scholarly journals Structure and Abundance of Fusarium Communities Inhabiting the Litter of Beech Forests in Central Europe

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 811
Author(s):  
Hanna Stępniewska ◽  
Robert Jankowiak ◽  
Piotr Bilański ◽  
Georg Hausner
Keyword(s):  
Forest Type ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
Genus Fusarium ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Beech Stand

Members of the genus Fusarium and related genera are important components of many ecosystems worldwide and are responsible for many plant diseases. However, the structure of beech litter-inhabiting Fusarium communities and their potential role in reducing the natural regeneration of European beech are not well understood. To address this issue, we examined Fusarium communities in the litter of uneven-aged, old-growth beech-dominated forests in the Carpathians (Poland) and in the Alps (Austria), and in a managed beech stand (Poland). The fungi inhabiting beech litter were investigated using beechnuts and pine seedlings as bait. The pathogenicity of the most common species was investigated by inoculating beech germinants. Fusarium spp. were identified based on morphology and DNA sequence comparisons of RPB2 and TEF1-α genes, combined with phylogenetic analyses. Twelve fungal species were identified from 402 isolates, including nine known and three currently undescribed species. The isolates resided in three species complexes within the genus Fusarium. These were the F. oxysporum (one taxon), F. sambucinum (three taxa), and F. tricinctum (six taxa) species complexes. In addition, one isolate was assigned to the genus Neocosmospora, and one isolate could be placed within the genus Fusicolla. The most frequently isolated fungi from beechnuts and beech germinants were F. avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc., F. sporotrichioides Sherb. and Fusarium sp. B. The structure and abundance of species within Fusarium communities varied by beech forest type. The species richness of Fusarium spp. was greatest in old-growth beech-dominated stands, while abundances of Fusarium spp. were higher in managed beech-dominated stands. Pathogenicity tests showed that all four Fusarium species isolated from beechnuts and beech germinants could cause germinants to rot beech, suggesting that these fungi may play a negative role in the natural beech regeneration.

THE EFFECT OF SOIL MOISTURE ON FUSARIUM SPECIES

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 693-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Stover
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Optimum Growth ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Genus Fusarium ◽  
Saturated Condition ◽  
Soil Saturation

Six species and forms of the genus Fusarium show optimum growth and survival in soil at 15% saturation. Optimum soil moisture content for actinomycete growth and survival is similar to that for the Fusarium species whereas that for bacteria is at 75% soil saturation. The present studies indicate that Fusarium spp. are strongly aerobic and that Fusarium populations can be greatly reduced by maintaining the soil in a saturated condition in the absence of hosts.

scholarly journals Antagonism of Trichoderma on the control of Fusarium spp. on Phaseolus lunatus L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Gabriel Ginane Barreto ◽  
Ana Carla da Silva Santos ◽  
Mirelly Miguel Porcino ◽  
Patrick Materatski ◽  
Carla Varanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Phaseolus Lunatus ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Fava Beans ◽  
Trichoderma Isolates

Biological control strategies have become an important tool in the sustainable management of plant diseases. This paper aims to report the Fusarium species that affect fava beans (Phaseolus lunatus L.) grown in Paraíba, Brazil, and determines the potential of Trichoderma isolates to control these fungi. Two Trichoderma and ten Fusarium isolates from fava bean seeds were selected. The beans were obtained from cultivated areas in the municipalities of Remígio, Alagoa Grande and Campina Grande, in Paraíba state. Phylogenetic analyzes based on DNA sequences of the translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1) gene resolved the Fusarium isolates into four species belonging to the F. fujikuroi and F. incarnatum-equiseti species complexes. In vitro tests showed that the two isolates of Trichoderma tested presented antagonistic potential against the pathogens from the fava beans evaluated. In the direct comparison test, the growth of the pathogens was reduced from the seventh day in both treatments. Sporulation also showed a reduction, but only for 40% of Fusarium isolates. This work demonstrates that Trichoderma isolates can be used as a sustainable alternative to manage Fusarium spp. infection of fava beans.

scholarly journals Frequency of toxigenic Fusarium species and fusariotoxins in wheat grain in Serbia

2007 ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slavica Stankovic ◽  
Jelena Levic ◽  
Vesna Krnjaja ◽  
Aleksandra Bocarov-Stancic ◽  
Sonja Tancic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Genus Fusarium

A total of 88 and 40 wheat samples collected immediately prior to harvest in 2005 and 2006, respectively, under different agroecological conditions, were studied in respect to the occurrence of Fusarium spp. and the production of fusariotoxins. The greatest number of samples was infected with species of the genera Fusarium (81.8 and 65.0%), and Alternaria (36.3 and 17.5%) with the intensity ranging from 9.4 to 84.0% in 2005 and from 23.4 to 80.6% in 2006. Out of 13 identified species belonging to the genus Fusarium, F. graminearum had the highest frequency (35.2 and 12.5%) and the intensity up to 67.2%, and 21.9%, in 2005 and 2006, respectively, followed by F. poae but only in 2005 (20.4%), and F. proliferatum in 2006 (19.7%). The natural occurrence of mycotoxins in positive samples varied from 37 to 331 ppb for zearalenone and from 31 to 125 ppb for diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) and T-2 toxin. The concentration of mycotoxins amounted, on average, to 133.4, 61.0 and 45.7 ppb for zearelenone, DAS and T-2 toxin, respectively.

scholarly journals Trichothecene-Producing Fusarium Species Isolated from Soybean Roots in Ethiopia and Ghana and their Pathogenicity on Soybean

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 2070-2075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen L. Hartman ◽  
Susan P. McCormick ◽  
Kerry O’Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Trichothecene Mycotoxin ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Soybean Roots

Numerous pathogen surveys have reported that diverse Fusarium spp. threaten soybean production in North and South America. However, little research has been conducted to characterize Fusarium pathogens of soybean in sub-Saharan Africa. Our objectives were to (i) identify Fusarium spp. isolated from discolored root segments of soybean grown in Ethiopia and Ghana using DNA sequence data, (ii) determine whether isolates nested in the Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti and F. sambucinum species complexes (FIESC and FSAMSC, respectively) produced trichothecene mycotoxins in vitro, and (iii) test these isolates for pathogenicity on soybean. Molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed that the trichothecene mycotoxin-producing isolates comprised three undescribed species within the FIESC and FSAMSC. Mycotoxin type B trichothecene 4,15-diacetylnivalenol or T-2 toxin and related type A neosolaniol trichothecenes were produced by 18 of the 21 isolates. Of the 12 isolates from Ethiopia and Ghana tested for their impact on seed germination, 5, comprising two undescribed phylospecies (i.e., Fusarium sp. number 3 and Fusarium sp. FIESC 2,) completely inhibited germination, whereas 4 caused no reduction in germination. Root lesions induced by all 12 isolates were greater than the uninoculated negative control. Additional variation among the isolates was reflected in differences (α = 0.05) in lesion lengths, which ranged from 34 to 67% of total root length. This is the first report characterizing FIESC and FSAMSC isolates from soybean roots in Ethiopia and Ghana.

scholarly journals Fusarium species, their taxonomy, variability and significance in plant pathology – a review

2001 ◽  
Vol 37 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 25-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zemánková ◽  
A. Lebeda
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathology ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Genus Fusarium ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
Recent Classification

Fusarium Link (1809) is an anamorph genus with worldwide distribution and a remarkable degree of biodiversity. Its species are common in soil and have been found on a very wide range of vascular plants. Some specialized species are parasitic on other fungi and or insects. In the system of fungi the genus Fusarium is classified in the class Hyphomycetes which belongs to the Deuteromycotina. Teleomorphs have been placed in the genera Nectria and Gibberella, order Hypocreales (Ascomycetes). The taxonomy of the genus Fusarium is not settled and the number of species and sections varies. A few recent classification systems of this genus exist. Fusarium spp. have mostly been studied in the context of their ability to cause diseases of many economically important crop plants. Some species produce mycotoxins and other metabolites that can be harmful to humans and livestock. There is a wide variability in pathogenicity, and in many Fusarium spp. various formae speciales (f.sp.) and physiological races are known. In this paper a description of the 14 most important soil and plant pathogenic Fusarium spp. is provided.

scholarly journals Natural toxigenic fungal and mycotoxin occurrence in maize hybrids

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-85
Author(s):  
Vesna Krnjaja ◽  
Violeta Mandic ◽  
Zorica Bijelic ◽  
Milos Lukic ◽  
Tanja Petrovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Genus Fusarium ◽  
Permissible Levels ◽  
The Republic

The objective of the present study was to investigate the susceptibility of maize hybrids to the natural occurrence of toxigenic fungal species, in particular toxigenic Aspergillus and Fusarium species, and mycotoxins (aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON) and total fumonisins B1, B2 and B3 (FBs)). Grain samples of six commercial maize hybrids (MAS 34.B - FAO 300, MAS 40.F, MAS 48.L, KWS Konfites and ZP 427 - FAO 400, and MAS 56.A - FAO 500) were collected at harvest in 2018. A total of seven fungal genera, Acremonium, Alternaria, Epicoccum, Fusarium, Nigrospora, Penicillium and Rhizopus, were identified of which only species from the genus Fusarium were present on maize grains of all hybrids tested. The incidence of Fusarium spp. was higher in the hybrids MAS 48.L (54.6%), and MAS 56.A (53.3%), compared to MAS 40.F (37.3%), KWS Konfites (28%), MAS 34.B (22.6%) and ZP 427 (12%) hybrids. Among the identified Fusarium species (F. graminearum, F. proliferatum, F. subglutinans and F. verticillioides), F. proliferatum was present in all hybrids, ranging from 9.3% (ZP 427) to 30.7% (MAS 48.L ), whereas F. subglutinans was present in two hybrids, MAS 40.F (16%) and MAS 56.A (9.3%). The incidence of F. graminearum ranged from 0% (KWS Konfites) to 9.3% (MAS 34.B), while the incidence of F. verticillioides ranged from 0% (MAS 34.B and ZP 427) to 21.3% (MAS 48.L). In the samples, Aspergillus species were not identified. The effect of maize hybrids was significant on the level of mycotoxins. MAS 34.B hybrid had a statistically significantly higher levels of AFB1 and DON than other hybrids. The FBs level was the highest in the hybrid MAS 34.B (1202 ?g kg-1) and the lowest in the hybrid KWS Konfites (88.33 ?g kg-1). However, the FBs level did not differ between hybrids MAS 34.B, MAS 40.F, and MAS 56.L, MAS 40.F, MAS 48.L, and MAS 56.A, and KWS Konfites and ZP 427. In all hybrids, AFB1, DON, and FBs levels were below the maximum permissible levels stipulated by the legislation of the European Union and the Republic of Serbia in unprocessed maize. The agro-ecological conditions in 2018 favored the development of Fusarium species on maize grains of the hybrids tested, especially fumonisin producing species.

scholarly journals The presence of toxigenic Fusarium species and Fusariotoxins deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in winter wheat

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Krnjaja ◽  
S. Stankovic ◽  
J. Levic
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Genus Fusarium ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Penicillium Spp ◽  
Insignificant Correlation ◽  
Isolated Species

The frequency of fungi and mycotoxin concentrations of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZON) were studied in winter wheat grains harvested in 2009. The most frequently isolated species belonged to genera Alternaria (81.55%) and Fusarium (12%), followed by Rhizopus spp. (3.75%), Acremoniella spp. (1.15%) and other fungi (Acremonium spp., Arthrinium spp., Aspergillus spp., Bipolaris spp., Chaetomium spp., Nigrospora spp., Penicillium spp. and Ramichloridium spp.) isolated in less than 1%. The following species of the genus Fusarium were identified: F. graminearum (82.50%), F. sporotrichioides (5.42%), F. proliferatum (4.17%), F. subglutinans (4.17%), F. poae (1.66%), F. semitectum (1.25%), and F. verticillioides (0.83%). In 100% of wheat grain samples DON was detected (110-1200 ?g kg-1, average 490 ?g kg-1), while ZON was detected in 10% of samples and in the lower average of 70 ?g kg-1 with the limit values ranging from 60 to 80 ?g kg-1. Statistically significant positive correlations were established between the concentration of ZON with the frequency of F. graminearum (r = 0.63) or with the frequency of Fusarium spp. (r = 0.58). A negative insignificant correlation was determined between the DON level and the percentage of present Fusarium species.

Distribution of representatives "malicious synergies" polyphages of the genus Fusarium spp. schlecht and aspergillus sp. nees in corn crops in Kuban

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (76) ◽  
pp. 155-157
Author(s):  
Viktor Sokirko ◽  
◽  
Marta Nemchenko ◽  
Roman Nevzorov ◽  
Nikolay Leonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Genus Fusarium ◽  
Aspergillus Sp

scholarly journals Expanding the Diversity of the IS630-Tc1-mariner Superfamily: Discovery of a Unique DD37E Transposon and Reclassification of the DD37D and DD39D Transposons

Genetics ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 159 (3) ◽  
pp. 1103-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongguang Shao ◽  
Zhijian Tu
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Inverted Repeats ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multiple Copies ◽  
Catalytic Motif ◽  
Open The Doors ◽  
Reading Frames

Abstract A novel transposon named ITmD37E was discovered in a wide range of mosquito species. Sequence analysis of multiple copies in three Aedes species showed similar terminal inverted repeats and common putative TA target site duplications. The ITmD37E transposases contain a conserved DD37E catalytic motif, which is unique among reported transposons of the IS630-Tc1-mariner superfamily. Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analyses suggest that ITmD37E forms a novel family distinct from the widely distributed Tc1 (DD34E), mariner (DD34D), and pogo (DDxD) families in the IS630-Tc1-mariner superfamily. The inclusion in the phylogenetic analysis of recently reported transposons and transposons uncovered in our database survey provided revisions to previous classifications and identified two additional families, ITmD37D and ITmD39D, which contain DD37D and DD39D motifs, respectively. The above expansion and reorganization may open the doors to the discovery of related transposons in a broad range of organisms and help illustrate the evolution and structure-function relationships among these distinct transposases in the IS630-Tc1-mariner superfamily. The presence of intact open reading frames and highly similar copies in some of the newly characterized transposons suggests recent transposition. Studies of these novel families may add to the limited repertoire of transgenesis and mutagenesis tools for a wide range of organisms, including the medically important mosquitoes.

scholarly journals Effects of Antagonists on Mycotoxins of Seedborne Fusarium spp. in Sweet Corn

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 438
Author(s):  
Mary E. Ridout ◽  
Bruce Godfrey ◽  
George Newcombe
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fusarium Mycotoxins ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Corn Seed ◽  
Pichia Membranifaciens ◽  
Mature Seeds ◽  
F1 Cross

Fusarium species coexist as toxigenic, systemic pathogens in sweet corn seed production in southwestern Idaho, USA. We hypothesized that fungal antagonists of seedborne Fusarium would differentially alter production of Fusarium mycotoxins directly and/or systemically. We challenged the Fusarium complex by in vitro antagonism trials and in situ silk and seed inoculations with fungal antagonists. Fungal antagonists reduced growth and sporulation of Fusarium species in vitro from 40.5% to as much as 100%. Pichia membranifaciens and Penicillium griseolum reduced fumonisin production by F. verticillioides by 73% and 49%, respectively, while P. membranifaciens and a novel Penicillium sp. (WPT) reduced fumonisins by F. proliferatum 56% and 78%, respectively. In situ, pre-planting inoculation of seeds with Penicillium WPT systemically increased fumonisins in the resulting crop. Morchella snyderi applied to silks of an F1 cross systemically reduced deoxynivalenol by 47% in mature seeds of the F2. Antagonists failed to suppress Fusarium in mature kernels following silk inoculations, although the ratio of F. verticillioides to total Fusarium double with some inoculants. Fusarium mycotoxin concentrations in sweet corn seed change systemically, as well as locally, in response to the presence of fungal antagonists, although in Fusarium presence in situ was not changed.

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