scholarly journals Mediterranean Islands Hosting Marginal and Peripheral Forest Tree Populations: The Case of Pinus brutia Ten. in Cyprus

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas-George Eliades ◽  
Filippos Aravanopoulos ◽  
Andreas Christou
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Middle Level ◽  
Mediterranean Islands ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Pinus Brutia ◽  
Marginal Forest

Mediterranean islands have served as important Tertiary and glacial refuges, hosting important peripheral and ecologically marginal forest tree populations. These populations, presumably harboring unique gene complexes, are particularly interesting in the context of climate change. Pinus brutia Ten. is widespread in the eastern Mediterranean Basin and in Cyprus in particular it is the most common tree species. This study evaluated genetic patterns and morphoanatomical local adaptation along the species geographical distribution and altitudinal range in Cyprus. Analysis showed that the Cyprus population of P. brutia is a peripheral population with high genetic diversity, comprised of different subpopulations. Evidence suggests the presence of ongoing dynamic evolutionary processes among the different subpopulations, while the most relic and isolated subpopulations exhibited a decreased genetic diversity compared to the most compact subpopulations in the central area of the island. These results could be the consequence of the small size and prolonged isolation of the former. Comparing populations along an altitude gradient, higher genetic diversity was detected at the middle level. The phenotypic plasticity observed is particularly important for the adaptive potential of P. brutia in an island environment, since it allows rapid change in local environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Estimating the genetic diversity and structure of Quercus trojana Webb populations in Italy by SSRs: implications for management and conservation

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maddalena Carabeo ◽  
Marco Cosimo Simeone ◽  
Marcello Cherubini ◽  
Chiara Mattia ◽  
Francesca Chiocchini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Main Gene ◽  
Nuclear Microsatellite ◽  
Fragmented Distribution ◽  
Management And Conservation

Studying the genetic diversity and structure of the current forest populations is essential for evaluating the ability to survive future biotic and abiotic changes and planning conservation strategies. Quercus trojana Webb is an eastern Mediterranean tree species with a fragmented distribution range, and its westernmost outposts are located in southern Italy. The demand for timber and cropland over the centuries has severely reduced its occurrence in this part of the range. We assessed the genetic diversity and structure of the extant Italian populations of Q. trojana and derived conservation guidelines. A total of 322 samples were genotyped with six polymorphic nuclear microsatellite markers. A high genetic diversity in all populations, two main gene pools, and a highly divergent single population were observed. Based on the allelic richness and heterozygosity estimation, we identified populations that can be considered as valuable source material for conservation programs and those requiring adequate measures to reestablish gene flow and reduce fragmentation. Finally, a comparison with a set of eastern Mediterranean samples indicated a relationship between the Italian and the Greek gene pools. The need to protect these marginal, disjunct populations was further reinforced.

Vagile but inbred: patterns of inbreeding and the genetic structure within populations of the monsoon rain forest tree Syzygium nervosum (Myrtaceae) in northern Australia

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 595-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Shapcott
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Population Isolation ◽  
Forest Patch ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Monsoon Rain ◽  
Individual Trees

Patterns of gene flow within 21 northern Australian populations of Syzygium nervosum a dominant, mass-flowering, monsoon rain forest canopy tree were investigated using 10 isozyme loci. S. nervosum was found to have relatively high genetic diversity within populations (He = 0.307, AP = 3.7, P = 65) but also to have significantly lower frequencies of heterozygotes than expected (Ho = 0.126) and high allelic fixation (F = 0.512). Heterozygosity and allelic fixation were not correlated with measures of genetic diversity within populations, nor were they correlated with rain forest patch size, plant size or population isolation. Within populations, trees, of the same genotype (at each loci tested) were significantly clumped at short distances (c. 20 m), whereas trees of unlike genotypes were negatively associated. S. nervosum trees however, were not clonal in origin and had unique multilocus genotypes. The results suggest that the high levels of homozygosity recorded are the result of restricted pollination, primarily among flowers within individual trees or among closely related neighbouring trees, rather than rectricted seed dispersal. High homozygosity, the large fruit crop produced by trees of this species and the lack of association between heterozygosity and plant size, indicate that, S. nervosum is self-compatible, its fecundity does not appear to be impaired by inbreeding depression.

scholarly journals Age-age correlations and prediction of early selection age for diameter growth in a 35-years old Pinus brutia Ten. Genetic experiment

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. e010-e010
Author(s):  
Yusuf Kurt ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Early Selection ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Pinus Brutia ◽  
Rotation Age

Aim of study: Forest geneticists developed various methods to predict an early selection age for forest tree species in order to shorten the breeding cycles. This study aims to estimate age-age correlations among diameter growth of trees at different ages and predict early selection age for Pinus brutia Ten. Area of study: P. brutia populations in the study were sampled from the most productive distribution range of the species, which is an important forest tree in the eastern Mediterranean Basin. To understand genetic variation and determine early selection age for the species, a common garden experiment was established in two test sites near Antalya city, Turkey, in 1979. Material and methods: Wood increment cores at breast height were collected at age 30 years, and diameters (dbh) were measured for the ages 13, 15, 19, 21, 23, 25, and 27 years on the cores. Diameters at ground level (dgl) and dbh were also measured on live trees at age 35. Variance components, age-age correlations, heritability and selection efficiency were estimated for the diameters. Main results: Age-age genetic correlations for diameters were high (mostly > 0.90). Genetic correlations between dgl (at age 35) and dbh (at all measurement ages) ranged from 0.84 to 0.99. Regressions of genetic correlation on natural log of age ratio (LAR) of juvenile age to older age were significant (P < 0.0001). Selection efficiencies estimated by employing the prediction equation indicated that for rotation age 40, the optimum selection age would be between 3 to 5 years, and for rotation age 100 it would be between 5 to 9 years. Research highlights: The results of this study provide information that can be used to find early selection ages in P. brutia. On relatively poor test sites most trees may not attain enough height growth to have measurable dbh trait. In such cases, dgl and/or tree height traits (both of which are highly correlated with dbh traits of all ages) can be measured and used instead of dbh trait for evaluations.

scholarly journals High genetic diversity and strong spatial genetic structure in Cabralea canjerana (Vell.) Mart. (Meliaceae): implications to Brazilian Atlantic Forest tree conservation

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Tavares de Oliveira Melo ◽  
Alexandre Siqueira Guedes Coelho ◽  
Marlei Ferreira Pereira ◽  
Angel José Vieira Blanco ◽  
Edivani Villaron Franceschinelli
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽  
High Genetic Diversity

scholarly journals High genetic diversity with moderate differentiation in Juniperus excelsa from Lebanon and the eastern Mediterranean region

AoB Plants ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bouchra Douaihy ◽  
Giovanni G. Vendramin ◽  
Adam Boratyński ◽  
Nathalie Machon ◽  
Magda Bou Dagher-Kharrat
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Juniperus Excelsa

High genetic diversity and contrasting fine-scale spatial genetic structure in four seasonally dry tropical forest tree species

2014 ◽  
Vol 300 (7) ◽  
pp. 1671-1681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosane Garcia Collevatti ◽  
Raquel Estolano ◽  
Marina Lopes Ribeiro ◽  
Suelen Gonçalves Rabelo ◽  
Elizangela J. Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Dry Tropical Forest ◽  
Seasonally Dry

scholarly journals Mitogenomics of the endangered Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus) reveals dramatic loss of diversity and supports historical gene-flow between Atlantic and eastern Mediterranean populations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba Rey-Iglesia ◽  
Philippe Gaubert ◽  
Gonçalo Espregueira Themudo ◽  
Rosa Pires ◽  
Constanza De La Fuente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Mediterranean Populations ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
Western Sahara ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract The Mediterranean monk seal Monachus monachus is one of the most threatened marine mammals, with only 600–700 individuals restricted to three populations off the coast of Western Sahara and Madeira (North Atlantic) and between Greece and Turkey (eastern Mediterranean). Its original range was from the Black Sea (eastern Mediterranean) to Gambia (western African coast), but was drastically reduced by commercial hunting and human persecution since the early stages of marine exploitation. We here analyse 42 mitogenomes of Mediterranean monk seals, from across their present and historical geographic ranges to assess the species population dynamics over time. Our data show a decrease in genetic diversity in the last 200 years. Extant individuals presented an almost four-fold reduction in genetic diversity when compared to historical specimens. We also detect, for the first time, a clear segregation between the two North Atlantic populations, Madeira and Cabo Blanco, regardless of their geographical proximity. Moreover, we show the presence of historical gene-flow between the two water basins, the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, and the presence of at least one extinct maternal lineage in the Mediterranean. Our work demonstrates the advantages of using full mitogenomes in phylogeographic and conservation genomic studies of threatened species.

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