scholarly journals Impact of Managed-Lane Pricing Strategies on Vehicle-Sourced NOx and HC Emissions

Gases ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-132
Author(s):  
Jianbang Du ◽  
Fengxiang Qiao ◽  
Lei Yu ◽  
Ying Lv
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Management ◽  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Operational Strategies ◽  
Ground Level Ozone ◽  
Hc Emissions ◽  
Secondary Air

Ground-level ozone is a secondary air pollutant that is formed by chemical reactions between precursors, including nitrogen oxides (NOx) and hydrocarbon (HC). Highway traffic, which can be controlled by traffic operational strategies, is one of the main sources of atmospheric NOx and HC. Managed-lane pricing is one of the popularly used freeway traffic management approaches, while its impacts on ground-level ozone-related vehicle emissions is, however, still unclear. This motivated the purpose of this research. A case study in Houston, USA indicates that, vehicles on managed lanes had fewer hard accelerations/decelerations and higher average speed, which resulted in higher per-vehicle emissions in grams/hour, while the total emissions of a vehicle were roughly comparable to what they would be on a general-purpose lane. Total daily NOx and HC emissions per managed lane were 31.9%–42.6% of those per general-purpose lane. The weight ratios between HC and NOx show that, the ground-level ozone formation of this area is hydrocarbon-limited.

scholarly journals Design and Implementation of Portable Outdoor Air Quality Measurement System using Arduino

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teddy Surya Gunawan ◽  
Yasmin Mahira Saiful Munir ◽  
Mira Kartiwi ◽  
Hasmah Mansor
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Quality Measurement ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Ground Level Ozone ◽  
Air Quality Monitoring Stations

Recently, there is increasing public awareness of the real time air quality due to air pollution can cause severe effects to human health and environments. The Air Pollutant Index (API) in Malaysia is measured by Department of Environment (DOE) using stationary and expensive monitoring station called Continuous Air Quality Monitoring stations (CAQMs) that are only placed in areas that have high population densities and high industrial activities. Moreover, Malaysia did not include particulate matter with the size of less than 2.5μm (PM2.5) in the API measurement system. In this paper, we present a cost effective and portable air quality measurement system using Arduino Uno microcontroller and four low cost sensors. This device allows people to measure API in any place they want. It is capable to measure the concentration of carbon monoxide (CO), ground level ozone (O3) and particulate matters (PM10 & PM2.5) in the air and convert the readings to API value. This system has been tested by comparing the API measured from this device to the current API measured by DOE at several locations. Based on the results from the experiment, this air quality measurement system is proved to be reliable and efficient.

Air Pollution and Angioedema

2019 ◽  
Vol 161 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-438
Author(s):  
Suraj Kedarisetty ◽  
Evan Jones ◽  
Derrick Tint ◽  
Ahmed M. S. Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Ground Level Ozone ◽  
Tertiary Care Medical Center

Objective To identify environmental factors that may precipitate angioedema. Study Design Case series with chart review. Setting An urban tertiary care medical center. Subjects and Methods After institutional review board approval was obtained, a chart review of all patients who presented to Temple University Hospital with angioedema from January 2012 to December 2014 was performed. Patient demographics and hospital course were gathered. Environmental data on the dates of presentation, including precipitation, humidity, and air pollution, were obtained from regional Environmental Protection Agency online data banks and used for statistical analysis. Results In total, 408 patients, representing 450 episodes of angioedema, met the inclusion criteria for the study. Most patients were female (58%), African American (74%), and on an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) upon presentation (61%). Days with unhealthy levels of air pollution were associated with an increased likelihood of angioedema presentation (odds ratio [OR], 1.82; confidence interval [CI], 1.01-3.30; P = .046). Subgroup analysis revealed that elevated ground-level ozone was the primary air pollutant significantly associated with angioedema presentations (OR, 4.95; CI 1.92-12.76; P = .0009). Higher ground-level ozone was also associated with ACE-I angioedema presentations ( P = .017) but not with non-ACE-I angioedema presentations ( P = .86). Air quality was not predictive of angioedema severity or need for intubation. Conclusion Angioedema is a complex, multifactorial disease resulting in potentially life-threatening complications. This is the first study to demonstrate that higher levels of air pollution, specifically ground-level ozone, are associated with significantly increased rates of angioedema episodes, although not severity.

The study of ground-level ozone over Kyiv and its impact on public health

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
A.V. Shavrina ◽  
◽  
I.A. Mikulskaya ◽  
S.I. Kiforenko ◽  
V.A. Sheminova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Ground Level Ozone

Considerations on Ambient Levels of Ozone Concentrations and Relationship with NOx in an Urban Environment

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 824-829
Author(s):  
Cornel Ianache ◽  
Laurentiu Predescu ◽  
Mirela Predescu ◽  
Dumitru Dumitru
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Distinct Pattern ◽  
Weekend Effect ◽  
Monitoring Site ◽  
Ground Level Ozone ◽  
Ozone Concentrations

The serious air pollution problem has determined public concerns, worldwide. One of the main challenges for countries all over the world is caused by the elevated levels of ground-level ozone (O3) concentrations and its anthropogenic precursors. Ploiesti city, as one of the major urban area of Romania, is facing the same situation. This research aims to investigate spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of O3 in relationship with nitrogen oxides (NOx) using statistical analysis methods. Hourly O3 and NOx measurements were collected during 2014 year in Ploiesti. The results obtained showed that the ozone spatial distribution was non-normal for each month in 2014. The diurnal cycle of ground-level ozone concentrations showed a mid-day peak, while NOx diurnal variations presented 2 daily peaks, one in the morning (7:00 a.m.) and one in the afternoon (between 5:00 and 7:00 p.m.). In addition, it was observed a distinct pattern of weekly variations for O3 and NOx. Like in many other urban areas, the results indicated the presence of the �ozone weekend effect� in Ploiesti during the 2014 year, ozone concentrations being slightly higher on weekends compared to weekdays. For the same monitoring site, the nitrogen oxides were less prevalent on Saturdays and Sundays, probably due to reducing of road traffic and other pollution-generating activities on weekends than during the week.

scholarly journals Environmental and Air Pollution Factors Affecting Allergic Eye Disease in Children and Adolescents in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5611
Author(s):  
Anthony Vipin Das ◽  
Sayan Basu
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Recent Onset ◽  
Ground Level Ozone

The aim of this study was to describe the correlation between the meteorological and air pollution parameters with the temporal pattern of presentation of recent onset allergic eye disease (AED). This cross-sectional hospital-based study included new patients (≤21 years of age) presenting between January 2016 and August 2018 from the district of Hyderabad with a clinical diagnosis of AED and an acute exacerbation of recent onset of symptoms of less than 3 months duration. Correlation analysis was performed with the local environmental rainfall, temperature, humidity, windspeed, and air pollution. Of the 25,354 new patients hailing from the district of Hyderabad, 2494 (9.84%) patients were diagnosed with AED, of which 1062 (4.19%) patients had recent onset of symptoms. The mean monthly prevalence in this cohort was 4.13%, and the month of May (6.09%) showed the highest levels. The environmental parameters of humidity (r2 = 0.83/p = < 0.0001) and rainfall (r2 = 0.41/p = 0.0232) showed significant negative correlation, while temperature (r2 = 0.43/p = 0.0206) and ground-level ozone (r2 = 0.41/p = 0.0005) showed significant positive correlation with the temporal pattern of AED in the population. An increase in rainfall and humidity was associated with a lower prevalence, and an increase of temperature and ground-level ozone was associated with a higher prevalence of AED cases during the year among children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Quantifying Air Pollutant Variations during COVID-19 Lockdown in a Capital City in Northwest China

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 788
Author(s):  
Rong Feng ◽  
Hongmei Xu ◽  
Zexuan Wang ◽  
Yunxuan Gu ◽  
Zhe Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Motor Vehicle Emissions

In the context of the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), strict lockdown policies were implemented to control nonessential human activities in Xi’an, northwest China, which greatly limited the spread of the pandemic and affected air quality. Compared with pre-lockdown, the air quality index and concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and CO during the lockdown reduced, but the reductions were not very significant. NO2 levels exhibited the largest decrease (52%) during lockdown, owing to the remarkable decreased motor vehicle emissions. The highest K+ and lowest Ca2+ concentrations in PM2.5 samples could be attributed to the increase in household biomass fuel consumption in suburbs and rural areas around Xi’an and the decrease in human physical activities in Xi’an (e.g., human travel, vehicle emissions, construction activities), respectively, during the lockdown period. Secondary chemical reactions in the atmosphere increased in the lockdown period, as evidenced by the increased O3 level (increased by 160%) and OC/EC ratios in PM2.5 (increased by 26%), compared with pre-lockdown levels. The results, based on a natural experiment in this study, can be used as a reference for studying the formation and source of air pollution in Xi’an and provide evidence for establishing future long-term air pollution control policies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document