Photosynthesis Traits of Pioneer Broadleaves Species from Tailing Dumps in Călimani Mountains (Eastern Carpathians)

The reforestation and stable ecological restoration of tailings dumps resulting from surface mining activities in the Călimani Mountains represent an ongoing environmental challenge. To assess the suitability of different tree species for restoration efforts, photosynthetic traits were monitored in four broadleaf pioneer species—green alder (Alnus alnobetula (Ehrh.) K. Koch), aspen (Populus tremula L.), silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.), and goat willow (Salix caprea L.)—that naturally colonized the tailings dumps. Green alder and birch had the highest photosynthetic rate, followed by aspen and goat willow. Water use efficiency parameters (WUE and iWUE) were the highest for green alder and the lowest for birch, with intermediary values for aspen and goat willow. Green alder also exhibited the highest carboxylation efficiency, followed by birch. During the growing season, net assimilation and carboxylation efficiency exhibited a maximum in late July and a minimum in late June. The key limitation parameters of the photosynthetic process derived from the FvCB model (Vcmax and Jmax) were the highest for green alder and exhibited a maximum in late July, regardless of the species. Based on photosynthetic traits, the green alder—a woody N2-fixing shrub—is the most well-adapted and photosynthetically efficient species that naturally colonized the tailings dumps in the Călimani Mountains.

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Biogeographical Patterns of Light Use efficiency?

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-3254 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

David Sandoval ◽

Iain Colin Prentice

Keyword(s):

Maximum Rate ◽

Spatial Organization ◽

Gross Primary Production ◽

Incident Light ◽

Direct Consequence ◽

Theoretical Explanation ◽

Light Use Efficiency ◽

Mountain Regions ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Photosynthetic Traits

The emergent spatial organization of ecosystems in elevational gradients suggest that some ecosystem processes, important enough to shape morphological traits, must show similar patterns.The most important of these processes, gross primary production (GPP), usually (albeit with some exceptions) decreases with elevation. This was previously thought to be a direct consequence either of the decrease in temperature, or the decrease of incident light due to cloud cover. However, some recent developments in photosynthetic theory, plus the unprecedented availability of ecophysiological data, support the hypothesis that plants acclimate (optimize) their photosynthetic traits to the environment. In this new theoretical context, the temperature is no longer considered as a major constraining factor, except when either freezing or excessively high temperatures inhibit plant function generally.Two of the most important photosynthetic traits, the maximum rate of carboxylation (VCMAX) and the intrinsic quantum efficiency (&#966;o), vary in opposite directions with increasing elevation. Plants tend to increase VCMAX to compensate for a decrease in the ratio leaf-internal to ambient partial pressures of CO2, while &#966;o increases with temperature up to a plateau. To explore how these different responses, documented at leaf level, converge in emergent spatial patterns at ecosystem scale we considered how elevation shape light use efficiency (defined as the ratio of CO2 assimilated over light absorbed) over mountain regions worldwide. We used data from eddy-covariance flux towers, from different networks, located in mountain regions around the world, adding up to 618 station-years of record. To complement our analysis, we included theoretical predictions using an optimality model (P-model) and evaluated changes in the spatial pattern with simulation experiments.Empirically we found an asymptotic response of LUE to the average daytime temperature during the growing season with increasing elevation, and a small, but globally consistent effect of elevation on LUE. We propose a theoretical explanation for the observation that temperature differences have little impact on the biogeographical pattern of LUE, but we also find that different assumptions on the acclimation of the maximum rate of electron transport (JMAX) and &#966;o change this pattern.

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Growth responses of selected clones of birch (Betula pendula roth.,B. pubescens Ehrh.) and willow (Salix caprea L.,S. cinerea L.) to nitrogen in solution culture

Plant and Soil ◽

10.1007/bf02372635 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 92 (2) ◽

pp. 209-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

J. E. G. Good ◽

T. G. Williams

Keyword(s):

Betula Pendula ◽

Solution Culture ◽

Growth Responses ◽

Salix Caprea ◽

Betula Pendula Roth

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Characterizing the Efficacy of a Film-Forming Antitranspirant on Raspberry Foliar and Fruit Transpiration

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology9090255 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 255

Author(s):

Francesca J. Moroni ◽

Pedro J. Gascon-Aldana ◽

Suzy Y. Rogiers

Keyword(s):

Water Loss ◽

Carbon Fixation ◽

Stomatal Closure ◽

Rubus Idaeus ◽

Transpiration Efficiency ◽

Efficiency Ratio ◽

Film Forming ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Net Assimilation ◽

Berry Composition

The film-forming antitranspirant, di-1-p-menthene, is able to reduce transpiration in a number of crops, potentially resulting in water savings and improved productivity. The success of the response is, however, dependent on genotype and environmental factors. We aimed to assess the efficacy of this natural terpene polymer on red raspberry (Rubus idaeus, L.) cv. Tulameen leaf water-use efficiency across a 25–40 °C temperature range under controlled conditions. The film reduced transpiration (E) and was most effective when applied to the lower leaf surface. Leaf net assimilation (A) and stomatal conductance (g) were also curtailed after the application of di-1-p-menthene, and as a consequence intrinsic transpiration efficiency (A/g) and instantaneous transpiration efficiency (ratio of net carbon fixation to water loss, A/E) did not improve. At 40 °C, gas exchange of both treated and untreated leaves was minimal due to stomatal closure. The antitranspirant was effective at reducing water loss from berries, but only at the immature stages when transpiration rates were naturally high. Further studies are required to determine if the antitranspirant, di-1-p-menthene, will offer protection against dehydration across a range of temperatures and if productivity and berry composition will benefit.

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Broad Leaf Trees as Reservoirs for Phytoseiid Mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

Plant Protection Science ◽

10.17221/3828-pps ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 39 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 65-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. Kabíček

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

Fagus Sylvatica ◽

Tree Species ◽

Quercus Robur ◽

Betula Pendula ◽

Deciduous Tree ◽

Acer Platanoides ◽

Phytoseiid Mites ◽

Salix Caprea ◽

Broad Leaf

The possibility that broad leaf trees can be reservoirs for phytoseiid mites was investigated by determining their occurrence and species diversity on common deciduous tree species. No phytoseiid mites were found on Betula pendula and Populus tremula. Altogether  280 specimens of phytoseiids belonging to six species (Neoseiulella ace-ri, N. tiliarum, Paraseiulus soleiger, Euseius finlandicus, Phytoseius severus, Typhlodromus rhenanus) were found on Acer platanoides, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur and Salix caprea. Ph. severus was the dominant phytoseiid species on S. caprea, while N. aceri was most abundant on A. platanoides. The greatest abundance and species diversity of phytoseiids were found on S. caprea that can thus constitute an excellent reservoir for some phytoseiid mites, particularly Phytoseius spp.  

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ÍNDICES FISIOLÓGICOS, CRESCIMENTO E PRODUÇÃO DO MILHO IRRIGADO COM ÁGUA SALINA

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2007v12n3p307-325 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 307-325 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Giovanni De Oliveira Garcia ◽

Paulo Afonso Ferreira ◽

Glauco Vieira Miranda ◽

Flávio Gonçalves de Oliveira ◽

Delfran Batista dos Santos

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Saline Water ◽

Kernel Weight ◽

Average Weight ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Irrigation Depth ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Maize Plants ◽

Net Assimilation

ÍNDICES FISIOLÓGICOS, CRESCIMENTO E PRODUÇÃO DO MILHO IRRIGADO COM ÁGUA SALINA Giovanni de Oliveira Garcia1; Paulo Afonso Ferreira2; Glauco Vieira Miranda3; Flávio Gonçalves de Oliveira4; Delfran Batista dos Santos51Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, ES, [email protected] Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG.3 Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG.4 Núcleo de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, MG.5 Escola Agrotécnica Federal do Senhor do Bonfin, Senhor do Bonfin, BA. 1 RESUMO Objetivando avaliar os efeitos da salinidade da solução do solo sobre o crescimento, desenvolvimento, características fisiológicas e de produtividade em plantas de milho, foi conduzido um experimento em lisímetros de drenagem dentro de casa de vegetação. O experimento foi montado no delineamento inteiramente casualizado com sete tratamentos constituídos de um irrigado com água doce (sem lixiviação) e seis irrigados com água salina de 1,2 dS m-1 e frações de lixiviação de 40, 30, 20, 15, 10 e 5% da lâmina de irrigação aplicada e três repetições. Na variedade avaliada o aumento da salinidade do solo decorrente da irrigação com água salina reduziu expressivamente a produção de matéria seca da parte aérea e das raízes, as taxas de assimilação líquida, crescimento absoluto e relativo, da área foliar total e útil, fotossíntese, condutância estomática, transpiração, eficiência do uso de água na produtividade, peso de grãos por lisímetro e peso médio da espiga sem palha seguido do aumento da razão de área foliar. UNITERMOS: estresse salino, manejo de água, irrigação. GARCIA, G.O. de; FERREIRA, P.A.; MIRANDA, G.V.; OLIVEIRA, F.G.de; SANTOS, D.B.dos. PHYSIOLOGICAL INDICES, GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF MAIZE IRRIGATED WITH SALINE WATER 2 ABSTRACT An experiment was carried out in drainage lysimeters under greenhouse conditions in order to evaluate the salinity effects in soil solution on the growth, development, physiological characteristics, and productivity of maize plants. The experiment was had an entirely randomized design with seven treatments consisting of one irrigated with fresh water (without leaching) and six ones irrigated with saline water of 1.2 dS m-1 and leaching fractions of 40, 30, 20, 15, 10 and 5% of the applied irrigation depth and three replications. In the variety under evaluation, the increased soil salinity due to irrigation with saline water, significantly reduced the dry matter yield of either the aerial part and roots, as well as the rates concerning to: net assimilation, both absolute and relative growths, both total and effective leaf area, photosynthesis, stomatic conductance, transpiration, water use efficiency on productivity, kernel weight by lysimeter, and average weight of the huskless ear, following the increase in the leaf area ratio. KEYWORDS: Salt stress, water management, irrigation

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The Relationship between Rubisco Activity and Photosynthesis in Apple Leaves with Different Nitrogen Content

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.32.3.530e ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 530E-531

Author(s):

Lailiang Cheng ◽

Leslie H. Fuchigami

Keyword(s):

Carboxylation Efficiency ◽

Curvilinear Relationship ◽

Rubisco Activity ◽

Apple Leaves ◽

Wide Range ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Curvilinear Relationships ◽

Leaf N Content ◽

Rubisco Activation ◽

Leaf N

Based on the curvilinear relationship between carboxylation efficiency and leaf N in apple leaves, we hypothesized that deactivation of Rubisco accounts for the lack of response of photosynthesis to increasing leaf N under high N supply. A wide range of leaf N content (from 1.0 to 5.0 g·m–2) was achieved by fertigating bench-grafted Fuji/M26 apple trees for 6 weeks with different N concentrations using a modified Hoagland solution. Analysis of photosynthesis in response to intercellular CO2 under both 21% and 2% O2 indicated that photosynthesis at ambient CO2 was mainly determined by the activity of Rubisco. Measurements of Rubisco activity revealed that initial Rubisco activity increased with leaf N up to 3.0 g·m–2, then leveled off with further rise in leaf N, whereas total Rubisco activity increased linearly with increasing leaf N throughout the leaf N range. As a result, Rubisco activation state decreased with increasing leaf N. Photosynthesis at ambient CO2 and carboxylation efficiency were both linearly correlated with initial Rubisco activity, but showed curvilinear relationships with total Rubisco activity and leaf N. As leaf N increased, photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency declined with decreasing Rubisco activation state.

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Growth and solar radiation use efficiency of corn cultivated in agroforestry systems

Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture ◽

10.9755/ejfa.2019.v31.i7.1977 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 535 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Claiton Nardini ◽

Jaqueline Sgarbossa ◽

Felipe Schwerz ◽

Elvis Felipe Elli ◽

Sandro Luiz Petter Medeiros ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Solar Radiation ◽

Eucalyptus Grandis ◽

Agroforestry Systems ◽

Radiation Use Efficiency ◽

Absolute Growth ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Net Assimilation ◽

Hybrid Eucalyptus ◽

Radiation Use

Agroforestry systems are a more sustainable alternative to food and energy production without compromising existing agroecosystems. In this context, the study aimed to analyze the growth characteristics and the solar radition use efficiency of corn cultivated in different arrangements of agroforestry and monoculture systems. The study was conducted in the experimental area of the Laboratory of Agroclimatology of the Federal University of Santa Maria, Campus of Frederico Westphalen – RS, Brazil. The experimental design was a complete randomized block, arranged in a factorial scheme of 3 × 2 × 2 representing two arrangements of agroforestry systems (Intercrop I and Intercrop II) and the monoculture of corn; two forest species, Peltophorum dubium (Spr.) Taubert, denoted as P. dubium and the hybrid Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake × Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden, denoted as Eucalyptus; and two crop years (Crop I and Crop II), with four replicates each. The growth rates varied between the different systems, with the highest values recorded for the absolute growth rate in the monoculture system, in both crop years, for the relative growth rate in the Eucalyptus-Intercrop I-Crop I and monoculture system-Crop II plots, and for the net assimilation rate in the Eucalyptus-Intercrop II in both crop years. The solar radiation use efficiency was varied between the different systems, with greater values of efficiency found in the Eucalyptus-Intercrop I-Crop I and in Eucalyptus-Intercrop II-Crop II plots. Therefore, different agroforestry arrangements influence corn growth; however, further studies related to this subject are needed as it is a way to optimize land use.

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The effect of humidity on photosynthesis and water relations of white spruce seedlings during the early establishment phase

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x26-112 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 1015-1021 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

B.J. Marsden ◽

V.J. Lieffers ◽

J.J. Zwiazek

Keyword(s):

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Absolute Humidity ◽

White Spruce ◽

Silvicultural Treatments ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Net Assimilation ◽

Bare Root ◽

Establishment Phase ◽

Treatment Water

Newly transplanted, 3-year-old bare-root white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) seedlings were grown in three levels of absolute humidity difference (AHD), under water-stressed and well-watered conditions in growth chambers. Stomatal conductance to CO2 as well as net assimilation were more than twice as high in the low AHD treatment (6.8 μg H2O•cm−3) as in the high AHD treatment (21.0 μg H2O•cm−3). Transpiration rates were uniform among humidity treatments, but in the low AHD treatment water use efficiency was more than double that of the high AHD treatment. Water use efficiency was greatest in the low AHD conditions, in the water-stressed seedlings, and during the time immediately after planting. There were no differences in the number of new roots produced among humidity treatments, despite the different levels of photosynthesis. In the stress treatment, bud flush of seedlings in the high AHD treatment occurred 3 days later than in the low AHD treatment. A field study on the effects of varying aspen (Populustremuloides Michx.) canopies on humidity levels showed that AHD under partial and full canopies was lower than that of the clearcut. Results suggest that silvicultural treatments that promote higher humidity levels on planting sites should improve white spruce seedling photosynthesis immediately after planting.

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Nitrogen fertilization of trembling aspen seedlings grown on soils of different pH

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x02-191 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 552-560 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Annie DesRochers ◽

R van den Driessche ◽

Barb R Thomas

Keyword(s):

Populus Tremuloides ◽

Calcium Nitrate ◽

Carbon Isotope Ratio ◽

Nitrogen Sources ◽

Dry Mass ◽

N Source ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Net Assimilation ◽

B Uptake ◽

Selection Of

Seedlings from three open-pollinated aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) families were grown in a greenhouse with four nitrogen (N) sources, each at two N levels and three pH levels. Nitrogen sources were ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4), calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2), ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), and urea ((NH2)2CO); N levels were 50 and 200 mg·L1 (100-mL aliquots three times per week); and pH levels were 5, 6, and 7. Shoot dry mass and leaf area increased with pH in (NH4)2SO4 and (NH2)2CO treatments, but were greatest at pH 6 in the NH4NO3 and Ca(NO3)2 treatments as a result of a pH × N source interaction. N level was directly related to growth, net assimilation, water-use efficiency, and leaf carbon isotope ratio, while N source had no effect on these parameters. Seedlings from families 2 and 3 grew larger than seedlings from family 1, which allocated relatively more dry matter to roots. Growth of the three families interacted with soil pH so that family 1 was largest at pH 7, but families 2 and 3 were largest at pH 6. Seedling boron (B) uptake was reduced by increasing pH and by the Ca(NO3)2 fertilizer. These results were interpreted to show that although the three families seemed well adapted to all the N and pH conditions to which they were exposed, growth could be increased by selection of a fertilizer most suitable to the pH and availability of other nutrients in the soil.

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