scholarly journals Birds and the Fire Cycle in a Resilient Mediterranean Forest: Is There Any Baseline?

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1644
Author(s):  
Roger Prodon
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Mediterranean Ecosystem ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Fire Cycle ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
Transect Counts ◽  
Cork Oak Forest ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the effects of recurrent wildfires on the resilience of a typical Mediterranean ecosystem. It is based on uninterrupted monitoring over 42 years of the avifauna in a cork oak forest that burned three times during this time interval. The monitoring involved two line-transect counts in spring accompanied by the simultaneous and independent estimation of the vegetation cover profile. One of the two transects was initially designed to serve as an unburned control before it also burned during the second fire. Many forest bird species were already present from the first spring postfire due to the rapid regeneration of the canopy. Some open-habitat bird species colonized the burned area during the first 2–4 years after the fire, resulting in an initial phase of high diversity. The postfire bird succession was mainly driven by sedentary species that recolonized the burned area after the first winter, whereas most migratory species present before the fire resettled as early as the first postfire spring, probably because of site tenacity. It was found that the impact of the second fire on avifauna was lower than that of the first or third fire. The return to an avifauna and forest structure successionally equivalent to the prefire control was achieved in about 15 years, which can be considered as the recovery time. Afterwards, both vegetation and avifauna in the burned areas tended to take on more forest characteristics than in the prefire control. These findings suggest that: (i) the recurrence of fire does not necessarily result in the cumulative degradation of the ecosystem at each repetition; (ii) the asymptotic resilience model is not adapted to the case of disturbances in non-mature environments; (iii) the notion of returning to an original undisturbed baseline is illusive in an area that has been under continuous human influence since ancient times.

The helminth community of the wood mouseApodemus sylvaticusin a Mediterranean ecosystem in regeneration ten years after a wildfire

2009 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.V. Fuentes ◽  
S. Sainz-Elipe ◽  
S. Sáez-Durán ◽  
M.T. Galán-Puchades
Keyword(s):  
Population Biology ◽  
Previous Analysis ◽  
Wood Mouse ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Mediterranean Ecosystem ◽  
Helminth Community ◽  
Environmental Disaster ◽  
Natural Park ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis study was carried out 10 years after a wildfire in the Spanish Serra Calderona Natural Park, following a previous analysis comprising the first 5 years after the fire. Its primary aim was to elucidate the impact of this perturbation on the population biology of the wood mouseApodemus sylvaticus, and the repercussions on its helminth community in this regenerating Mediterranean ecosystem. Second, confirmation of the ability of the parasites to tolerate environmental stressors and the effects on their transmission strategies was sought. Five hundred and sixty-four individuals ofA. sylvaticuswere studied in a 9-year period, from the second to the tenth post-fire year: 408 mice from the burned area and 156 from the control – non-burned – area. The helminth community for both areas and the effect of intrinsic (host age and sex) and extrinsic (site, period and year of capture) factors on helminth prevalence, abundance and diversity, and species richness were analysed. Our findings show that, after an environmental disaster, the behaviour of helminth species might be related to their pre-catastrophe presence, their biological cycles, the host's immunological condition, the change of host dynamics, the direct effects of the perturbation, and the processes related to the re-establishment of the ecological balance of a devastated ecosystem.

scholarly journals Mapping Burned Areas in a Mediterranean Environment Using Soft Integration of Spectral Indices from High-Resolution Satellite Images

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirco Boschetti ◽  
Daniela Stroppiana ◽  
Pietro Alessandro Brivio
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Mediterranean Ecosystem ◽  
Commission Error ◽  
Spectral Indices ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
High Resolution Satellite Images

Abstract This article presents a new method for burned area mapping using high-resolution satellite images in the Mediterranean ecosystem. In such a complex environment, high-resolution satellite images represent an appropriate data source for identifying fire-affected areas, and single postfire data are often the only available source of information. The method proposed here integrates several spectral indices into a fuzzy synthetic indicator of likelihood of burn. The indices are interpreted through fuzzy membership functions that have been derived with a partially data-driven approach exploiting training data and expert knowledge. The final map of fire-affected areas is produced by applying a region growing algorithm on the basis of seed pixels selected on a conservative threshold of the synthetic fuzzy score. The algorithm has been developed and tested on a set of Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) scenes acquired over Southern Italy. Validation showed that the accuracy of the burned area maps is comparable or even better [overall accuracy (OA) > 90%, K > 0.76] than that obtained with approaches based on single index thresholds adapted to each image. The method described here provides an automatic approach for mapping fire-affected areas with very few false alarms (low commission error), whereas omission errors are mainly related to undetected small burned areas and are located in heterogeneous sparse vegetation cover.

scholarly journals Edge effects and the impact of wildfires on populations of small non-volant mammals in the forest-savanna transition zone in Southern Amazonia

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Mendes-Oliveira ◽  
Paulo Guilherme Pinheiro dos Santos ◽  
Oswaldo de Carvalho-Júnior ◽  
Luciano Fogaça de Assis Montag ◽  
Renata Cecília Soares de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Edge Effects ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
Line Transects ◽  
Southern Amazonia ◽  
The Impact

The impact of fire and edge effects on the community of small non-volant mammals was investigated in transitional Amazon forest within a matrix of soybean plantations. The animals were live trapped on 24 line transects, of which 16 were distributed in unburned areas and 8 in a burned area. A total of 11 species was recorded, including six rodents and five marsupials. The abundance and richness of small mammals appeared to decrease in burned areas, although this impact appeared to mask edge effects. In the absence of fire impacts, a positive relationship was found between mammal abundance and the distance from the forest edge. The impact of the edge effect on the diversity of small mammals appears to be influenced by the type of anthropogenic matrix and the ecological characteristics of the different species.

scholarly journals Increased Peatland Nutrient Availability Following the Fort McMurray Horse River Wildfire

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beest ◽  
Petrone ◽  
Nwaishi ◽  
Waddington ◽  
Macrae
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Limitation ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Fire Disturbance ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
P Limitation ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

Northern peatlands are experiencing increased wildfire disturbance, threatening peatland biogeochemical function and ability to remain major stores of carbon (C) and macronutrients (nitrogen—N, and phosphorus—P). The impacts of climate change-driven drying on peatland nutrient dynamics have been explored previously; however, the impacts of wildfire on nutrient dynamics have not been examined when comparing burned and unburned areas in a post-fire fen. This study assessed the impact of wildfire on N and P bioavailability, change in CNP stoichiometric balance and feedback on plant nutrient limitation patterns in a fen peatland, one-year post-wildfire, by comparing Burned and Unburned areas. Water extractable P increased up to 200 times in shallow leachate, 125 times in groundwater and 5 times in peat. Surface ash leachate had increased concentrations in Ammonium (NH4+) and Nitrate (NO3−), and through groundwater mobility, increased extractable N concentrations were observed in peat throughout the entire fen. The net mineralization of N and P were minimal at the Burned areas relative to Unburned areas. Fire affected plant nutrient limitation patterns, switching from dominantly N-limited to NP co-limited and P-limitation in moss and vascular species respectively. The top 20 cm of the Burned area C concentrations was higher relative to the Unburned area, with increased CN and CP ratios also being found in the Burned area. These findings suggest that the long-term effects of elevated C, N, and P concentrations on plant productivity and decomposition must be re-evaluated for fire disturbance to understand the resiliency of peatland biogeochemistry post-wildfire.

scholarly journals Exploring the Potential of Sentinels-1 & 2 of the Copernicus Mission in Support of Rapid and Cost-effective Wildfire Assessment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander R. Brown ◽  
George Petropoulos ◽  
Konstantinos P. Ferentinos
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Wildland Fire ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Mediterranean Ecosystem ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Svm Classifier ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Burnt Area ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sentinel 2

The present study explores the use of the recently launched Sentinel-1 and -2 data of the Copernicus mission in wildfire mapping with a particular focus on retrieving information on burnt area, burning severity as well as in quantifying changes in soil erosion. As study area, the Sierra del Gata wildfire, occurred in Spain during the summer of 2015 was selected. First, diverse image processing algorithms for burnt area extraction from Sentinel-2 data were evaluated. In the next step, burning severity maps were derived from Sentinel-2 data alone, and the synergy between Sentinel-2 & Sentinel-1 for this purpose was evaluated. Finally, the impact of the wildfire to soil erodibility estimates derived from the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model implemented to the available Sentinel images was explored. In overall, the Support Vector Machines (SVM) classifier obtained the most accurate burned area mapping, with a derived accuracy of 99.38%. An object-based SVM classification using as input both optical and radar data was the most effective approach of delineating burn severity, achieving an overall accuracy of 92.97%. Soil erosion mapping predictions allowed quantifying the impact of wildfire to soil erosion at the studied site, suggesting the method could be potentially of a wider use. Our results contribute to the understanding of wildland fire dynamics in the context of the Mediterranean ecosystem, demonstrating the usefulness of Sentinels and their derived products in wildfire mapping and assessment.

scholarly journals The helminth community of the Mediterranean mouse, Mus spretus, in a post-fire regenerated Mediterranean ecosystem

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sainz-Elipe ◽  
M. Galán-Puchades ◽  
M. Fuentes
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Ecosystems ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Mediterranean Ecosystem ◽  
Helminth Community ◽  
Mus Spretus ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
Natural Park ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Syphacia Obvelata

AbstractThe helminth community of the Mediterranean mouse, Mus spretus, was analysed in a post-fire regenerated Mediterranean ecosystem. The study was carried out in the Spanish Natural Park of the Serra Calderona and comprised a 13 year period, from the 2nd to the 14th year after a wildfire. A total of 121 host individuals was analysed, 66 mice from the burned area and 55 from the non-burned area used as control. The results show a helminth community consisting of 10 helminth species, characterised by low diversity, with Syphacia obvelata as the only dominant helminth species. The helminth infracommunity, determined by its origin of capture, burned or non-burned areas, shows some significant differences. It is concluded that the helminth community of the Mediterranean mouse could be considered as a potential biological tag of the post-fire regeneration in Mediterranean ecosystems and therefore might explain some of the changes occurring and their repercussions in perturbed areas.

scholarly journals Exploring the Potential of Sentinels-1 & 2 of the Copernicus Mission in Support of Rapid and Cost-effective Wildfire Assessment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander R. Brown ◽  
George Petropoulos ◽  
Konstantinos P. Ferentinos
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Wildland Fire ◽  
Burn Severity ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Mediterranean Ecosystem ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Burnt Area ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sentinel 2

The present study explores the use of the recently launched Sentinel-1 and -2 data of the Copernicus mission inwildfire mapping with a particular focus on retrieving information on burnt area, burn severity as well as inquantifying soil erosion changes. As study area, the Sierra del Gata wildfire occurred in Spain during the summerof 2015 was selected. First, diverse image processing algorithms for burnt area extraction from Sentinel-2 datawere evaluated. In the next step, burn severity maps were derived from Sentinel-2 data alone, and the synergybetween Sentinel-2 & Sentinel-1 for this purpose was evaluated. Finally, the impact of the wildfire to soilerodibility estimates derived from the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model implemented to theacquired Sentinel images was explored. In overall, the Support Vector Machines (SVMs) classifier obtained themost accurate burned area mapping, with a derived accuracy of 99.38%. An object-based SVMs classificationusing as input both optical and radar data was the most effective approach of delineating burn severity,achieving an overall accuracy of 92.97%. Soil erosion mapping predictions allowed quantifying the impact ofwildfire to soil erosion at the studied site, suggesting the method could be potentially of a wider use. Our resultscontribute to the understanding of wildland fire dynamics in the context of the Mediterranean ecosystem, demonstratingthe usefulness of Sentinels and of their derived products in wildfire mapping and assessment.

scholarly journals Impact of Fires on Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) and Priority Bird Species for Conservation in Bolivia

Fire ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Oswaldo Maillard ◽  
Sebastian K. Herzog ◽  
Rodrigo W. Soria-Auza ◽  
Roberto Vides-Almonacid
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
Anthropogenic Fires ◽  
Del Rio ◽  
The Impact

Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) are sites that contribute significantly to the protection of the planet’s biodiversity. In this study, we evaluated the annual burned areas and the intensity of the fires that affected Bolivia and its 58 KBAs (23.3 million ha) over the last 20 years (2001–2020). In particular, we analyzed the impact of wildfires on the distribution of Bolivian birds at the levels of overall species richness, endemic species and threatened species (Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable). We found that at the KBA level, the cumulative area of wildfires was 21.6 million ha, while the absolute area impacted was 5.6 million ha. The KBAs most affected by the wildfires are located in the departments of Beni and Santa Cruz; mainly in the KBAs Área Natural de Manejo Integrado San Matías, Oeste del río Mamoré, Este del río Mamoré, Noel Kempff Mercado and Área Natural de Manejo Integrado Otuquis. The wildfires impacted the distribution of 54 threatened species and 15 endemic species in the KBAs. Based on the results of this study, it is a priority to communicate to Bolivian government authorities the importance of KBAs as a strategy for the conservation of the country’s biodiversity and the threats resulting from anthropogenic fires.

PROFIL KERAGAMAN VEGETASI EKOSISTEM MANGROVE DI DESA TAMUKU KABUPATEN LUWU UTARA

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Suhendra Purnawan ◽  
Subari Yanto ◽  
Ernawati S.Kaseng
Keyword(s):  
Survey Methods ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Vegetation Diversity ◽  
Line Transect Survey ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Mangrove Vegetation ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to describe the profile of vegetation diversity in the mangrove ecosystem in Tamuku Village, Bone-Bone-Bone District, North Luwu Regency. This research is a qualitative research using survey methods. The data collection technique uses the Quadrant Line Transect Survey technique. The data analysis technique uses the thinking flow which is divided into three stages, namely describing phenomena, classifying them, and seeing how the concepts that emerge are related to each other. The results of this study are the profile of mangrove vegetation in Tamuku Village, which is still found 16 varieties of true mangrove vegetation and 7 varieties of mangrove vegetation joined in the coastal area of Tamuku Village, Bone-Bone District, North Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi. The condition of mangrove vegetation in Tamuku Village is currently very worrying due to human activities that cause damage such as the project of normalization of flow, opening of new farms, disposal of garbage, water pollution due to chemicals, and exploitation of mangrove forests for living needs. The impact is ecosystem damage and reduced vegetation area as a place to grow and develop mangroves.

scholarly journals Time-to-Treatment in Oral Cancer: Causes and Implications for Survival

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1321
Author(s):  
Constanza Saka-Herrán ◽  
Enric Jané-Salas ◽  
Antoni Mari-Roig ◽  
Albert Estrugo-Devesa ◽  
José López-López
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

The purpose of this review was to identify and describe the causes that influence the time-intervals in the pathway of diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer and to assess its impact on prognosis and survival. The review was structured according to the recommendations of the Aarhus statement, considering original data from individual studies and systematic reviews that reported outcomes related to the patient, diagnostic and pre-treatment intervals. The patient interval is the major contributor to the total time-interval. Unawareness of signs and/or symptoms, denial and lack of knowledge about oral cancer are the major contributors to the process of seeking medical attention. The diagnostic interval is influenced by tumor factors, delays in referral due to higher number of consultations and previous treatment with different medicines or dental procedures and by professional factors such as experience and lack of knowledge related to the disease and diagnostic procedures. Patients with advanced stage disease, primary treatment with radiotherapy, treatment at an academic facility and transitions in care are associated with prolonged pre-treatment intervals. An emerging body of evidence supports the impact of prolonged pre-treatment and treatment intervals with poorer survival from oral cancer.

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