High Genetic Diversity of Shorea acuminata Dyer in the Rehabilitated Area of a Degraded Lowland Dipterocarp Tropical Rainforest

The United Nation’s Decade on Ecosystem Restoration 2021–2030 aims to halt ecosystem degradation to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. In Malaysia, the concept of sustainable forest management (SFM) has been practiced since 1901. In this study, we evaluated the genetic diversity of the native dipterocarp timber tree Shorea acuminata in a rehabilitated area at Kenaboi Forest Reserve (Kenaboi FR). The rehabilitated area was formerly a degraded forest managed with the taungya restoration system for 50 years. All trees with diameter at breast height (DBH) of 5 cm and over were measured, tagged and identified in a one-hectare study plot. A total of 132 inner bark samples were collected for DNA extraction. Four SSR markers (Sle280, Sle392, Sle475 and Sle566) and two EST-SSR markers (SleE07 and SleE16) were used to analyse 95 good-quality DNA samples. Genetic diversity parameters including maternal contribution were determined for 75 samples. The genetic diversity of big trees (He = 0.656 ± 0.19) and small trees (He = 0.652 ± 0.17) were high and both were in genetic equilibrium, with Fis values of the big trees being 0.035 and small trees being 0.164. Clustering analysis based on Jaccard’s similarity values (at 95% confidence level) confirmed that big trees in the Kenaboi FR rehabilitated area had originated from genetically diverse seed trees of the Sungai Menyala Forest Reserve which were used as the planting stock for the taungya restoration system. Maternal contribution showed that the allele contribution of the small trees came from the planted S. acuminata trees within the study area. The high genetic diversity of small trees in this study provides strong evidence that the existing big trees would be suitable for a genetically diverse seed collection to rehabilitate other degraded forests. Sustainable forest management must emphasise genetic diversity in order to ensure the resilience of rehabilitated forest ecosystems.

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Making the Case for Reforms of Forestry Policy and Law: Lessons and Experiences from Nigeria

Environmental Policy and Law ◽

10.3233/epl-201004 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Bola Fajemirokun

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Forest Management ◽

Sustainable Management ◽

Sustainable Development Goals ◽

Sustainable Forest Management ◽

Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽

Forestry Policy ◽

2030 Agenda ◽

Forestry Sector ◽

Development Goals

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development incorporates 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Goal 15 (SDG 15) focuses on terrestrial ecosystems. Regarding forests, it sets targets requiring signatories to promote the implementation of the sustainable management of all types of forests by 2020 and further mobilize significant resources from all sources to achieve sustainable forest management. The United Nations Strategic Plan for Forests 2017 – 2030 advances the vision of SDG 15. Nigeria’s high demographic growth rate has led to the surging demand for land to support settlements and farming. Coupled with extensive illegal or uncontrolled logging, the annual forest net loss of 5% is one of the highest rates globally in percentage terms. This paper is a critical analysis of the policy-law interface of the forestry sector in Nigeria. It examines the country’s trajectory or state of preparedness for sustainable forest management, and it concludes that forestry policy and law in Nigeria must undergo urgent reforms so that the forest commitments such as those under SDG 15 and other regional and global instruments can be ultimately achieved.

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New gSSR and EST-SSR markers reveal high genetic diversity in the invasive plant Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. and can be transferred to other invasive Ambrosia species

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0176197 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. e0176197 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Lucie Meyer ◽

Romain Causse ◽

Fanny Pernin ◽

Romain Scalone ◽

Géraldine Bailly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Ssr Markers ◽

Invasive Plant ◽

Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽

High Genetic Diversity

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Analysis of genetic diversity and population structure in Asparagus species using SSR markers

Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology ◽

10.1186/s43141-020-00065-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Manish Kapoor ◽

Pooja Mawal ◽

Vikas Sharma ◽

Raghbir Chand Gupta

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Ssr Markers ◽

Mean Value ◽

Discrete Groups ◽

Base Pairs ◽

High Genetic Diversity ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries ◽

Improvement Programs ◽

Northwest India ◽

Simple Sequence

Abstract Background Various Asparagus species constitute the significant vegetable and medicinal genetic resource throughout the world. Asparagus species serve as important commodity of food and pharmaceutical industries in India. A diverse collection of Asparagus species from different localities of Northwest India was investigated for its genetic diversity using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Results Polymorphic SSR markers revealed high genetic diversity. Primer SSR-15 amplified maximum of 8 fragments while 3 primers, namely, SSR-43, SSR-63, and AGA1 amplified minimum of 3 fragments. Collectively, 122 alleles were amplified in a range between 3 and 8 with an average of 5 alleles per marker. The size of the amplified alleles ranged between 90 and 680 base pairs. Polymorphism information content (PIC) value varied from a highest value of 0.499 in primer AGA1 to a lowest value of 0.231 in primer SSR-63 with a mean value of 0.376 showing considerable SSR polymorphism. Dendrogram developed on the basis of Jaccard’s similarity coefficient and neighbor-joining tree segregated all the studied Asparagus species into two discrete groups. Structure analysis based on Bayesian clustering allocated different accessions to two independent clusters and exhibited low level of individual admixture. Conclusions The genetic diversity analysis showed a conservative genetic background for maximum species of asparagus. Only Accessions of Asparagus adscendens were split into two diverse clusters suggesting a wide genetic base of this species as compared to other species. Overall genetic diversity was high, and this germplasm of Asparagus can be used in future improvement programs. The findings of current research on Asparagus germplasm can make a momentous contribution to initiatives of interbreeding, conservation, and improvement of Asparagus in future.

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Development of Microsatellite Markers Derived from Expressed Sequence Tags of Polyporales for Genetic Diversity Analysis of EndangeredPolyporus umbellatus

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/941357 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yuejin Zhang ◽

Yuanyuan Chen ◽

Ruihong Wang ◽

Ailin Zeng ◽

Michael K. Deyholos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Ssr Markers ◽

Expressed Sequence Tags ◽

Large Scale ◽

Gene Diversity ◽

High Genetic Diversity ◽

Information Index ◽

Polyporus Umbellatus ◽

Ssr Primers ◽

Expressed Sequence

A large scale of EST sequences of Polyporales was screened in this investigation in order to identify EST-SSR markers for various applications. The distribution of EST sequences and SSRs in five families of Polyporales was analyzed, respectively. Mononucleotide was the most abundant type, followed by trinucleotide. Among five families, Ganodermataceae occupied the most SSR markers, followed by Coriolaceae. Functional prediction of SSR marker-containing EST sequences inGanoderma lucidumobtained three main groups, namely, cellular component, biological process, and molecular function. Thirty EST-SSR primers were designed to evaluate the genetic diversity of 13 naturalPolyporus umbellatusaccessions. Twenty one EST-SSRs were polymorphic with average PIC value of 0.33 and transferability rate of 71%. These 13P.umbellatusaccessions showed relatively high genetic diversity. The expected heterozygosity, Nei’s gene diversity, and Shannon information index were 0.41, 0.39, and 0.57, respectively. Both UPGMA dendrogram and principal coordinate analysis (PCA) showed the same cluster result that divided the 13 accessions into three or four groups.

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Molecular Assessment of Genetic Diversity among Egyptian Landraces of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Using Microsatellite Markers

Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ◽

10.9734/ajbgmb/2020/v3i430094 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 46-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ahmed Medhat Mohamed Al-Naggar ◽

Mohamed Abd El-Maboud Abd El-Shafi ◽

Mohamed Helmy El-Shal ◽

Ali Hassan Anany

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Microsatellite Markers ◽

Ssr Markers ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Genetic Progress ◽

High Genetic Diversity ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

High Polymorphism Information Content ◽

Wheat Landraces

To increase the genetic progress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield, breeders search for germplasm of high genetic diversity, one of them is the landraces. The present study aimed at evaluating genetic diversity of 20 Egyptian wheat landraces and two cultivars using microsatellite markers (SSRs). Ten SSR markers amplified a total of 27 alleles in the set of 22 wheat accessions, of which 23 alleles (85.2%) were polymorphic. The majority of the markers showed high polymorphism information content (PIC) values (0.67-0.94), indicating the diverse nature of the wheat accessions and/or highly informative SSR markers used in this study. The genotyping data of the SSR markers were used to assess genetic variation in the wheat accessions by dendrogram. The highest genetic distance was found between G21 (Sakha 64; an Egyptian cultivar) and the landrace accession No. 9120 (G11). These two genotypes could be used as parents in a hybridization program followed by selection in the segregating generations, to identify some transgressive segregates of higher grain yield than both parents. The clustering assigned the wheat genotypes into four groups based on SSR markers. The results showed that the studied SSR markers, provided sufficient polymorphism and reproducible fingerprinting profiles for evaluating genetic diversity of wheat landraces. The analyzed wheat landraces showed a good level of genetic diversity at the molecular level. Molecular variation evaluated in this study of wheat landraces can be useful in traditional and molecular breeding programs.

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Assessment of Genetic Diversity and Population Genetic Structure of Santalum album L. in India by Genic and Genomic SSR markers

10.1101/2021.05.28.446175 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tanzeem Fatima ◽

Ashutosh Srivastava ◽

Vageeshbabu S Hanur ◽

M. Srinivasa Rao

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Differentiation ◽

Ssr Markers ◽

Germplasm Conservation ◽

Principal Component ◽

Santalum Album ◽

High Genetic Diversity ◽

Information Index ◽

Genomic Ssr ◽

Santalum Album L

Sandalwood (Santalum album L.) is highly valued aromatic tropical tree. It is known for its high quality heartwood and oil. In this study 39 genic and genomic SSR markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity and population structure of 177 S. album accessions from 14 populations of three states in India. High genetic diversity was observed in terms of number of alleles 127 expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0.63-0.87 and the average PIC was 0.85. The selected population had relatively high genetic diversity with Shannons information index (I) >1.0. 0.02 mean coefficient of genetic differentiation (FST) and 10.55 gene flow were observed. AMOVA revealed that 92% of the variation observed within individuals. Based on cluster and Structure result individuals were not clustered as per their geographical origin. Furthermore the clusters were clearly distinguished by principal component analysis analysis and the result revealed that PC1 reflected the moderate contribution in genetic variation (6%) followed by PC2 (5.5%). From this study, high genetic diversity and genetic differentiation was found in S. album populations. The genetic diversity information of S. album populations can be used for selection of superior genotypes and germplasm conservation to promote the tree improvement of S. album populations.

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Characterization of Indian Mustard Germplasm on the Basis of Morphological Traits and SSR Markers

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2020/v39i4831234 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 300-311

Author(s):

Narendra Singh Rajpoot ◽

M. K. Tripathi ◽

Sushma Tiwari ◽

R. S. Tomar ◽

V. S. Kandalkar

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Ssr Markers ◽

Morphological Traits ◽

Indian Mustard ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

High Genetic Diversity ◽

Average Value ◽

Seed Crops ◽

High Degree

The genus Brassica is one of the most important oil seed crops in India with high degree of genetic diversity. In present study, genetic diversity was studied in forty germplasm lines and eight cultivars of Indian mustard using morphological traits and SSR markers. Morphological characters were taken for days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), length of main raceme (cm), number of primary branches/plant, number of secondary branches/plant, number of silique per plant, number of seeds per silique, 1000 seed weight (g) and seed yield per plant (g). Total 50 SSR markers were used for characterization of these lines, out of which 7 SSR markers were highly polymorphic between all the germplasms of mustard. An UPGMA phonogram was constructed for all 48 Germplasms and the similarity coefficient ranged from 0.00 to 0.91. Number of alleles ranged from 3 to 4, genetic diversity ranged from 71% to 65% with average value of 67%, heterozygosity raged from 20 to 10% with average of 12% and PIC value for markers ranged from 0.65 to 0.59 with mean PIC value 0.61. All seven SSR primers showed PIC value above 0.5 (50%) indicating high genetic diversity in the studied plant material.

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Genetic diversity of Ethiopian cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott) accessions as revealed by morphological traits and SSR markers

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0245120 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. e0245120

Author(s):

Eyasu Wada ◽

Tileye Feyissa ◽

Kassahun Tesfaye ◽

Zemede Asfaw ◽

Daniel Potter

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Ssr Markers ◽

Significant Variation ◽

Morphological Traits ◽

Quantitative Traits ◽

Taxonomic Status ◽

High Genetic Diversity ◽

Xanthosoma Sagittifolium ◽

Ssr Loci ◽

Multiple Routes

Cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott) is an exotic species from tropical America that is widely cultivated in Ethiopia for its edible cormels and leaves. There is a dearth of information on the genetic diversity of Ethiopian cocoyam. In order to evaluate and select cocoyam germplasm for breeding and conservation, genetic diversity of 100 Ethiopian cocoyam accessions (65 green- and 35 purple- cocoyam) were analyzed using 29 morphological traits (16 qualitative and 13 quantitative) and 12 SSR loci. Two classes of qualitative traits were observed. ANOVA revealed significant variation in 11 (84.6%) of the 13 studied quantitative traits. The SSR marker analysis showed high genetic diversity. A total of 36 alleles were detected with a range of 2 to 5 (average of 3.273) alleles per locus. The average observed heterozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) values across populations were 0.503 and 0.443, respectively. The analysis of molecular variance showed that the variation among populations, among individuals within populations, and within individuals explained 14%, 18%, and 68% of the total variation, respectively. Cluster analysis grouped the accessions irrespective of the collection sites. A dendrogram based on Nei’s standard genetic distance grouped the green cocoyam accessions together while the purple cocoyam accessions occupied a separate position within the dendrogram. Significant variation in quantitative traits and the high level of genetic diversity revealed by the SSR markers suggest that diverse cocoyam accessions, probably with multiple lineage, were introduced multiple times, through multiple routes and probably by multiple agents, an hypothesis that needs futher testing and analyis. The crop, therefore, needs more research efforts commensurate with its economic and social values than it has been accorded thus far. Further study is recommended to clarify the taxonomic status of Ethiopian cocoyam accesions and to trace their evolutionary relationships with Xanthosoma species elsewhere.

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Exploring the Genetic Diversity of Some Squash (Cucurbita Maxima L.) Germplasm Using Morphological and Molecular Markers in Erzincan

10.21203/rs.3.rs-848708/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

HALIL IBRAHIM OZTURK ◽

Veysel Dönderalp ◽

Hüseyin Bulut ◽

Recep Korkut ◽

Arash HOSSEINPOUR ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Resources ◽

Ssr Markers ◽

Molecular Level ◽

Polymorphic Information Content ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

Cucurbita Maxima ◽

High Genetic Diversity ◽

The Mean

Abstract Background Plant genetic resources constitute the most valuable assets of countries. It is of great importance to determine the genetic variation among these resources and to use the data in breeding studies. Cucurbita maxima species in the cucurbitaceae family have high genetic diversity, but its genetic diversity at the molecular level is inadequately characterized. Methods and Results To determine the genetic diversity among genotypes of Cucurbita maxima species of squash, which is widely grown in Erzincan, 14 different squash genotypes collected were examined based on the morphological parameters and molecular characteristics. SSR (Simple sequence repeat) markers were used to determine genetic diversity at the molecular level. The analysis of morphological characterization within genotypes showed a wide variability in morphological traits of plant, flower, fruit, and leaf. Seven SSR markers yielded a total of 23 polymorphic bands, the number of alleles per marker ranged from 2 to 5, and the mean number of alleles was 3.286. Polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.00 (GMT-M61) to 0.202 (GMT-P25), and the mean PIC value per marker was 0.130. Cluster analysis using Nei's genetic distance determined that 14 genotypes were divided into 3 major groups. Conclusions The SSR markers used were effective in distinguish among similar winter squash or pumpkin and therefore can be beneficial for consideration of Cucurbita maxima species diversity, screening of genetic resources and their selection.

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25 Years of Criteria and Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management: How Intergovernmental C&I Processes Have Made a Difference

Forests ◽

10.3390/f9090578 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 578 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Stefanie Linser ◽

Bernhard Wolfslehner ◽

Simon Bridge ◽

David Gritten ◽

Steven Johnson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Forest Management ◽

Sustainable Development Goals ◽

Management Practices ◽

Sustainable Forest Management ◽

Forest Degradation ◽

Criteria And Indicators ◽

The Earth ◽

History Of ◽

Development Goals ◽

Evidence Based Decision Making

Growing concern about forest degradation and loss, combined with the political impetus supplied by the Earth Summit in 1992, led to the establishment of eleven intergovernmental, regional, and international forest-related processes focused on the use of criteria and indicators (C&I) for sustainable forest management (SFM). Up to 171 countries have participated in these processes to apply C&I frameworks as a tool for data collection, monitoring, assessment, and reporting on SFM and on achieving various forest-related UN Sustainable Development Goals. Based on an expert survey and literature analysis we identify six interlinked impact domains of C&I efforts: (1) enhanced discourse and understanding of SFM; (2) shaped and focused engagement of science in SFM; (3) improved monitoring and reporting on SFM to facilitate transparency and evidence-based decision-making; (4) strengthened forest management practices; (5) facilitated assessment of progress towards SFM goals; and (6) improved forest-related dialog and communication. We conclude that the 25-year history of C&I work in forestry has had significant positive impacts, though challenges do remain for the implementation of C&I and progress towards SFM. The work should be continued and carried over to other sectors to advance sustainability goals more broadly.

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