Nitrogen fertilization of trembling aspen seedlings grown on soils of different pH

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 552-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie DesRochers ◽  
R van den Driessche ◽  
Barb R Thomas

Seedlings from three open-pollinated aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) families were grown in a greenhouse with four nitrogen (N) sources, each at two N levels and three pH levels. Nitrogen sources were ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4), calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2), ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), and urea ((NH2)2CO); N levels were 50 and 200 mg·L–1 (100-mL aliquots three times per week); and pH levels were 5, 6, and 7. Shoot dry mass and leaf area increased with pH in (NH4)2SO4 and (NH2)2CO treatments, but were greatest at pH 6 in the NH4NO3 and Ca(NO3)2 treatments as a result of a pH × N source interaction. N level was directly related to growth, net assimilation, water-use efficiency, and leaf carbon isotope ratio, while N source had no effect on these parameters. Seedlings from families 2 and 3 grew larger than seedlings from family 1, which allocated relatively more dry matter to roots. Growth of the three families interacted with soil pH so that family 1 was largest at pH 7, but families 2 and 3 were largest at pH 6. Seedling boron (B) uptake was reduced by increasing pH and by the Ca(NO3)2 fertilizer. These results were interpreted to show that although the three families seemed well adapted to all the N and pH conditions to which they were exposed, growth could be increased by selection of a fertilizer most suitable to the pH and availability of other nutrients in the soil.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Gabriela Grandón ◽  
Eugenia Alejandra Martin ◽  
Emanuel Mauro Cicconi ◽  
Carolina del Pilar Díaz ◽  
Eva María Celia Mamaní ◽  
...  

Abstract The aim of this research was select the best combination of contrasting parents to develop a mapping population for drought tolerance, based on phenotypic and genotypic data. Phenotyping was conducted in a greenhouse during 16 days at vegetative stage under well-watered (WW) and water-deficit (WD) conditions. Traits evaluated were: gain of leaf area (GLA), total water use (TWU), net assimilation rate (NAR), water use efficiency (WUE) and transpiration rate (TR) response to vapor pressure deficit (VPD) (slope and breakpoint). Genotyping was performed with 127 SSR markers and a cluster analyses was conducted. An important interaction was observed for NAR, WUE and breakpoint in the VPD response. Under WD conditions, all genotypes showed lower GLA and TWU, whereas NAR and WUE increased its values. All genotypes showed reduction of the slope and breakpoint in high VPD response on WD. PCA analysis explains the 80% of the total variability. PC1 discriminated HA89 and R419 due to a lower slope and higher breakpoint, while PC2 separated by water treatment based on the WUE and TWU values. Nighty nine SSR marker were amplified detecting 262 alleles. Cluster analyzes showed two main groups, one including HAR4 and B59 and the other one including five remaining genotypes. According to these results, only R419xHA64 and HA89xHAR4 had a greater genetic distance (1.08), besides a high polymorphism level between ILs (about 60%). Therefore, we conclude that these would be the best combination of contrasting parents to develop mapping populations for drought tolerance in sunflower.


2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (11) ◽  
pp. 1046-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie DesRochers ◽  
R. van den Driessche ◽  
Barb R. Thomas

The objective of this study was to understand how nitrogen (N) source, soil pH, and drought interact in the growth and water-use efficiency of poplars. Rooted cuttings from two hybrid poplar clones, 24 (Walker) ( Populus deltoides × Populus ×petrowskyana ), and 794 (Brooks 6) (Populus deltoides × Populus ×petrowskyana), and one native balsam poplar clone 1004 ( Populus balsamifera L.), were grown in a greenhouse for a period of 8 weeks. Trees received a combination of two N sources (ammonium sulphate [(NH4)2SO4] and calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)2]), two soil pHs (5 and 7), and two drought levels (85% and 40% field capacity, as determined by mass). Trees had reduced growth, net photosynthesis, and stomatal conductance with NO3– fertilization, and these effects were accentuated at soil pH  7. The drought treatment only slightly reduced growth and rarely interacted with N source or soil pH. Drought also did not affect instantaneous measurements of water-use efficiency, but it increased δ13C by an average of 0.55‰. The poplar clones used in this study appear to be better adapted to take up N from NH4+ than from NO3–-N sources.


1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 1049-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
NICOLAS TREMBLAY

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of N sources and rates on growth, yield and hollow stem development of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. spp. Italica Plenck ’Green Valiant’). Four N fertilizers [NH4NO3, Ca(NO3)2, (NH4)2SO4 or CO(NH2)2] were side-dressed in a factorial arrangement with rates of 75, 150 or 225 kg N ha−1. Increasing N rate resulted in greater vegetative growth but also in more hollow stem development, as estimated for the first time by a measure of hole volume. In a dry and warm year, however, with a near optimal soil pH, hollow stem development increased more with N rate than did marketable yield. In these conditions, it may therefore be advisable to reduce N applications. Nitrate-containing sources increased yield by 4% but induced 13% more hollow stem so that no N source could be identified that would produce high broccoli yield with minimum hollow stem. The effect of N source was neither function of year nor of N rate; it would therefore be irrelevant to modify N rate according to the source used.Key words: Brassica oleracea L. spp. Italica Plenck, broccoli, calcium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, urea, ammonium sulphate


2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILIPE LIMA DE AMORIM ◽  
JANAINA AZEVEDO MARTUSCELLO ◽  
JOSÉ TEODORICO DE ARAÚJO FILHO ◽  
DANIEL DE NORONHA FIGUEIREDO VIEIRA DA CUNHA ◽  
LIANA JANK

ABSTRACT: Cultivars of the genus Nopalea are known in Brazil for being tolerant to cochineal carmine attacks, thus making the cultivation of this genus a promising alternative for mitigating the negative effects of this insect on the production of biomass. With the objectives of characterizing morphologically spineless forage cactus varieties and identify morphological characteristics that may be the focus in spineless forage cactus breeding programs, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with 11 treatments and four replications. The variety Alagoas showed the highest values of weight, area and volume of cladodes. The varieties Negro Michoacan F7 and V7, Tamazunchale V12 showed the highest values of the cladode area index, the total volume of cladodes and total fresh mass production. The varieties Negro Michoacan V7 and F7 presented the highest water use efficiency and dry mass yield. Cladode volume showed the highest correlation coefficients with the fresh weight of cladodes. Aiming the release of varieties for biomass production, varieties Negro Michoacan F7, V7 and Tamazunchale V12 may substitute the Miúda variety. The number and cladode area index may be used as criteria for selection of superior varieties in breeding programs.


2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.P. Guimaraes ◽  
R. Aguiar ◽  
J.A. Oliveira ◽  
J.A.A. Silva ◽  
D. Karam

The potential of three aquatic macrophytes, Azoll caroliniana, Salvinia minima and Lemna gibba, was evaluated in this work aimed at selection of plants to be used in remediation of environments contaminated by arsenic (As). The experiments were carried out in a greenhouse during six days in pots containing Hoagland solution (¼ ionic strength) at As concentrations of 0.5; 2.5 and 5.0 mg L-1. The three species showed greater As accumulation as the concentration of the metalloid in solution increased. However, a reduction was detected in fresh and dry mass gain when the plants were exposed to high As concentrations. The macrophytes showed differences in efficiency of removal of As in solution. A. caroliniana, S. minima and L. gibba accumulated, on average, 0.130; 0.200; and 1.397 mg mDM-1, respectively, when exposed to 5.0 mg L-1 of As. The macrophytes absorbed a greater quantity of As in solution with low phosphate content. The greater As concentration in L. gibba tissues lowered the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents as shown by the high chlorosis incidence. Lemna gibba also exhibited a decrease in leaf size, with the total chlorophyll and carotenoid synthesis not being affected by As in A. caroliniana. This species exhibited purplish leaves with high concentration of anthocyanin, whose presence suggested association to phosphate deficiency. Marginal necrosis occurred on S. minima floating leaves, with the released daughter-plants not showing any visual symptoms during the treatment. The percentage of As removed from the solution decreased when the plants were exposed to high concentrations of the pollutant. Among the three species studied, only L. gibba could be considered an As hyper-accumulator. The use of this plant species for remediation of aquatic environments was shown to be limited and requires further investigation.


Irriga ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 764-770
Author(s):  
ANA RAQUEL DE MELO ◽  
JOSÉ FLÁVIO FERREIRA DE SOUSA ◽  
CRISTIANE NUNES CONCEIÇÃO ◽  
MARIA ROSELANE ALVES OLIVEIRA

CONDITIONING OF SEEDLINGS OF PEPPERS (CAPSICUM ANNUM L.), INFLUENCED BY THE HYDROPONIC SYSTEM "FLOATING"     ANA RAQUEL PEREIRA DE MELO 1; JOSÉ FLÁVIO FERREIRA DE SOUSA2; CRISTIANE NUNES DA CONCEIÇÃO 3 E MARIA ROSELANE ALVES OLIVEIRA4   1 Engenheira Agrônoma, Instituto Federal do Maranhão - Campus Codó-MA, Rua do Poraquê S/N Codó Novo, Zona Rural, CEP: 65400000, Codó- MA, Brasil, [email protected]; 2 Engenheiro Agrônomo, Instituto Federal do Maranhão - Campus Codó-MA, Rua do Poraquê S/N Codó Novo, Zona Rural, CEP: 65400000, Codó- MA, Brasil, [email protected]; 3 Engenheira Agrônoma, Instituto Federal do Maranhão - Campus Codó-MA, Rua do Poraquê S/N Codó Novo, Zona Rural, CEP: 65400000, Codó- MA, Brasil, [email protected]; 4 Engenheira Agrônoma, Instituto Federal do Maranhão - Campus Codó-MA, Rua do Poraquê S/N Codó Novo, Zona Rural, CEP: 65400000, Codó- MA, Brasil, [email protected].     1 ABSTRACT   The aim of this research to assess the development of pepper seedlings under different nutritional conditions, under the influence of the "Floating" aiming system, a new production, alternative for larger producers’ safety in producing sustainably, ensuring the production of healthy food and income generation. The production of seedlings occurred in polyethylene plastic trays, where they were placed 2/seeds paprika cells of Yolo Wonder cultivar. After the emergence of seedlings was thinning. The experimental design was completely randomized design, containing 5 treatments with 4 replications. The treatments were T1-trays remained out of the "floating", receiving water irrigation 2 times a day; T2-trays of floating, remained out more irrigation the same solution of the "floating" 3 times a week, using 500 ml of solution per Pan; T3-were pans 12:00 are in "floating" and 12:00 am out; T4-trays remained throughout the period of the test in the "floating"; T5-trays remained throughout the period in the "floating", except in the last week. The solution was composed of soluble fertilizer, calcium nitrate, potassium chloride, Triple Superphosphate and Urea, and was changed every Ten days. The parameters analyzed were height of the plant; Root length; Fresh matter weight of shoot; Weight of fresh root matter; Dry matter weight of shoot; Root dry matter weight; Diameter of the stem. All parameters analyzed were submitted to analysis of variance and averages compared by Tukey test to 1% in the case of significance. The treatment proved to be more feasible was the T4, as this medium to larger variables introduced height, stem diameter, plant fresh mass aerial and aerial dry mass.   Keywords: Nutrient solution, production, safety, productive Alternative.     MELO, A. R. P.; SOUSA, J. F. F.; CONCEIÇÃO, C. N. E OLIVEIRA, M. R. A. CONDICIONAMENTO DE MUDAS DE PIMENTÃO (CAPSICUM ANNUM L.), INFLUENCIADAS PELO SISTEMA HIDROPÔNICO “FLOATING”           2 RESUMO   Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa avaliar o desenvolvimento de mudas de pimentão submetidas a diferentes condicionamentos nutricionais, sobre influência do sistema “Floating” visando, uma nova alternativa de produção, para propiciar aos produtores maior segurança em produzir sustentavelmente, para com isso garantir a produção de alimentos saudáveis e geração de renda. A produção de mudas ocorreu em bandejas de polietileno plástico, onde foram colocadas 2 sementes/célula de pimentão da cultivar Yolo Wonder. Após a emergência das plântulas, foi feito o desbaste. O delineamento experimental foi Inteiramente Casualizado, contendo 5 tratamentos com 4 repetições. Os tratamentos foram: T1- As bandejas permaneceram sempre fora do “floating”, recebendo irrigação de água 2 vezes ao dia; T2 – As bandejas permaneceram fora do floating, mais irrigação da mesma solução do “floating” 3 vezes por semana, usando 500 ml da solução por bandeja; T3 – As bandejas ficaram 24 h em “floating” e 24 h fora; T4 - As bandejas permaneceram todo o período do ensaio no "floating"; T5 - As bandejas permaneceram todo o período no "floating” ", exceto na última semana. A solução foi composta pelos fertilizantes solúveis, Nitrato de Cálcio, Cloreto de potássio, Superfosfato Triplo e Ureia, e foi trocada a cada Dez dias. Os parâmetros analisados foram: Altura da planta; Comprimento da raiz; Peso da matéria fresca da parte aérea; Peso da matéria fresca da raiz; Peso da matéria seca da parte aérea; Peso da matéria seca da raiz; Diâmetro do caule. Todos os parâmetros analisados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 1% no caso de significância. O tratamento que se mostrou mais viável foi o T4, pois este apresentou maiores médias para as variáveis altura da planta, diâmetro caulinar, massa fresca da parte aérea e massa seca da parte aérea.   Palavras-chave: Solução Nutritiva, Alternativa de Produção, Segurança produtiva.


2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio José Dias Vieira ◽  
Dario Alves de Oliveira ◽  
Taís Cristina Bastos Soares ◽  
Ivan Schuster ◽  
Newton Deniz Piovesan ◽  
...  

This work aimed to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with photosynthesis and growth and productivity traits of soybean and to study possible associations between these traits by the analysis of coincidence of QTL in linkage groups (LGs). Thus, populations of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of the F7 and F8 generations derived from the cross between the varieties BARC-8 and Garimpo were used. The traits evaluated were net assimilation rate of CO2 under saturating light (Asat), potential photosynthesis rate (Pmax), leaf area (A), specific leaf area (SLA), specific leaf nitrogen (N); root (W R), nodule (W N), stem (W ST), leaf (W L), pod (W P) and plant dry mass (W T); nodule (nN), seed (n s), and pod number (nP); seed fresh mass per plant (W S), one-hundred seed fresh mass (W HS) and seed protein percentage (P%). It was possible to identify the following QTL associated with the following soybean traits: SLA, Asat, N, W R, W ST, W L, W T, W P, W HS, n s and nP, indicating that the RIL population has a great potential for mapping loci associated with quantitative traits of the soybean crop. The correlations between the soybean traits were partially confirmed by coincidence of QTL.


Botany ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 481-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annick Bertrand ◽  
Danielle Prévost ◽  
Christine Juge ◽  
François-P. Chalifour

Elevated CO2 increases soybean growth and photosynthesis, and the resulting additional supply of photosynthates stimulates nodule activity. To characterize its biochemical response to both CO2 and bradyrhizobial strains, soybean inoculated with three strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum was grown in growth chambers under ambient (400 µmol·mol–1) or elevated (800 µmol·mol–1) CO2. Soluble sugars were generally more abundant in leaves and nodules under elevated CO2, while starch and pinitol were depleted, indicating that additional photosynthates were rapidly used, in particular for nodule growth (dry mass increased by 65%). Ureides (allantoin and allantoic acid) increased under elevated CO2 in leaves, while this increase was not significant in nodules. The indigenous strain 12NS14 induced the highest ureides concentration in nodules under elevated CO2 along with the highest nitrogenase activity and increase in shoot dry mass, indicating a positive-feedback stimulation: soybean mobilized energy reserves to support more nodules, and in return nodules synthesized more ureides to support plant growth. In contrast, the commercial strain 532c resulted in the highest ureide concentrations in leaves, coupled with the lowest nitrogenase activity and nodules yield, suggesting a feedback inhibition of nodule activity. Our results show that selection of B. japonicum strains better adapted to elevated CO2 could improve soybean performance.


2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E.A. Borba ◽  
G.M. Maciel ◽  
E.F. Fraga Júnior ◽  
C.S. Machado Júnior ◽  
G.R. Marquez ◽  
...  

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector Augusto Sandoval Contreras ◽  
Mario Sandoval Contreras ◽  
Renan Ribeiro Barzan ◽  
João Pedro Silvestre ◽  
Osmar Rodrigues Brito

The aim of this study was to evaluate the initial growth, nitrogen (N) uptake, and agronomic efficiency after the use of N fertilizers in upland rice cultivation. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse by using pots filled with surface-layer (0 to 20 cm) soil collected from the municipality of Jaguapitã, Paraná. The experimental design was completely randomized with 4 replications. A factorial scheme of 5 × 2 was used, in which the factors were 5 N rates (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 kg ha-1 N) and 2 cultivars of rice (Fedearroz Lagunas [Colombian] and IAPAR- 9 [Brazilian]). The N sources tested were ammonium sulfate (Experiment I) and calcium nitrate (Experiment II). The following variables were evaluated: number of tillers per pot (NTP), dry mass of the shoots (DMS), N content in the dry mass (NCDM), and agronomic efficiency of N fertilizer (AEN). The data obtained in the experiments were evaluated using analysis of variance, and mean values were compared using Tukey’s test at 5% significance for rice cultivar effects or adjusted to polynomial regression equations for N rates. Use of calcium nitrate yielded higher values of NTP, NCDM, and AEN. The cultivar Lagunas showed higher NTP, while IAPAR-9 showed higher DMS. An increase in N rates, for both sources, resulted in the increase of NTP, DMS, and NCDM; however, AEN was decreased.


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