scholarly journals Consumers’ Attitude to Consumption of Rabbit Meat in Eight Countries Depending on the Production Method and Its Purchase Form

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katalin Szendrő ◽  
Eszter Szabó-Szentgróti ◽  
Orsolya Szigeti
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Fresh Meat ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Rabbit Meat ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Level Of Processing

The study’s aim was to investigate the consumers’ attitude to their preference of rabbit meat in eight countries depending on the production method and its purchase form. In Spain and China almost all factors got low scores. High scores (above 4 out of 5) for origin were found in Italy, France, Poland, Hungary and Brazil. The importance of feeding was highlighted in Italy, Poland, Hungary and Mexico. High values were received for housing conditions in Italy, Poland, Hungary and Mexico. The level of processing was the most important in China and Brazil, while the slaughtering method was considered the most important in Brazil and Mexico. Breed received the lowest score in almost all countries. The preference of fresh meat was the highest (above 50%) in Spain, France and Mexico, and that of frozen in Brazil and Mexico (about 20%). The highest preference for a whole carcass (above 50%) was given by the respondents in France and Mexico. Thigh was mostly preferred in France whereas consumers preferred loin in Mexico. Roasted, smoked and semi-finished forms were mostly favored in Mexico. It can be concluded that the preference of respondents depended on the country. Preferences were different among the Mediterranean countries, and also Latin American countries.

scholarly journals 46. Teaching of Astronomy

1982 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 633-634
Author(s):  
D. G. Wentzel ◽  
L. Houziaux ◽  
M. Rigutti ◽  
W. Buscombe ◽  
C. Iwaniszewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
International Schools ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Local Sources ◽  
Latin American Countries

The projects of this Commission are increasingly aimed at the astronomically developing countries. The projects are:International Schools for Young Astronomers. These are the highest-priority activity of the Commission. They last three weeks, have typically 25 to 35 participants, cover a range of astronomical topics with emphasis on practical training, and are funded by the IAU, UNESCO, and local sources. This report covers three schools: i) La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain, September 1979, participants from Spain, Portugal, Canary Islands and five Latin American countries, ii) Hvar, SR Croatia, Yugoslavia, September – October 1980, participants from Balkan and Mediterranean countries, iii) Helwan Observatory, Cairo, Egypt, participants from Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Nigeria, Tanzania, Greece, Portugal, Hungary, China.

Solving the Problems of Finding Law on the Web: World Law and DIAL

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Greenleaf
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Full Text ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
The Web

Despite its recent development, the Web already contains an astonishing variety of legal materials from dozens of countries. Significant collections of legislation are already available on the Web from over 50 countries. The full text is available on the Web of all legislation from almost all the jurisdictions of the USA, Canada, Australasia, many Latin American countries and some European countries (such as Norway and Germany), and extensive collections from many other European counties (such as the United Kingdom, France, Spain, Portugal). Substantial collections of legislation are available from many developing countries, including India, Turkey, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Vietnam, Zambia, China, Mexico and Israel.

Latin America: Farewell to Dependency

2015 ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
V. Krasil’shchikov
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Endogenous Development ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Left Turn ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Latin American Countries

The paper deals with the problem of dependent development and conservative modernization in Latin America. Whereas external dependency has been the permanent feature of Latin American development since colonial times, conservative modernization can be treated as the essential effect of this development. Almost all significant reforms in Latin American countries began earlier than the own premises for them could mature, because they were the obliged responses to the external challenges and shocks the continent underwent. The social actors of those reforms were often interested in adaptation of the obsolete socioeconomic structures and relationships to the changed external conditions instead of their destruction and genuine social renewal. The cases of authoritarian modernizations in the Southern Cone countries in the 1960s–80s clearly illustrated such attempts of the ruling groups to go forward whilst looking back. The neoliberal reforms of the 1990s demonstrated, at first glance, continuation of this practice being a form of modernisation for the upper classes’ advantages. Meanwhile, as the author argues, these reforms were actually a “swan song” of conservative modernization in Latin America. The “left turn” of the next decade did not abolish external dependency of Latin American countries, but created some important premises for the rise of internally rooted impulses to endogenous development. The new social actors of this development, such as various NGOs and left-wing movements, began to emerge in Latin America. They propose own programmes of transition towards a knowledge-based, innovative economy. This phenomenon allows to suppose that some Latin American countries have real chances for technological breakthroughs in the future, and it will be the genuine deliverance from the model of a dependent, imitative development.

scholarly journals Conservative Governments and Latin America's Human Rights Landscape

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 375-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Contesse
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Latin American Countries

In 2009, as the American Convention on Human Rights turned forty, Left-wing governments ruled in almost all Latin American countries. The democratization wave that began in the late 1980s had produced a seemingly hegemonic turn to the Left—the so-called “Pink Tide.” A decade later, the political landscape was radically different. With only a few exceptions, Right-wing governments are in power throughout Latin America. The implications of the conservative wave have been felt in a number of areas—including human rights. This essay explores the ways in which the new conservative governments of Latin American have tried to curb the inter-American human rights system and examines the potential long-term consequences that their efforts may have on the regional system and the protection of human rights. It then suggests possible avenues for sound engagement between states and the system, observing that the Inter-American Court's expansive case law may cause more harm in the long run.

scholarly journals A Multipurpose Leguminous Plant for the Mediterranean Countries: Leucaena leucocephala as an Alternative Protein Source: A Review

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2230
Author(s):  
Anna De Angelis ◽  
Laura Gasco ◽  
Giuliana Parisi ◽  
Pier Paolo Danieli
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Leguminous Plant ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Alternative Protein ◽  
The Mediterranean

In tropical and subtropical regions, as well as in the internal and/or marginal Mediterranean areas, one of the most important problems related to animal production is represented by the inadequate nutritional supplies. The low productivity of the animals, often connected to reduced annual growth, is, in fact, not infrequently attributable to the low nitrogen content and the high fiber content of the local plant species and crop residues that constitute the base ingredients of the rations commonly adopted by farmers. The use of the supplementation with arboreal and shrub fodder, although often containing anti-nutritional factors and toxins that limit its use, could be a profitable way to alleviate the nutritional deficiencies of the basic diets. Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit is native to Central America and widely naturalized in the majority of Latin American countries. It is a legume suitable for tropical and subtropical environments including the countries of the Mediterranean area. Moreover, its spread is desirable if we consider the multiple uses to which it is suitable, the considerable amount of biomass produced, and its role in preserving the environment. The aim of this work was to highlight the characteristics of Leucaena that can justify its wide diffusion. A structured analysis of strengths and weaknesses was performed accordingly. Being a good protein source for feeding livestock, it could be a species to be introduced in the inland areas of the Mediterranean countries as an alternative protein source; the limit represented by the presence of anti-nutritional factors could be overcome by feed processing and by launching targeted research programs.

Administrative Procedure and Judicial Review in Latin America

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-68
Author(s):  
Allan Brewer-Carias
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Administrative Procedure ◽  
Administrative Action ◽  
Administrative Act ◽  
Administrative Jurisdiction ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Latin American Countries

This chapter explains administrative procedure and judicial review in Latin America. Judicial review of administrative action has been constitutionalised in many Latin American countries, like Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Panama, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela, and has been the object of special laws regulating the jurisdiction. According to the Constitutions and to the laws regulating the contentious administrative jurisdiction in Latin America, all administrative provisions are subjected to judicial review as it is not possible for any administrative act to escape judicial control. Therefore, the principle applicable is the universal character of the judicial oversight of constitutionality and unlawfulness regarding regulations and administrative acts, which is exercised by the Courts without exception. In almost all Latin American countries, the rules of administrative procedure are regulated through special Administrative Procedure Lasw (APLs), which began to be sanctioned in 1972 (Argentina). In all cases where the courts find that a challenged administrative act infringes the fundamental rights of an individual or corporation, or does not meet the fundamental standards of administrative propriety and fairness, the courts of the contentious administrative jurisdiction in all Latin American countries have the power not only to annul the challenged act but, depending on the nature of the claim filed by the plaintiff, the courts can also award damages for the administrative action.

Conclusions from the Cross-Country Analysis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Cruces ◽  
Gary S. Fields ◽  
David Jaume ◽  
Mariana Viollaz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Country Analysis ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Latin American Countries

In the great majority of Latin American countries in the 2000s, economic growth took place and brought about improvements in almost all labour market indicators and consequent reductions in poverty rates. Across these countries, economic growth was not all that mattered; external factors were particularly important for changes in labour market conditions, while reductions in poverty were strongly related to improvements in earnings and employment indicators. Although the 2008 crisis affected some countries differently from others, nearly all labour market indicators were at least as high or higher by 2012 than immediately before the crisis in all countries but one.

scholarly journals Forecasting Latin America’s Country Risk Scores by Means of a Dynamic Diffusion Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Cervelló-Royo ◽  
J.-C. Cortés ◽  
A. Sánchez-Sánchez ◽  
F.-J. Santonja ◽  
R.-J. Villanueva
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Model ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Country Risk ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Market Instability ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Latin American Countries

Over the last years, worldwide financial market instability has shaken confidence in global economies. Global financial crisis and changes in sovereign debts ratings have affected the Latin American financial markets and their economies. However, Latin American’s relative resilience to the more acute rise in risk seen in other regions like Europe during last years is offering investors new options for improving risk-return trade-offs. Therefore, forecasting the future of economic situation involves high levels of uncertainty. The Country Risk Score (CRS) represents a broadly used indicator to measure the current situation of a country regarding measures of economic, political, and financial risk in order to determine country risk ratings. In this contribution, we present a diffusion model to study the dynamics of the CRS in 18 Latin American countries which considers both the endogenous effect of each country policies and the contagion effect among them. The model predicts quite well the evolution of the CRS in the short term despite the economic and political instability. Furthermore, the model reproduces and forecasts a slight increasing trend, on average, in the CRS dynamics for almost all Latin American countries over the next months.

Homeschooling in the Educational Landscape of Latin America

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciane Muniz Ribeiro Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Right To Education ◽  
American Children ◽  
The Right ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Latin American Countries

A number of developments stemmed from reforms to Latin America’s educational landscape beginning in 1990, with the regulamentation of homeschooling differing in countries across this region. Academic research and literature on homeschooling in these countries are just beginning, but it is clear that there is a “normative void” on this topic that is experienced by almost all Latin American countries despite the growing number of families choosing this form of education. There is a need to broaden the debate regarding the regulation of homeschooling in Latin America by analyzing local particularities in view of the commitment to protect the right to education for Latin American children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Donald Trump’s Policy Toward Latin America As an Issue of the U.S. Political Struggle 2020: Candidates’ Election Programs

2021 ◽  
pp. 236-245
Author(s):  
Timur Nelin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
Latin American Region ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
The U.S

Introduction. Donald Trump’s policy towards the Latin American region and illegal Latino migrants was often criticized by mass media. Many experts admit that over four years of his presidency U.S. cooperation with Latin American countries was severely “undermined”. This negative trend should have been the subject of discussion of candidates for the U.S. presidential election in 2020. The purpose of the article is to find out what aspects of Trump’s policy towards Latin America were used by the candidates in their campaign statements, for what he was criticized and praised. Methods and Materials. The research is based on the analysis of candidates’ election programs and speeches. Donald Trump’s annual messages to Congress are analyzed as well. The author researches the programs of those candidates who reached the final stage of the 2020 elections and those who were most popular at the beginning of 2020 but lost the primaries. In addition to general scientific research methods, the author uses methods of discourse analysis and comparative analysis. Analysis. Almost all the candidates criticized the policy of Donald Trump in different way. The main issues were President’s approaches to Mexico, Cuba, Venezuela and dealing with illegal immigrants. Trump’s policy didn’t receive explicit approval from any candidate. Among all the contenders for the post of U.S. President, only Joe Biden offered a more or less developed plan for establishing relations with the Central America countries. Results. The author showers that main directions of Trump’s policy towards Latin America were not criticized. But the methods of this policy were criticized a lot. Most part of the Latin America region generally fell out of the U.S. foreign policy discourse. And it was almost not represented in the candidates programs and speeches. This suggests that real shifts in the Latin American direction of the U.S. foreign policy will not occur in the coming years.

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