagenomic analysis. We recorded 33, 97 and 95 OTUs exclusively from root samples of Douglas fir, beech and pine, respectively; 124 were common to all sample types. The biota from the roots of P. menziesii featured a less diverse taxonomic composition and were characterized by the highest proportion of symbiotrophs (71.8%) versus saprothrophs (5.6%) and pathogens (0.24%). Some fungal taxa (19) in the roots of P. menziesii were common with the biota in the roots of other adjacent trees, while some (7) were unique to Douglas fir. Our results indicate a locally differentiated strategy of naturalness of fungi inhabiting soil and roots of P. menziesii, although 130 years have passed since the introduction of the species.

Natürliche und künstliche Verjüngung der Douglasie in Bayern aus genetischer Sicht

2012 ◽  
Vol 163 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Konnert ◽  
Barbara Fussi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Absolute Minimum ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Provenance Trials ◽  
Adult Trees

Genetic aspects related to natural and artificial regeneration of Douglas-fir in Bavaria One of the most important factors when planting Douglas-fir is choosing the most suitable provenance for the site. Under climate change, genetic diversity as the basis for adaptation is of increasing importance. Both aspects, provenance and genetic diversity, have to be considered if natural regeneration of adult stands or planting of new stands are discussed. Numerous provenance trials have proven that the most suitable provenances for Bavaria originate from the coastal region west of the Cascade Mountains in Washington (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii). The interior variety (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca and P. menziesii var. caesia) is unsuitable both because of growth rate and susceptibility to needle cast. However, not only coastal Douglas-fir was planted in Bavaria. Isozyme analysis showed that around 20% of the Bavarian stands represented interior Douglas-fir or a mixture of coastal and interior variety. Through natural regeneration the genetic structure of the adult trees is passed on to the following generation. If gene flow through pollen or seed from neighbouring stands occurs, significant changes in the genetic composition of natural regeneration in comparison with the adult generation will be observed. The same is true for the seed collected from adult stands. This must be taken into consideration when stands are selected as registered seed collection stands. Stands with low genetic diversity and mixture of green and gray variety of Douglas-fir have to be excluded from seed collection. To maintain an appropriate level of genetic diversity in the seed, cones should be collected from at least 20 trees per stand. This should be considered the absolute minimum. Concerning the level of genetic diversity in seed collections from Germany, West Washington (USA) and France (seed orchards), no clear differences were observed.

Field Performance of Container-grown and Bareroot Trees in Coastal British Columbia

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Arnott
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Plug Seedling ◽  
Steep Slopes ◽  
Coastal British Columbia ◽  
Average Survival Rate

A series of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) experimental plantations was established over three planting seasons at two representative areas on southern Vancouver Island to assess and compare the field performance of a) 6-cm and b) 11-cm Walters' bullets, c) 11-cm bullet-plugs, d) tubelings, and e) 2-0 bareroot stock.Five years after planting, the average survival rate of Douglas-fir seedlings was a) 67, b) 65, c) 81, d) 70, and e) 79%. For western hemlock, these respective figures were a) 50, b) 53, c) 65, d) 45, and e) 29%. Removing the container before planting greatly increased survival rate of the bullet-plug seedling (c). There was relatively little significant variation in survival of container-grown seedlings among the three planting seasons selected. The most important single cause of mortality among all planting categories was drought. Smothering by competing vegetation and soil erosion on steep slopes was also a significant factor contributing to seedling failure.

scholarly journals Efficient Cryopreservation of Populus tremula by In Vitro-Grown Axillary Buds and Genetic Stability of Recovered Plants

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Elena O. Vidyagina ◽  
Nikolay N. Kharchenko ◽  
Konstantin A. Shestibratov
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Ssr Loci ◽  
One Step ◽  
The One

Axillary buds of in vitro microshoots were successfully frozen at –196 °C by the one-step freezing method using the protective vitrification solution 2 (PVS2). Microshoots were taken from 11 transgenic lines and three wild type lines. Influence of different explant pretreatments were analyzed from the point of their influence towards recovery after cryopreservation. It was found out that the use of axillary buds as explants after removal of the apical one increases recovery on average by 8%. The cultivation on growth medium of higher density insignificantly raises the regenerants survival rate. Pretreatment of the osmotic fluid (OF) shows the greatest influence on the survival rate. It leads to the increase in survival rate by 20%. The cryopreservation technology providing regenerants average survival rate of 83% was developed. It was based on the experimental results obtained with explant pretreatment. Incubation time in liquid nitrogen did not affect the explants survival rate after thawing. After six months cryostorage of samples their genetic variability was analyzed. Six variable simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci were used to analyze genotype variability after the freezing-thawing procedure. The microsatellite analysis showed the genetic status identity of plants after cryopreservation and of the original genotypes. The presence of the recombinant gene in the transgenic lines after cryostorage were confirmed so as the interclonal variation in the growth rate under greenhouse conditions. The developed technique is recommended for long-term storage of various breeding and genetically modified lines of aspen plants, as it provides a high percentage of explants survival with no changes in genotype.

scholarly journals Pathogenicity and Virulence of Pythium Species Obtained from Forest Nursery Soils on Douglas-Fir Seedlings

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 744-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry E. Weiland ◽  
Bryan R. Beck ◽  
Anne Davis
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
The United States ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Pythium Species ◽  
Forest Nursery ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Forest Nurseries

Pythium species are common soilborne oomycetes that occur in forest nursery soils throughout the United States. Numerous species have been described from nursery soils. However, with the exception of P. aphanidermatum, P. irregulare, P. sylvaticum, and P. ultimum, little is known about the potential for other Pythium species found in nursery soils to cause damping-off of tree seedlings. A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the pathogenicity and virulence of 44 Pythium isolates representing 16 species that were originally recovered from soil at three forest nurseries in Washington and Oregon. Seeds of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) were planted into soil infested with each of the isolates. Seedling survival, the number of surviving seedlings with necrotic root lesions, and taproot length were evaluated 4 weeks later. Responses of Douglas-fir to inoculation varied significantly depending on Pythium species and isolate. Eight species (P. dissotocum, P. irregulare, P. aff. macrosporum, P. mamillatum, P. aff. oopapillum, P. rostratifingens, P. sylvaticum, and P. ultimum var. ultimum) significantly reduced the number of surviving seedlings compared to the noninoculated treatment. However, all Pythium species caused a greater percentage of seedlings to develop root lesions (total mean 40%) than was observed from noninoculated seedlings (17%). Taproot length varied little among Pythium treatments and was not a useful character for evaluating pathogenicity. Results confirm the ability of P. irregulare, P. mamillatum, and P. ultimum var. ultimum to cause damping-off of Douglas-fir seedlings, and are indicative that other species such as P. dissotocum, P. aff. macrosporum, P. aff. oopapillum, P. rostratifingens, and P. sylvaticum may also be responsible for seedling loss.

Cylindrocarpon and Fusarium root colonization of Douglas-fir seedlings from British Columbia reforestation sites

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1198-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paige E Axelrood ◽  
William K Chapman ◽  
Keith A Seifert ◽  
David B Trotter ◽  
Gwen Shrimpton
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
Significant Linear Trend ◽  
Conifer Seedlings ◽  
Cylindrocarpon Destructans

Poor performance of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) plantations established in 1987 has occurred in southwestern British Columbia. Affected sites were planted with 1-year-old container stock that exhibited some root dieback in the nursery. A study was initiated in 1991 to assess Cylindrocarpon and Fusarium root infection in planted and naturally regenerating (natural) Douglas-fir seedlings from seven affected plantations. Percentages of seedlings harboring Cylindrocarpon spp.and percent root colonization were significantly greater for planted seedlings compared with natural seedlings. A significant linear trend in Cylindrocarpon root colonization was observed for planted seedlings with colonization levels being highest for roots closest to the remnants of the root plug and decreasing at distances greater than 10cm from that region. This trend in Cylindrocarpon colonization was not observed for natural seedlings. Cylindrocarpon destructans (Zins.) Scholten var. destructans and C.cylindroides Wollenw. var. cylindroides were the only species isolated from planted and natural conifer seedlings. For most sites, percentage of seedlings harboring Fusarium spp.and percent Fusarium root colonization were less than for Cylindrocarpon. Recovery of Fusarium spp.from seedlings and root colonization levels were not significantly different for planted and natural seedlings from all sites.

Contarinia pseudotsugae. [Distribution map].

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Contarinia pseudotsugae Condrashoff (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Hosts: Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Belgium, France, Germany and Netherlands) and North America (Canada, British Columbia, USA, California, Idaho, Michigan, Montana, Oregon, Pennsylvania and Washington).

Phytophthora pseudotsugae. [Distribution map].

1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Phytophthora pseudotsugae Hamm & Hansen. Host: douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). Information is given on the geographical distribution in NORTH AMERICA, USA, OR, WA.

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