scholarly journals Variation in Wood Quality in White Spruce (Picea Glauca (Moench) Voss). Part I. Defining the Juvenile–Mature Wood Transition Based on Tracheid Length

Forests ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 183-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyriac Mvolo ◽  
Ahmed Koubaa ◽  
Jean Beaulieu ◽  
Alain Cloutier ◽  
Marc Mazerolle
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Tracheid Length

Drainage Effect on Growth and Wood Quality of Some Bog Grown Trees in Alberta

1985 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 489-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene I. C. Wang ◽  
Michael M. Micko ◽  
Ted Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Relative Density ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Length Variation ◽  
Tracheid Length ◽  
End Use ◽  
Drainage Effect

Growth rate, wood relative density and tracheid length variation were examined for three species: black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.), white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), and tamarack (Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch), from two drained wetland sites of north-central Alberta. Increased rates in radial and volume growths were noted for tamarack, white spruce and to a lesser extent, black spruce. The increases were particularly remarkable in younger trees. Accompanying the rapid growth, wood relative density and tracheid length tend to decrease after drainage, at least for a period of several years. In certain trees, the marked decreases in wood relative density might affect the end use of the trees. Key words: drainage, radial growth, volume growth, wood relative density, tracheid length.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Correlations among Growth and Selected Wood Properties in White Spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) †

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyriac S. Mvolo ◽  
Ahmed Koubaa ◽  
Jean Beaulieu ◽  
Alain Cloutier ◽  
Maurice Defo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Ring Density ◽  
Tracheid Length ◽  
Latewood Density ◽  
Anatomical Properties

We examined phenotypic relationships among radial growth-related, physical (i.e., related to wood density), and anatomical (i.e., related to tracheid dimensions) wood properties in white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), in order to determine the strength and significance of their correlations. Additionally, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to establish if all of the properties must be measured and to determine the key properties that can be used as proxies for the other variables. Radial growth-related and physical properties were measured with an X-ray densitometer, while anatomical properties were measured with a Fiber Quality Analyzer. Fifteen wood properties (tracheid length (TL) and diameter (TD), earlywood tracheid length (ETL) and diameter (ETD), latewood tracheid length (LTL) and diameter (LTD), ring width (RW), ring area (RA), earlywood width (EWW), latewood width (LWW), latewood proportion (LWP), ring density (RD), intra-ring density variation, earlywood density (EWD), and latewood density (LWD)) were assessed. Relationships were evaluated at intra-ring and inter-ring levels in the juvenile wood (JW) and mature wood (MW) zones. Except for a few cases when mature tracheid diameter (TD) was involved, all intra-ring anatomical properties were highly and significantly correlated. Radial growth properties were correlated, with stronger relationships in MW compared to JW. Physical properties were often positively and significantly correlated in both JW and MW. A higher earlywood density coupled with a lower latewood density favored wood uniformity, i.e., the homogeneity of ring density within a growth ring. Managing plantations to suppress trees growth during JW formation, and enhancing radial growth when MW formation starts will favor overall wood quality. In order, RW-EWW-RA, TL-ETL-LTL, and RD-EWD-LWP are the three clusters that appeared in the three wood zones, the whole pith-to-bark radial section, the juvenile wood zone, and the mature wood zone.

PREDICTION OF TRACHEID LENGTH AND DIAMETER IN WHITE SPRUCE (PICEA GLAUCA)

IAWA Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyriac S. Mvolo ◽  
Ahmed Koubaa ◽  
Maurice Defo ◽  
Jean Beaulieu ◽  
Martin-Claude Yemele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Tracheid Length ◽  
Cambial Age ◽  
Longitudinal Variations ◽  
Whole Tree

The establishment of patterns of radial and longitudinal variations and the development of models to predict the wood anatomical properties, especially from juvenile wood, are of interest for both wood industry and researchers. Linear regressions were used to predict whole-tree, breast height and mature tracheid length and diameter in white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and the WBE model was used to predict the variation of tracheid diameter. Tracheid length and diameter increased from pith to bark. Tracheid length decreased, while tracheid diameter increased from apex to lower heights. Cambial age was the most important predictor of tracheid length. The final tracheid length models with either a log transformation or a third-order polynomial of cambial age explained 82% of the variation in the whole-tree tracheid length. At breast height, 83% of the variation in the whole tracheid length was explained using the juvenile value at a cambial age of 3 years. Up to 87% of the variation was explained by the model, including the average value of juvenile wood. However, mature wood tracheid length at breast height could not be predicted from juvenile wood. Distance from the apex predicted the tracheid widening in outer rings but failed to predict tracheid expansion of samples collected at fixed cambial ages. The WBE explained 86% of conduit widening in the outer rings. The sampling strategy, i.e. collecting samples longitudinally at a fixed cambial age vs. at a fixed calendar year is important in predicting tracheid diameter.

Specific gravity and tracheid length variation of white spruce in Alberta

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred W. Taylor ◽  
Eugene I. C. Wang ◽  
Alvin Yanchuk ◽  
Michael M. Micko
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Length Variation ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Tracheid Length ◽  
Variation Patterns ◽  
Complex Variation ◽  
Unusual Finding

Specific gravity and tracheid lengths were measured for increment cores from 10 trees in each of four selected white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) stands in Alberta. The data show large specific gravity differences among sample stands and from tree to tree within stands. Longer tracheids were found in mature wood of trees grown in the more northern stands sampled. A few trees were intensively examined to determine the variation of properties within the stem. The complex variation patterns from pith to bark and stump to crown are reported with comments on the importance of these variation patterns to breeding programs for the improvement of the wood properties. A somewhat unusual finding was that white spruce produces wood in top logs that is of equal or greater specific gravity and tracheid length than wood produced in butt logs.

Climate, location, and growth relationships with wood stiffness at the site, tree, and ring levels in white spruce (Picea glauca) in the Boreal Plains ecozone

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1235-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek F. Sattler ◽  
James D. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Radial Profile ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Boreal Plains

We examined modulus of elasticity (MoE) derived from SilviScan in white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) at the site, tree, and ring levels across the Boreal Plains ecozone in Canada. Area-weighted averages of MoE were calculated for juvenile and mature wood and were examined in relation to radial growth, climate, and location. Correlations indicated that there was a negative relationship between radial growth and MoE in the juvenile wood that was detectable at the site and tree levels; however, the relationship weakened in the mature wood, particularly at the site level. Few climate variables were correlated with MoE in juvenile wood, whereas multiple summer and fall climate variables showed a significant correlation with MOE in mature wood. A model describing the radial profile of MoE explained 58% of the variability in MoE, with 10% of the random variability attributed to between-tree differences. Elevation and summer water balance accounted for nearly all of the between-site variability. A decrease in MoE with increasing elevation was noted and has been previously linked to a decrease in cell wall thickness due to a shorter growing season at higher elevations. Integration of the MoE profile model into an individual-tree growth and yield simulator is the next logical step.

Assessing the wood quality of interior spruce (Picea glauca × P. engelmannii): variation in strength, relative density, microfibril angle, and fiber length

Holzforschung ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn D. Mansfield ◽  
Roberta Parish ◽  
Peter K. Ott ◽  
James F. Hart ◽  
James W. Goudie
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Tracheid Length ◽  
Interior Spruce ◽  
Wood Strength

Abstract A dynamic interrelationship exists among wood density and fiber traits (tracheid length and microfibril angel, MFA) and the ultimate wood strength properties. Moreover, many of the basic fundamental wood attributes are heavily influenced by crown size and architecture. In an attempt to examine this interplay, we thoroughly characterized 60 interior spruce (Picea glauca × P. engelmannii) trees sampled in three age classes from four sites in central British Columbia. Breast height discs were taken, and relative wood density was measured along two radii. Tracheid length was assessed on isolated 5 years increments from pith to bark at breast height for each tree, as was MFA. Segmented regression was used to identify the “juvenile to mature wood” transition point, which revealed transition ages of 9.4 and 15.1 years for wood density and MFA, respectively, while fiber length continued to elongate until near 60 years of age. The flexural properties, modulus of elasticity (MoE) and modulus of rupture (MoR), were also quantified in the 60 individuals and found to be best predicted by VFV, a measure of tree vigor, and not the basic wood attributes. These findings imply that long crowns carrying large amounts of foliage, VFV, negatively impact wood strength in interior spruce.

scholarly journals Evaluating the impact of stand composition and competition on white spruce and aspen wood attributes in the boreal mixedwood

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ryan Jackalin
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Aspen Wood ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
Intimate Mixture ◽  
Volume Production ◽  
The Impact

I evaluated how intra- and inter-specific competition affects the development of eleven wood attributes of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) over 34 years. My analysis was conducted in a mixedwood trial site in Northern British Columbia, Canada, that included treatments consisting of 0, 1000, 2000, 5000, and 10000 stems per hectare of aspen. Competition was found to negatively influence wood attribute development in aspen and positively impact spruce (at low levels of competition). Plot level competition indices were the best predictor of variation in aspen wood attributes, while stand level competition (population density) best explained the majority of spruce wood attributes. Maintaining aspen at lower densities in intimate mixture can have a positive effect on spruce wood quality, while incurring relatively small reductions in spruce volume production and also retaining the ecological benefits associated with managing for mixed stands.

Wood quality of white spruce from north central Alberta

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene I. C. Wang ◽  
Michael M. Micko
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
North Central ◽  
Tracheid Length ◽  
Wood Specific Gravity ◽  
Variation Patterns ◽  
Complex Variation

Wood specific gravity and tracheid lengths were measured from increment cores and discs of 10 white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) trees from each of four stands in the Slave Lake forest of north central Alberta. Such measurements were used to indicate the variation of wood properties among trees and within individual stems. The specific gravity of white spruce grown in the Slave Lake area was somewhat greater than that found in the Edson and Footner Lake areas reported earlier. Tracheid length was comparable to that found in trees from Footner Lake and longer than that from the Edson trees on the same age basis. Within a tree, growth rate affected wood specific gravity negatively. However, no correlation was evident between these parameters among trees. Seven trees were examined intensively to determine the variation of properties within the stem. The complex variation patterns from pith-to-bark and stump-to-crown are reported. Contrary to the Edson and Footner Lake trees, a very high corewood specific gravity was not observed. Tracheid length increased from pith to the periphery and from stump to crown.

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