Possibilities for Maintaining Appetite in Recovering COVID-19 Patients

COVID-19 and sequelae thereof are known to cause chemosensory dysfunction, posing a risk for intake and adequate nutrition for recovery. The overall objective of this study was to investigate the subjective strategies for maintaining appetite applied by patients recovering from COVID-19. The study included 19 in-depth interviews, focusing on patients suffering from long-term effects of COVID-19. The results were analysed using a thematic analysis for qualitative data. Results on strategies for maintaining appetite included four key themes: (1) a focus on well-functioning senses, (2) a focus on familiar foods, (3) a focus on the eating environment, and (4) a focus on post-ingestive well-being. It was found that factors prior to, during and after food intake, as well as the context, could influence desire to eat and pleasure related to food intake. As ageusia and anosmia make characterization of food difficult, being able to recognize and memorize its flavour was important to engage in consumption. Under normal circumstances, the hedonic value of food relies predominantly on the flavour of foods. When suffering from chemosensory dysfunction, shifting focus towards the texture of food, including trigeminal stimulation during consumption, were beneficial for maintaining appetite and food-related pleasure. Furthermore, a focus on the holistic satisfying feelings of choosing healthy food, as well as a focus on other people’s enjoyment during meals were reported to boost well-being around food intake. The study elaborated our understanding of the complex consequences of COVID-19, and can be applied in health promoting initiatives targeted patients recovering from COVID-19.

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Sleep Apnea

The Brigham Intensive Review of Internal Medicine ◽

10.1093/med/9780199358274.003.0035 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 356-365

Author(s):

Douglas B. Kirsch ◽

Lawrence J. Epstein

Keyword(s):

Sleep Apnea ◽

Muscle Tone ◽

Well Being ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Full Characterization ◽

Chronic Disorder ◽

Obstructive Sleep ◽

Knowledge Growth

More has been learned about sleep in the last 60 years than in the preceding 6000 years, to paraphrase one sleep researcher, and sleep apnea is an area in which knowledge growth has been particularly exponential. In the last several decades, sleep specialists have learned how to study sleep, subdividing it into stages based on the sleep-related changes in the electroencephalogram (EEG), eye movements, and muscle tone. Additional measurements of airflow, respiratory effort, limb muscle movements, electrocardiogram (EKG), and oxygen saturation allow a full characterization of the changes and problems that occur during sleep. The process of studying physiological parameters during sleep, called polysomnography, has allowed sleep specialists to better understand the nocturnal rhythms of sleep and identify disruptors, one of the most common being obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This chapter covers the epidemiology, pathophysiology, evaluation, and treatment of this common chronic disorder and its significant long-term effects on patient's well-being and health.

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SUMBER-SUMBER RESILIENSI PADA REMAJA AKHIR YANG MENGALAMI KEKERASAN DARI ORANGTUA PADA MASA KANAK-KANAK

Psibernetika ◽

10.30813/psibernetika.v11i1.1161 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Devina Calista ◽

Garvin Garvin

Keyword(s):

Late Adolescents ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Short Term ◽

Parental Affection ◽

Resilience Factors ◽

Childhood Violence ◽

Past Experiences ◽

The Impact ◽

Depth Interviews

Child abuse by parents is common in households. The impact of violence on children will bring short-term effects and long-term effects that can be attributed to their various emotional, behavioral and social problems in the future; especially in late adolescence that will enter adulthood. Resilience factors increase the likelihood that adolescents who are victims of childhood violence recover from their past experiences, become more powerful individuals and have a better life. The purpose of this study was to determine the source of resilience in late adolescents who experienced violence from parents in their childhood. This research uses qualitative research methods with in-depth interviews as a method of data collection. The result shows that the three research participants have the aspects of "I Have", "I Am", and "I Can"; a participant has "I Can" aspects as a source of resilience, and one other subject has no source of resilience. The study concluded that parental affection and acceptance of the past experience have role to the three sources of resilience (I Have, I Am, and I Can) Keyword : Resilience, adolescence, violence, parents

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Historical Racist Violence and Intergenerational Harms: Accounts from Descendants of Lynching Victims

The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science ◽

10.1177/00027162211016317 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 694 (1) ◽

pp. 78-91

Author(s):

Shytierra Gaston

Keyword(s):

African Americans ◽

Research Policy ◽

Well Being ◽

Policy And Practice ◽

Violent Event ◽

History Of ◽

Racialized Violence ◽

Depth Interviews ◽

The U.S

African Americans are disproportionately victimized by various forms of racialized violence. This long-standing reality is rooted in America’s history of racist violence, one manifestation being racial lynchings. This article investigates the long-term, intergenerational consequences of racial lynchings by centering the voices and experiences of victims’ families. The data comprise in-depth interviews with twenty-two descendants of twenty-two victims lynched between 1883 and 1972 in the U.S. South. I employed a multistage qualitative analysis, revealing three main domains of harmful impacts: psychological, familial, and economic. The findings underscore that racist violence has imposed harm beyond victims and for many decades and generations after the violent event. These long-term, intergenerational harms, especially if multiplied across countless incidents, can fundamentally impact the well-being of individuals, families, and communities as well as contribute to structural and macrolevel forces. Findings from this study have implications for research, policy, and practice, including efforts toward redress and reparations.

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Explosions and Human Health: The Long-Term Effects of Blast Injury

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine ◽

10.1017/s1049023x12000891 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 385-391 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sarah E. Finlay ◽

Michelle Earby ◽

David J. Baker ◽

Virginia S.G. Murray

Keyword(s):

Human Health ◽

Well Being ◽

Blast Injury ◽

Mass Casualties ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

National Guidelines ◽

Emergency Responders ◽

Response Strategies

AbstractThe immediate patterns of injury from explosions are well documented, from both military and civil experience. However, few studies have focused on less immediately apparent health consequences and latent effects of explosions in survivors, emergency responders and the surrounding community. This review aimed to analyze the risks to health following an explosion in a civil setting.A comprehensive review of the open literature was conducted, and data on 10 relevant military, civilian and industrial events were collected. Events were selected according to availability of published studies and involvement of large numbers of people injured. In addition, structured interviews with experts in the field were conducted, and existing national guidelines reviewed.The review revealed significant and potentially long-term health implications affecting various body systems and psychological well-being following exposure to an explosion. An awareness of the short- and long-term health effects of explosions is essential in screening for blast injuries, and identifying latent pathologies that could otherwise be overlooked in stressful situations with other visually distracting injuries and, often, mass casualties. Such knowledge would guide responsible medical staff in implementing early appropriate interventions to reduce the burden of long-term sequelae. Effective planning and response strategies would ensure accessibility of appropriate health care resources and evidence-based information in the aftermath of an explosion.Finlay SE, Earby M, Baker DJ, Murray VSG. Explosions and human health: the long-term effects of blast injury. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2012;27(4):1-7.

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The immediate effect of Sinapis nigra and Zingiber officinale as thermogenic substances during footbaths: A Randomized Controlled Cross-over Trial

Complementary Medicine Research ◽

10.1159/000521590 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jan Vagedes ◽

Silja Kuderer ◽

Eduard Helmert ◽

Katrin Vagedes ◽

Matthias Kohl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Zingiber Officinale ◽

Well Being ◽

Primary Outcome Measure ◽

Warm Water ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Stimulus Perception ◽

Late Evening ◽

Short And Long Term

Objective: Warm footbaths infused with Sinapis nigra (mustard, or MU) or Zingiber officinale (ginger, or GI) are used for various thermoregulatory conditions, but little is known about how they are perceived by individuals, both short- and long-term. We analyzed the immediate and long-term effects of MU and GI on warmth and stimulus perception in healthy adults. Methods: Seventeen individuals (mean age 22.1±2.4 years; 11 female) received three footbaths (mean temperature was 40 ± 0.2 ℃, administered between 1:30-6:30pm) in a randomized order with a cross-over design: 1. with warm water only (WA), 2. with warm water and MU and 3. with warm water and GI. Warmth and stimulus perception at the feet were assessed at the 1st, 5th, 10th, 15th, and 20th minute of the footbaths, in the late evening (EVE), and the following morning (MG). We further assessed well-being (at EVE and MG) and sleep quality (at MG). The primary outcome measure was the warmth perception at the feet at the 10th minute of the footbath. Results: At the 10th minute of the footbath, warmth perception at the feet was significantly higher with MU and GI compared to WA. The immediate thermogenic effects pointed to a quick increase in warmth and stimulus perception with MU, a slower increase with GI, and a gradual decrease with WA. Regarding the long-term effects, warmth and stimulus perception were still higher after GI compared to WA at EVE and MG. No differences were seen for general well-being and sleep quality. Conclusion: Thermogenic substances can significantly alter the dynamics of warmth and stimulus perception when added to footbaths. The different profiles in the application of GI and MU could be relevant for a more differentiated and specific use of both substances in different therapeutic indications.

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Evaluation of Six Family-Support Programs: Are They Effective?

Families in Society The Journal of Contemporary Social Services ◽

10.1606/1044-3894.1820 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 79 (2) ◽

pp. 134-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Edna W. Comer ◽

Mark W. Fraser

Keyword(s):

Family Support ◽

Parent Education ◽

Well Being ◽

Target Population ◽

Support Programs ◽

Evaluation Design ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Multiple Strategies ◽

Program Description

Family-support programs employ multiple strategies in an effort to strengthen families and promote the well-being of children. The multidimensionality of these programs—viewed by many experts as a strength—renders them particularly difficult to evaluate. As a result of this complexity, little information is available on the effectiveness of family-support programs. The authors examine outcome research from six family-support programs. Each of the programs was subjected to rigorous program evaluation. The findings from this research are summarized across six dimensions, including program description, intervention strategies, target population, evaluation design, outcome measures, and observed outcomes. Findings from these six programs suggests that there are positive outcomes for young children and their parents. The authors caution that too few studies that involve manualized interventions, and broad assessment over time of randomized groups have been conducted. In these six evaluations, however, program families demonstrated enhanced child, parent, and family functioning. Additionally, these programs appear to improve parent education and produce gains in both immediate and long-term effects on housing and income.

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The Long-Term Effects of Solitary Confinement From the Perspective of Inmates

The Prison Journal ◽

10.1177/00328855211060312 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 101 (6) ◽

pp. 652-674

Author(s):

Liat Tayer ◽

Tomer Einat ◽

Anat Yaron Antar

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Study ◽

Physical Exercise ◽

Behavioral Disorders ◽

Physical Aggression ◽

Well Being ◽

Solitary Confinement ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Health And Well Being ◽

Mental And Behavioral Disorders

This qualitative study analyzes the effects of solitary confinement on prisoners and the strategies used by them to cope with its difficulties. The findings indicate that solitary confinement is perceived as unfair and as intensifying hostile emotions and physical aggression, and that it is related to a range of long-term physiological, mental, and behavioral disorders. Three strategies are used to cope with the difficulties of solitary confinement: keeping to a ritualistic routine, a religious lifestyle, and physical exercise. We conclude that solitary confinement exacerbates the difficulties of detention and affects prisoners’ health and well-being for short and long terms.

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Breast Cancer during Pregnancy—Current Paradigms, Paths to Explore

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers11111669 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 1669 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ayelet Alfasi ◽

Irit Ben-Aharon

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Well Being ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Lymph Node Biopsy ◽

Current Data ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Long Term Outcomes ◽

Risk Benefit Assessment ◽

Long Term Follow Up

Breast cancer is the most common form of malignancy in pregnant women. The prevalence of pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) is up to 0.04% of pregnancies and is expected to rise in developed countries. PABC represents a unique clinical scenario which requires a delicate balance of risks and benefits for both maternal and fetal well-being. Currently, there is paucity of data regarding the short- and long-term outcomes of in-utero exposure to anti-neoplastic agents. In general, when possible, treatment for PABC should follow the same guidelines as in non-pregnant patients. Surgery, including sentinel lymph node biopsy, is possible during all trimesters of pregnancy. Radiotherapy is contraindicated during pregnancy, although it might be considered in highly selected patients based on risk–benefit assessment. Evidence supports that administration of chemotherapy may be safe during the second and third trimesters, with cessation of treatment three weeks prior to expected delivery. Currently, hormonal therapy and anti-HER2 agents are contraindicated during pregnancy and should be postponed until after delivery. Prematurity is associated with worse neonatal and long-term outcomes, and thus should be avoided. While current data on the long-term effects of anti-neoplastic treatments are reassuring, grade of evidence is lacking, hence additional large prospective studies with long-term follow-up are essential to rule out any treatment-induced adverse effects.

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