scholarly journals Fighting Iron-Deficiency Anemia: Innovations in Food Fortificants and Biofortification Strategies

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1871
Author(s):  
Ângela Liberal ◽  
José Pinela ◽  
Ana Maria Vívar-Quintana ◽  
Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira ◽  
Lillian Barros
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Food Fortification ◽  
Iron Form ◽  
Scientific Challenge

Iron deficiency remains one of the main nutritional disorders worldwide and low iron intake and/or bioavailability are currently the major causes of anemia. To fight this public health problem, the scientific challenge is to find an iron form with sufficient bioavailability to increase its levels in humans through food fortification. In turn, biofortification appears as a comparatively advantageous and bearable strategy for the delivery of vitamins and other micronutrients for people without access to a healthy and diverse diet. This approach relies on plant breeding, transgenic techniques, or agronomic practices to obtain a final food product with a higher iron content. It is also known that certain food constituents are able to favor or inhibit iron absorption. The management of these compounds can thus successfully improve the absorption of dietary iron and, ultimately, contribute to fight this disorder present all over the world. This review describes the main causes/manifestations of iron-deficiency anemia, forms of disease prevention and treatment, and the importance of a balanced and preventive diet. A special focus was given to innovative food fortification and biofortification procedures used to improve the iron content in staple food crops.

scholarly journals Suitability of Instant Noodles for Iron Fortification to Combat Iron-Deficiency Anemia among Primary Schoolchildren in Rural Vietnam

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huong Thi Le ◽  
Inge D. Brouwer ◽  
Corine A. de Wolf ◽  
Lidwien van der Heijden ◽  
Khan Cong Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Iron Level ◽  
Food Fortification ◽  
Iron Fortification ◽  
Primary Schoolchildren ◽  
Instant Noodles

Background Anemia is a significant public health problem among schoolchildren in Vietnam. Food fortification is considered one of the most sustainable long-term strategies to control iron-deficiency anemia in Vietnam. The success of a food-fortification program depends on the choice of the food vehicle. Objectives The aim of the present study was to identify an appropriate vehicle for iron fortification to be used in a school-feeding program aimed at improving the iron and anemia status of schoolchildren in rural Vietnam. Methods Children 6 to 8 years of age in two primary schools in Tam Nong District, Phu Tho Province, and their parents were included in this study. The study consisted of three substudies: a food-consumption study with 24-hour recalls of two nonconsecutive days; a food-beliefs study, with focus group discussions, a pile-sorting test, and a food attributes and differences exercise; and a food-acceptance study using noodles and biscuits fortified with sodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (NaFeEDTA). Results The average number of meals consumed daily was 3.2 ± 0.4, and the average intakes of energy and iron were 1,218 ± 406 kcal and 7.5 ± 4.0 mg, respectively. Compared with biscuits and instant rice soup, instant noodles were consumed more frequently and in larger portion sizes and are more acceptable as children's food in the culture of the local people. The iron level of the fortified product did not affect the mean consumption of noodles, but a higher level of iron was associated with a lower mean consumption of biscuits ( p < .05). The production process did not affect the NaFeEDTA level in noodles; however, during preparation at least 70% of the iron is leaked into the soup. Conclusions Instant noodles are a suitable vehicle for iron fortification for use in school-based intervention to improve iron-deficiency anemia among primary schoolchildren in rural Vietnam.

Iron deficiency anemia: A comprehensive review on iron absorption, bioavailability and emerging food fortification approaches

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 58-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumar Shubham ◽  
T. Anukiruthika ◽  
Sayantani Dutta ◽  
A.V. Kashyap ◽  
Jeyan A. Moses ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Food Fortification ◽  
Comprehensive Review

scholarly journals Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) Promotes Visceral Obesity Due to Defective Adipose Tissue Browning (OR09-07-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Seon Yook ◽  
Mi Zhou ◽  
Lee Jaekwon ◽  
Soonkyu Chung
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Tissue Browning

Abstract Objectives Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common disease related to malnutrition. Epidemiological studies revealed a positive correlation between IDA and obesity, but the underlying mechanism is uncertain. Emerging evidence suggests that adipose browning significantly contributes to weight loss by dissipating extra energy into heat. Adipose tissue browning is concurrent with mitochondrial biogenesis, an iron-demanding process. We aimed to investigate whether iron deficiency downregulat adipose tissue browning. Methods To simulate the IDA, C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet in an iron-deficient (3 ppm) setting for 14 weeks compared with an isocaloric iron-sufficient (50 ppm) diet. Iron status was evaluated by measuring serum levels of ferritin, hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (HCt). Iron content of tissue levels was measured by ICP-Mass spectrometer. For assessment of capability to keep the temperature homeostasis, core body temperature and heat release by the infrared camera were determined upon acute cold exposure (4°C). Adipose browning was induced by administrating β3-adrenoceptor agonist, CL316243 (CL) for 5 days. The significance of iron on adipocyte browning was validated in vitro by silencing of the transferrin receptor (TfR), or by iron chelator (DFO, deferoxamine) treatment during beige adipogenesis. Results The chronic iron-deficiency significantly reduced serum ferritin concentration (P < 0.01) with marginal impact on Hb or HCt. Despite no apparent difference in body weight, fat mass was higher in IDA mice (P < 0.001). Consistently, total iron content in the inguinal fat, where adipose browning occurs, was markedly lower in IDA mice. IDA mice were more susceptible to cold treatment, maintaining the body temperature lower than control and defective in heat release. Upon CL stimulation, IDA mice showed reduced expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and Cytc, and beige-like morphology in the inguinal fat. Supporting these in vivo results, inhibition of iron import by depleting TfR or reducing liable iron dampened the beige adipogenesis by attenuating brown-specific markers and mitochondrial biogenesis. Conclusions IDA is an independent risk factor for visceral obesity by decreasing thermogenic energy expenditure. Funding Sources National Institutes of Health Grant 1R21HD094273.

Food Fortification Strategy—Preventing Iron Deficiency Anemia: A Review

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuzhat Huma ◽  
Salim-Ur-Rehman ◽  
Faqir Muhammad Anjum ◽  
M. Anjum Murtaza ◽  
Munir A. Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Food Fortification

scholarly journals An Experimental Model for Iron Deficiency Anemia in Sows and Offspring Induced by Blood Removal during Gestation

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2848
Author(s):  
Martin Peter Rydal ◽  
Sheeva Bhattarai ◽  
Jens Peter Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Liver Iron ◽  
Liver Iron Content ◽  
Tissue Iron ◽  
Removal Group

Anemia is a common condition in sow herds. We aimed to study the effects of severe iron deficiency during gestation on sow and piglet health outcomes with an experimental model for blood-removal-induced iron deficiency anemia. In total, 18 multiparous sows (8 in trial I and 10 in trial II) were allocated to either a blood removal group or a control group. Hematologic parameters were monitored at regular intervals and the tissue iron concentrations were measured for the sows and newborn piglets after farrowing. In trial I, the mean liver iron content was reduced to 46.7 µg/g in the blood removal sows compared to 252.6 µg/g in the controls (p < 0.001). In trial II, sows in the blood removal group had lower iron content in the liver (147.8 µg/g), kidney (46.3 µg/g) and spleen (326.5 µg/g) compared to the control sows (323.2 µg/g, 81.3 µg/g and 728.9 µg/g, respectively; p = 0.009, 0.016, 0.01, respectively). In trial I, piglets from sows in the blood removal group had significantly decreased hematocrit (Hct), red blood cells (RBC) and a tendency for reduced hemoglobin (Hb) compared to the control piglets. We established a blood removal model that resulted in mild- to severe degrees of sow anemia and reduced tissue iron stores at farrowing.

scholarly journals A Life Course Approach to the Prevention of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Indonesia

Nutrients ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Ali Sungkar ◽  
Saptawati Bardosono ◽  
Rima Irwinda ◽  
Nurul R. M. Manikam ◽  
Rini Sekartini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Clinical Psychologist ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Long Term Impact

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) has a long-term impact on each life stage and remains worldwide a major public health problem. Eleven experts were invited to participate in a virtual meeting to discuss the present situation and the available intervention to prevent iron deficiency anemia in Indonesia. The experts consisted of obstetric gynecologists, pediatricians, nutritionists, midwives, a clinical psychologist, and an education expert. Existing interventions focus attention on preconception and early childhood stages. Considering the inter-generational effects of IDA, we call attention to expanding strategies to all life stages through integrating political, educational, and nutritional interventions. The experts agreed that health education and nutritional intervention should be started since adolescence. Further research to explore the effectiveness of these interventions would be important for many regions in the world. The outcome of this Indonesian consensus is applicable worldwide.

scholarly journals Urinary schistosomiasis and iron deficiency anemia among Malian school children

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (30) ◽  
pp. 1845-1858
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ayoya ◽  
◽  
KM Koné ◽  
AK Traoré ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
School Children ◽  
Schistosoma Haematobium ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Urinary Schistosomiasis

Anemia continues to be a major public health problem in many countries. The prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis, which contributes to anemia, often peak at school age adding to that age group’s nutrition and disease burdens. However, unlike malaria and hookworm infections, little is known on the role of urinary schistosomiasis in iron deficiency anemia. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia and the effect of iron supplementation on hemoglobin (Hb) and serum ferritin (SF) levels among school children infected with Schistosoma haematobium in Bamako, the capital city of Mali. A total of 150 anemic school children between 7 and 12 years were randomly assigned to receive either 40mg/kg of praziquantel or 40mg/kg of praziquantel (P) + daily 66 mg of iron (Fe), five days a week for three months. Hb and SF were measured at baseline and at 6 and 12 weeks of the intervention. Only children who had complete Hb and SF data at each stage of the trial were included in the statistical analyses (n = 74 in the P+Fe group; n = 66 in the P group). At baseline, mean Hb (g/dl) was 10.53±0.93 in the P group and 10.47±1.17 in the Fe+P group; mean SF (µg/l) was 34.39±37.58 in the P group and 29.82±23.34 in the Fe+P group, and the prevalence of iron deficiency was 17.2%. At 6 and 12 weeks of the intervention, there was an important reduction in anemia and in iron deficiency in both treatment groups. Mean Hb (g/dl) was higher in the Fe+P group (11.63±0.88 and 11.55±0.94) than in the P group (11.14±0.98 and 10.84±0.86) at 6 and 12 weeks, respectively. Mean SF (µg/l) was also higher in the P+Fe group (74.26±40 and 100.29±53.92) than in the P group(40.65±35.63 and 40.70±29.57) at 6 and 12 weeks, respectively. In these Schistosoma haematobium infected children, iron deficiency was prevalent and treatments with P alone or in combination with Fe supplementation were able to increase hemoglobin and iron stores. Neither P nor P+Fe by alone completely reversed anemia in this sample population.

Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA), their Prevalence, and Awareness among Girls of Reproductive Age of Distt Mandi Himachal Pradesh, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Rakesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Important Approach ◽  
Girl Students ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Anemia constitutes a public health problem, in both developed and developing countries with major burden on economic and social develop ment. Present study was designed to examine the prevalence of anemia among girl students of Abhilashi College, Distt Mandi Himachal Pradesh. Hemoglobin (Hb) level of 87 girls students was determined. Prevalence of anemia was detected to have been quite high at 55%. Self-awareness of the condition among those anemic was dismally low at 10%. Health education constitutes an important approach to increase awareness about anemia in terms of exposures, risk factors, essential nutrition ingredients an d the importance of iron supplementations. Thus, the present study has tried to focus on those issues which are responsible for determining the level of anemia among wo men aged 20 to 40 years and has also tried to provide scientific exp lanations of iron deficiency anemia.

scholarly journals Iron Deficiency Anemia among Hospitalized Children in Konya, Turkey

Anemia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatih Akin ◽  
Ece Selma Solak ◽  
Cengizhan Kilicaslan ◽  
Saltuk Bugra Boke ◽  
Sukru Arslan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Prevention Project ◽  
The Mean

The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of our hospitalized patients with the diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and effects of the IDA prevention project of the Turkish Ministry of Health which was started in 2004. The recommended dose of prophylactic iron supplementation was 1-2 mg/kg/day. The files of 1519 patients who were hospitalized to Konya Education and Research Hospital Pediatrics Clinic were reviewed. A total of 50 patients consisting of 35 boys and 15 girls with the mean age of 16,59 ± 1,68 months were included into the study. The prevalence of IDA was 3.29% (boys: 4.23%, girls: 2.1%). Hgb and Hct of the patients >24 months were significantly higher than those of the patients with the age of 6–12 months. Iron supplementation receiving rates were very low. Of the 28 patients older than 12 months, only 44% of them had received a full course of iron supplementation for 8 months. In conclusion, although prophylactic iron supplementation lowered the prevalences of IDA, receiving rates of iron supplementation were not adequate. While IDA is still a public health problem, prophylactic approaches should be carried out more effectively.

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