New and Emerging Insect Pest and Disease Threats to Forest Plantations in Vietnam

The planted forest area in Vietnam increased from 3.0 to 4.4 million hectares in the period 2010–2020, but the loss of productivity from pests and diseases continues to be a problem. During this period, frequent and systematic plantation forest health surveys were conducted on 12 native and 4 exotic genera of trees as well as bamboo across eight forest geographic regions of Vietnam. Damage caused by insects and pathogens was quantified in the field and laboratory in Hanoi. The threats of greatest concern were from folivores (Antheraea frithi, Arthroschista hilaralis, Atteva fabriciella, Hieroglyphus tonkinensis, Lycaria westermanni,Krananda semihyalina, and Moduza procris), wood borers (Batocera lineolata, Euwallacea fornicatus, Tapinolachnus lacordairei, Xyleborus perforans, and Xystrocera festiva), sap-sucking insects (Aulacaspis tubercularis and Helopeltis theivora) and pathogens (Ceratocystis manginecans, Fusarium solani, and Phytophthora acaciivora). The number of new and emerging pests and pathogens increased over time from 2 in 2011 to 17 in 2020, as the damage became more widespread. To manage these pests and diseases, it is necessary to further invest in the selection and breeding of resistant genotypes, improve nursery hygiene and silvicultural operations, and adopt integrated pest management schemes. Consideration should be given to developing forest health monitoring protocols for forest reserves and other special-purpose forests.

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Diverse sources of resistance to Spodoptera litura (F.) in groundnut

Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding (The) ◽

10.31742/ijgpb.79s.1.8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 79 (01S) ◽

Author(s):

M. A. Saleem ◽

G. K. Naidu ◽

H. L. Nadaf ◽

P. S. Tippannavar

Keyword(s):

Recombinant Inbred ◽

Spodoptera Litura ◽

Hot Spot ◽

Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

Leaf Damage ◽

Botanical Variety ◽

Resistant Genotypes ◽

Botanical Varieties

Spodoptera litura an important insect pest of groundnut causes yield loss up to 71% in India. Though many effective chemicals are available to control Spodoptera, host plant resistance is the most desirable, economic and eco-friendly strategy. In the present study, groundnut mini core (184), recombinant inbred lines (318) and elite genotypes (44) were studied for their reaction to Spodoptera litura under hot spot location at Dharwad. Heritable component of variation existed for resistance to Spodoptera in groundnut mini core, recombinant inbred lines and elite genotypes indicating scope for selection of Spodoptera resistant genotypes. Only 29 (15%) genotypes belonging to hypogaea, fastigiata and hirsuta botanical varieties under mini core set, 15 transgressive segregants belonging to fastigiata botanical variety among 318 recombinant inbred lines and three genotypes belonging to hypogaea and fastigiata botanical varieties under elite genotypes showed resistance to Spodoptera litura with less than 10% leaf damage. Negative correlation existed between resistance to Spodoptera and days to 50 per cent flowering indicating late maturing nature of resistant genotypes. Eight resistant genotypes (ICG 862, ICG 928, ICG 76, ICG 2777, ICG 5016, ICG 12276, ICG 4412 and ICG 9905) under hypogaea botanical variety also had significantly higher pod yield. These diverse genotypes could serve as potential donors for incorporation of Spodoptera resistance in groundnut.

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Challenges to planted forest health in developing economies

Biological Invasions ◽

10.1007/s10530-017-1488-z ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (11) ◽

pp. 3273-3285 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Brett P. Hurley ◽

Bernard Slippers ◽

Shiroma Sathyapala ◽

Michael J. Wingfield

Keyword(s):

Developing Economies ◽

Forest Health ◽

Planted Forest

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Evaluation for Released and Promising Genotypes of Potato against Red Ant

Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council ◽

10.3126/jnarc.v5i1.23812 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 81-87

Author(s):

Prem Nidhi Sharma ◽

Ram Chandra Adhikari ◽

Bhim Bahadur Khatri ◽

Kalika Prasad Upadhyay

Keyword(s):

Insect Pest ◽

Damage Index ◽

Potato Tubers ◽

Varietal Resistance ◽

Natural Infestation ◽

Potato Resistance ◽

Index Value ◽

Resistant Genotypes ◽

Combined Data

Red ant is the most destructive insect pest of potato tubers in the field. Utilization of varietal resistance is the best option to control the pest. The resistance of five released and nine promising genotypes of potato were evaluated against red ant (Dorylus orientalis Westwood) under natural infestation in red ant prone field. Potato resistance was evaluated based on tuber damage index value (0.00 to 1) which was calculated on the bases of the percentage of damaged tubers and number of injuries on per kilogram of tubers made by the pest. Based on the results of combined data, the levels of varietal damage were categorized to be less damaged (TDI value ranging from 0.35 to 0.49), moderately damaged (TDI value ranging from 0.50to 0.64) and highly damaged (TDI value ranging from 0.65 to 0.79) types. Among the 14 genotypes compared for levels of tuber damage, the fivegenotypes: IPY-8 (TDI value: 0.35), Khumal Seto (TDI value: 0.39), PRP-056267.1 (TDI value: 0.40), Janak Dev (TDI value: 0.44) and PRP-25861.1 (TDI value: 0.49) were determined to be the less damaged types. The less damaged potato genotypes can be used by farmers as the relatively resistant genotypes against red ant.

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The cabbage webworm (Hellula undalis) on tickweed (Cleome viscosa) in Samoa

The South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences ◽

10.1071/sp11001 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Adama A. Ebenebe ◽

Saidi R. Achari ◽

Nitesh Chand ◽

Annas A. Krishna ◽

Saula Baleisuva

Keyword(s):

Insect Pest ◽

Wild Plant ◽

Larval Feeding ◽

Main Role ◽

Field Surveys ◽

Pests And Diseases ◽

Brassica Spp ◽

Hellula Undalis ◽

Cleome Viscosa

Cabbages (Brassica spp.) are important components of the diet of many South Pacific island people, but their production is often constrained by pests and diseases. Leaf-eating caterpillars, particularly Crocidolomia pavonana, Plutella xylostella and Hellula undalis, are the most important insect pest constraints in Samoa. In 2006, it was observed that H. undalis infests a wild plant, Cleome viscosa, in Samoa. Field surveys, laboratory and cage experiments were then conducted from 2007 to 2009 to investigate aspects of the ecology of H. undalis in Samoa. The study showed that H. undalis is present on C. viscosa throughout the year. Findings also suggest that parasitism of H. undalis in Samoa is either negligible or non-existent. Only Brassica rapa chinensis, Brassica oleracea capitata and C. viscosa were confirmed as hosts of H. undalis. Laboratory and cage experiments suggested that C. viscosa was more attractive for H. undalis larval feeding than the Brassica spp. However, overall indication from this study is that the main role of C. viscosa, under field conditions, is as source of recruitment of H. undalis onto cultivated hosts. We recommended that C. viscosa should be controlled in cabbage growing areas.

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Pesticide Use Practices by Market Gardeners in the Santa Area of the North West Region of Cameroon

International Journal of Plant & Soil Science ◽

10.9734/ijpss/2018/v26i630060 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

A. N. Abdulai ◽

C. N. Konje ◽

Tange Denis Achiri ◽

D. N. Tarla ◽

D. Nsobinenyui

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Vegetable Production ◽

Chi Square ◽

North West ◽

Pests And Diseases ◽

Agronomic Practices ◽

The North ◽

Important Pest ◽

Chi Square Test

Aims: This work aimed at establishing the different Garden crop pests and how farmers use different pesticides to manage these pests. Place and duration of the Work: This work was carried out in Santa from January to March 2013 Methodology: The methodology involved the use of structured questionnaires which were administered to 120 farmers to obtain information on demographics, constraints to successful crop production, general farm system and agronomic practices, knowledge of insect pest problems, types of pesticides used, dosage and rate of application, and different pests crops suffered from. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test. Results: The study indicates that majority of market gardeners in Santa community are males (70%) with ages from 30-39 and most of them are married (76%). Famers worked with relied on pesticides for pest control and did not dispose of empty pesticide containers properly such as throwing on the farm; use as drinking bowls and returned it to the pesticide vendors. Conclusion: This study provides valuable information on the pesticides used in pests and diseases control in vegetable production and health symptoms like stomach disorders, burns, and catarrh experienced by gardeners. A majority (94%) of farmers suffered from serious insect pest attacks on their farms and the most important pest was the cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) which affected (65%). A majority (96%) of farmers also reported diseases attacks with late blight (Phytophthora infestans) affecting more than four-fifth (81%) of the farms especially in the rainy season.

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Drivers of cocoa encroachment into protected forests: the case of three forest reserves in Ghana

International Forestry Review ◽

10.1505/146554820831255533 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 425-437

Author(s):

L.K. Brobbey ◽

F.K. Agyei ◽

P. Osei-Tutu

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Subsistence Farming ◽

Forest Reserves ◽

Pests And Diseases ◽

Protected Forests ◽

Cultivable Land ◽

Proximate Causes ◽

Abrupt Shifts ◽

Community Workshops ◽

Rural Appraisal

The study sought to unearth the immediate causes and underlying factors that fuel cocoa-driven deforestation in Ghana through four pathways: interviews, participatory rural appraisal techniques, facilitated community workshops and field observations in five forest-fringe and two admitted communities of Ghana's Ashanti and Western North Regions. The study found agricultural expansion and infrastructure extension to be the proximate causes of deforestation. These are driven by population growth, low cocoa productivity, inadequate cultivable land for cash and subsistence farming, abrupt shifts in government policies, droughts, wildfires, pests and diseases, land insecurity, limited alternative livelihoods in rural areas and lack of maintenance of admitted farm boundaries. The magnitude of the surge in cocoa encroachment in protected forests requires collaboration among diverse stakeholders and interlocutory action to stem the challenge while more holistic solutions are sought.

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Assessment of forest health status of Panca Indah Lestari Community Plantation Forest (case study in Bukit Layang Village, Bakam District, Bangka Regency, Bangka Belitung Province)

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/918/1/012031 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 918 (1) ◽

pp. 012031

Author(s):

E R Arwanda ◽

R Safe’i

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Forest Management ◽

Health Assessment ◽

Forest Health ◽

Plantation Forest ◽

Plantation Forests ◽

Range Of Values ◽

Average Health ◽

Plot Design

Abstract Currently, community plantation forests play an essential role in providing wood supply for the timber industry with due regard to sustainability. One way to achieve the sustainability aspects of forest management is by conducting monitoring forest health. This study aims to determine the value of the health status of the Panca Indah Lestari Community Plantation Forest. This community plantation forest is located in Bukit Layang Village, Bakam District, Bangka Regency, Bangka Belitung Province. The stages of this research include: determining the number of cluster-plots using sampling intensity based on the area of community plantation forest, making cluster plots based on Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) cluster-plot design, collecting data by measuring the ecological indicators of forest health (productivity and vitality) based on the FHM method, as well as data analysis and processing using the Forest Health Assessment Information System. The results showed that the health status of the Panca Indah Lestari Community Plantation Forest had a range of values ranging from 1,890 - 5,530. The average health status value of Panca Indah Lestari Community Plantation Forest is 4,210, which was included in the medium category. Thus, the value of the health status of community plantation forests illustrates that the conditions for productivity and vitality indicators are insufficient. Knowing the forest condition’s status value helps managers provide recommendations in making decisions on sustainable community plantation forest management.

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Chrysanthemum Production in Bangladesh: Significance the Insect Pests and Diseases Management: A Review

Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science ◽

10.47352/jmans.v1i1.10 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 25-35

Author(s):

Ahasan Ullah Khan ◽

Md Abdur Razzak Choudhury ◽

Anayat Ullah Khan ◽

Saugat Khanal ◽

Abu Rashed Md Maukeeb

Keyword(s):

Disease Management ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Pests And Diseases ◽

Crop Disease ◽

Chrysanthemum Plant ◽

Anti Oxidant ◽

Ecological Methods ◽

Disease Epidemics ◽

Anti Fungal

Chrysanthemum is a floricultural, ornamental and medicinal plant with tremendous income cash crop which is cultivated chiefly in winter. The crop charity as nerve sedative, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, anti-microbial, anti-fungal, anti-angiogenic, anti-atherosclerosis and nematocidal goods. Chrysanthemum has been used for hundreds of years in manufacturing medicine. It is used to treat respiratory complications, high blood pressure, and hyperthyroidism and reduce inflammation. Leaves remedies for colds, headaches, bronchitis, rheumatism, and swellings. The plant has aesthetic significance as well. Nevertheless, outbreaks of pests and diseases have hold back Chrysanthemum cultivation in Bangladesh. Insect pest damages the plant directly by sucking cell sap and indirectly spread out of virus diseases as act of vector. Aphid resistance variety might be the effective tool for successful production of chrysanthemum plant. Sustainable crop disease management for Chrysanthemum needs a multitude of consideration of the impacts of management methods on economics, sociology and ecology by wholly understanding the mechanisms of crop disease epidemics and the functioning of normal agroecosystems. The findings of this study present clear insights into efforts that will encourage farmers to adopt effective and ecological methods of pest and disease management for successful chrysanthemum production in Bangladesh.

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Host Plant Resistance to Leafminers in Lettuce

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.129.3.0383 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 129 (3) ◽

pp. 383-388 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Beiquan Mou ◽

Yong-Biao Liu

Keyword(s):

Insect Pest ◽

Choice Test ◽

Agricultural Crops ◽

Unit Leaf ◽

Lactuca Serriola ◽

Choice Tests ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

Leaf Lettuce ◽

Resistant Genotypes ◽

Cage Test

Leafminer (Liriomyza spp.) is a major insect pest of many important agricultural crops including lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). The goals of this study were to evaluate lettuce genotypes for resistance to leafminers and to estimate the heritabilities of leafminer-resistant traits in the field, to examine the association among different resistant traits, and to study the mechanism of leafminer resistance in lettuce. Seventy-eight lettuce accessions and 232 F2 plants of crosses were evaluated for leafminer stings and the production of pupae and flies in the field in 2001 and 2002, and resistant genotypes were subjected to no-choice test. Wild species (Lactuca serriola L., L. saligna L., and L. virosa L.) had significantly fewer stings than cultivated lettuces. Among cultivated lettuces, sting densities were lowest on leaf lettuce and highest on romaine types. The sting results from the field were highly correlated with the results from insect cages (r = 0.770 and 0.756 for 2001 and 2002 tests, respectively), suggesting that a cage test can be used to screen for resistance in the field. Broad-sense heritability estimates for stings per unit leaf area in the field were 81.6% and 67.4% for 2001 and 2002 tests, respectively. The number of pupae produced per plant or per leaf was moderately correlated with sting density but was not correlated with leaf weight. Results suggest that both antixenosis and antibiosis exist in lettuce germplasm and resistant genotypes from choice tests remain resistant under no-choice conditions. These findings suggest that genetic improvement of cultivated lettuce for leafminer resistance is feasible.

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Aplikasi Teknologi DNA untuk Akselerasi Program Pemuliaan Ketahanan Tanaman Kakao terhadap Hama dan Penyakit Utama

Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian ◽

10.21082/jp3.v35n4.2016.p155-166 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 155

Author(s):

I Made Tasma

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Trait Loci ◽

Genetic Transformation ◽

Insect Resistance ◽

Quantitative Trait ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Breeding Program ◽

Pests And Diseases ◽

Dna Technology ◽

Modern Genomic

ABSTRACT One of the main constraints on cacao cultivation is disease and insect pest attacks causing significant yield loss. The main insect pests and diseases on cacao plantation are cacao pod borer, cacao fruit rot, vascular streak dieback and cacao mirids (Helopeltis spp.). Conventional breeding method to obtain new cacao clones resistant to insect pests and diseases is a slow process. It may take 1520 years to obtain a new superior clone. Applying DNA technology should expedite cacao breeding program. The article described the application of DNA technology currently available to expedite cacao breeding program for disease and insect resistance. Many genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of important traits have been discovered related to cacao plant productivity and yield quality, disease and insect pest resistance traits. Modern genomic technologies as well as DNA marker have also been applied in cacao breeding program. Genetic transformation technology has been explored its application for cacao improvement. With the development of modern genomic technology, important gene/QTL discoveries would be faster to accelerate insect pest and disease resistant cultivar development. All these new DNA technologies have been assessed their potential applications for coping important pest and disease and for yield improvement. DNA technologies, mainly MAS and genomic-data based breeding technologies are ready to be applied to support breeding programs for main pest and disease resistance to enhance Indonesian cacao productivity and quality. Keywords: Cacao, disease and insect resistance, genomics, DNA markers, genetic transformation, marker-assisted breeding AbstrakSalah satu kendala utama dalam budi daya kakao ialah serangan hama dan penyakit. Hama dan penyakit utama kakao adalah penggerek buah kakao (PBK), busuk buah kakao (BBK), vascular streak dieback (VSD), dan cacao mirids (Helopeltis spp.). Kegiatan pemuliaan tanaman kakao secara konvensional berjalan lambat dan perlu waktu panjang. Untuk menghasilkan satu varietas unggul diperlukan waktu 15-20 tahun. Aplikasi teknologi DNA (genomika melalui pemuliaan berbantuan marka dan rekayasa genetik) dapat mempercepat program pemuliaan tanaman kakao. Tulisan ini mengulas teknologi DNA yang tersedia saat ini dan potensi aplikasinya untuk mempercepat pemuliaan kakao tahan hama dan penyakit. Penemuan marka DNA dan gen/quantitative trait loci (QTL) kakao berkembang cukup pesat. Banyak gen dan QTL karakter penting telah diidentifikasi yang terkait ketahanan hama dan penyakit serta produktivitas tanaman. Teknologi genomika dan pemanfaatan teknik marker-assisted selection (MAS) juga telah diaplikasikan untuk pemuliaan kakao termasuk untuk karakter ketahanan terhadap hama dan penyakit. Teknologi rekayasa genetik telah diteliti untuk menganalisis potensi pemanfaatannya dalam perbaikan bahan tanam kakao. Dengan berkembangnya teknologi genomika modern, penemuan gen/QTL unggul dapat dipercepat, lebih efisien dan komprehensif untuk mempercepat perakitan varietas unggul kakao tahan hama dan penyakit. Teknologi DNA khususnya MAS dan pemuliaan berbasis data genom siap diaplikasikan untuk mendukung program perbaikan ketahanan tanaman kakao terhadap hama dan penyakit utama dalam rangka peningkatan produktivitas dan mutu kakao nasional.

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