scholarly journals Brown Algae Potential as a Functional Food against Hypercholesterolemia: Review

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Rebeca André ◽  
Rita Pacheco ◽  
Mafalda Bourbon ◽  
Maria Luísa Serralheiro
Keyword(s):  
Brown Algae ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
World Population ◽  
High Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
The World

Brown algae have been part of the human diet for hundreds of years, however, in recent years, commercial and scientific interest in brown algae has increased due to the growing demand for healthier diet by the world population. Brown algae and its metabolites, such as carotenoids, polysaccharides, phlorotannins, and proteins, have been associated with multiple beneficial health effects for different diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, one of the main causes of death in Europe. Since high blood cholesterol levels are one of the major cardiovascular risks, this review intends to provide an overview of current knowledge about the anti-hypercholesterolemic effect of different brown algae species and/or their isolated compounds.

scholarly journals Phenolic Content of Brown Algae (Pheophyceae) Species: Extraction, Identification, and Quantification

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Generalić Mekinić ◽  
Danijela Skroza ◽  
Vida Šimat ◽  
Imen Hamed ◽  
Martina Čagalj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brown Algae ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Insight Into

Over the last few decades, isolations and chemical characterizations of secondary metabolites with proved biological activities have been of interest for numerous research groups across the world. Phenolics, as one of the largest and most widely distributed group of phytochemicals, have gained special attention due to their pharmacological activity and array of health-promoting benefits. Reports on phenolic potentials of marine algae, especially brown algae (Pheophyceae) that are characterized by the presence of phlorotannins, are still scarce. The aim of this review paper is to provide an overview of current knowledge about phenolic potential of different brown algae species (74 species from 7 different orders). Studies on brown algae phenolics usually involve few species, thus the focus of this review is to provide information about the phenolic potential of reported algae species and to get an insight into some issues related to the applied extraction procedures and determination/quantification methods to facilitate the comparison of results from different studies. The information provided through this review should be useful for the design and interpretation of studies investigating the brown algae as a source of valuable phytochemicals.

scholarly journals Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol

Nature ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 582 (7810) ◽  
pp. 73-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Population Based ◽  
High Income ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
The World ◽  
East And Southeast Asia

AbstractHigh blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries1,2. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world3 and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health4,5. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol—which is a marker of cardiovascular risk—changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million–4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world.

III. The Individualized Approach: Detection/Diagnosis/Evaluation

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-554
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Familial Aggregation ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Selective Screening ◽  
High Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Cooperative Effort ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Individualized Approach

The individualized approach to cholesterol lowering among children and adolescents focuses on those who appear to be destined to become adults with high blood cholesterol and an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). This approach calls for the cooperative effort of the entire health professional team to identify, treat, and monitor individual children and adolescents who have high serum cholesterol levels, with the ultimate objective of preventing formation of atherosclerotic lesions in the coronary arteries. Because tracking of cholesterol levels from childhood to adulthood occurs but is imperfect, the panel sought ways to identify those children and adolescents whose elevated cholesterol levels are likely to indicate significant risk. The panel reached consensus that a low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol value of 130 mg/dL or higher (95th percentile), when associated with family history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) or parental hypercholesterolemia, is sufficiently elevated to warrant further evaluation and probable treatment and followup. The panel deliberately targeted the family unit and the familial aggregation of CVD and/or inherited lipid problems because hypercholesterolemia in a child from such a family is of clinical significance. Children with parents and grandparents who have premature CVD often have high cholesterol levels. Thus cholesterol levels in a child are linked to familial CVD.65,67,69,158 CHOLESTEROL MEASUREMENT: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SELECTIVE SCREENING Who Should Have Cholesterol Measurements? The panel makes the following recommendations for the detection (selective screening), in the context of continuing health care, of children and adolescents likely to become adults with high blood cholesterol levels and increased risk for CVD.

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