scholarly journals Small Oligonucleotides Detection in Three-Dimensional Polymer Network of DNA-PEG Hydrogels

Gels ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Alessia Mazzarotta ◽  
Tania Mariastella Caputo ◽  
Luca Raiola ◽  
Edmondo Battista ◽  
Paolo Antonio Netti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Network ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Biomolecule Detection ◽  
Short Oligonucleotide ◽  
Dna Oligonucleotides ◽  
Hydrogel Network ◽  
Displacement Assay ◽  
Oligonucleotide Detection ◽  
And Diffusion

The control of the three-dimensional (3D) polymer network structure is important for permselective materials when specific biomolecule detection is needed. Here we investigate conditions to obtain a tailored hydrogel network that combines both molecular filtering and molecular capture capabilities for biosensing applications. Along this line, short oligonucleotide detection in a displacement assay is set within PEGDA hydrogels synthetized by UV radical photopolymerization. To provide insights on the molecular filter capability, diffusion studies of several probes (sulforhodamine G and dextrans) with different hydrodynamic radii were carried out using NMR technique. Moreover, fluorometric analyses of hybridization of DNA oligonucleotides inside PEGDA hydrogels shed light on the mechanisms of recognition in 3D, highlighting that mesh size and crowding effect greatly impact the hybridization mechanism on a polymer network. Finally, we found the best probe density and diffusion transport conditions to allow the specific oligonucleotide capture and detection inside PEGDA hydrogels for oligonucleotide detection and the filtering out of higher molecular weight molecules.

scholarly journals Small Oligonucleotides Detection in Three-Dimensional Polymer Network of DNA-PEG Hydrogels

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Mazzarotta ◽  
Tania Maristella Caputo ◽  
Luca Raiola ◽  
Edmondo Battista ◽  
Paolo Antonio Netti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Network ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Short Oligonucleotide ◽  
Dna Oligonucleotides ◽  
Hydrogel Network ◽  
Displacement Assay ◽  
Oligonucleotide Detection ◽  
Biomolecules Detection ◽  
And Diffusion

The control of the three-dimensional (3D) polymer network structure is important for permselective materials when specific biomolecules detection is needed. Here we investigate conditions to obtain a tailored hydrogel network that combine both molecular filtering and molecular capture capabilities for biosensing applications. Along this line short oligonucleotide detection in a displacement assay is set within PEGDA hydrogels synthetized by UV radical photopolymerization. To provide insights on the molecular filter capability, diffusion studies of several probes (sulforhodamine G and dextrans) with different hydrodynamic radii were carried out using NMR technique. Moreover, fluorometric analyses of hybridization of DNA oligonucleotides inside PEGDA-hydrogels shed light on the mechanisms of recognition in 3D, highlighting that mesh size and crowding effect greatly impact of hybridization mechanism onto polymer network. Finally, we found the best probe density and diffusion transport conditions to allow the specific oligonucleotide capture and detection inside PEGDA-hydrogels for oligonucleotide detection and the filtering out of higher molecular weight molecules.

scholarly journals Single-Macromolecular Level Imaging of a Hydrogel Structure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryuji Kiyama ◽  
Takayuki Nonoyama ◽  
Sedlacik Tomas ◽  
Hiroshi Jinnai ◽  
Jian Ping Gong
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Network ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Fixation Method ◽  
Gel Properties ◽  
Cell Scaffolds ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Hydrogel Network ◽  
Network Observation ◽  
Surface Network ◽  
First Time

Hydrogels are promising materials for several applications, including cell scaffolds and artificial load-bearing substitutes (cartilages, ligaments, tendons, etc.). Direct observation of the nanoscale polymer network of hydrogels is essential in understanding its properties. However, imaging of individual network strands at the molecular level is not achieved yet due to the lack of suitable methods. Herein, for the first time, we developed a novel mineral-staining method and network fixation method for transmission electron microscopy observation to visualize the hydrogel network in its unperturbed conformation with nanometer resolution. Surface network observation indicates that the length of surface dangling chains, which play a major role in friction and wetting, can be estimated from the gel mesh size. Moreover, bulk observations reveals a hierarchical formation mechanism of gel heterogeneity. These observations have the great potential to advance gel science by providing comprehensive perspective that link bulk gel properties with nanoscale.

Smart Hydrogels for Pharmaceutical Applications

2017 ◽  
pp. 1133-1164
Author(s):  
Snežana S. Ilić-Stojanović ◽  
Ljubiša B. Nikolić ◽  
Vesna D. Nikolić ◽  
Slobodan D. Petrović
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Crosslinking Degree ◽  
Color Transparency ◽  
Hydrogel Network ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Responsive Hydrogels

The latest development in the field of smart hydrogels application as drugs carriers is shown in this chapter. Hydrogels are three-dimensional polymer network consisting of at least one hydrophilic monomer. They are insoluble in water, but in the excess presence of water or physiological fluids, swell to the equilibrium state. The amount of absorbed water depends on the chemical composition and the crosslinking degree of 3D hydrogel network and reaches over 1000% of the xerogel weight. Stimuli-responsive hydrogels exhibit significant change of their properties (swelling, color, transparency, conductivity, shape) due to small changes in the external environment conditions (pH, ionic strength, temperature, light wavelength, magnetic or electric fields, ultrasound, or a combination thereof). This smart hydrogels, with different physical and chemical properties, chemical structure and technology of obtaining, show great potential for application in the pharmaceutical industry. The application of smart hydrogels is very promising and at the beginning of the development and exploitation.

Smart Hydrogels for Pharmaceutical Applications

2017 ◽  
pp. 278-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snežana S. Ilić-Stojanović ◽  
Ljubiša B. Nikolić ◽  
Vesna D. Nikolić ◽  
Slobodan D. Petrović
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Crosslinking Degree ◽  
Color Transparency ◽  
Hydrogel Network ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Responsive Hydrogels

The latest development in the field of smart hydrogels application as drugs carriers is shown in this chapter. Hydrogels are three-dimensional polymer network consisting of at least one hydrophilic monomer. They are insoluble in water, but in the excess presence of water or physiological fluids, swell to the equilibrium state. The amount of absorbed water depends on the chemical composition and the crosslinking degree of 3D hydrogel network and reaches over 1000% of the xerogel weight. Stimuli-responsive hydrogels exhibit significant change of their properties (swelling, color, transparency, conductivity, shape) due to small changes in the external environment conditions (pH, ionic strength, temperature, light wavelength, magnetic or electric fields, ultrasound, or a combination thereof). This smart hydrogels, with different physical and chemical properties, chemical structure and technology of obtaining, show great potential for application in the pharmaceutical industry. The application of smart hydrogels is very promising and at the beginning of the development and exploitation.

scholarly journals Hydrogel Microparticles for Fluorescence Detection of miRNA in Mix-Read Bioassay

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 7671
Author(s):  
Alessia Mazzarotta ◽  
Tania Mariastella Caputo ◽  
Edmondo Battista ◽  
Paolo Antonio Netti ◽  
Filippo Causa
Keyword(s):  
Target Detection ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Microfluidic System ◽  
Parameters Optimization ◽  
Hydrogel Microparticles ◽  
Key Steps

Herein we describe the development of a mix-read bioassay based on a three-dimensional (3D) poly ethylene glycol—(PEG)-hydrogel microparticles for the detection of oligonucleotides in complex media. The key steps of hydrogels synthesis and molecular recognition in a 3D polymer network are elucidated. The design of the DNA probes and their density in polymer network were opportunely optimized. Furthermore, the diffusion into the polymer was tuned adjusting the polymer concentration and consequently the characteristic mesh size. Upon parameters optimization, 3D-PEG-hydrogels were synthetized in a microfluidic system and provided with fluorescent probe. Target detection occurred by double strand displacement assay associated to fluorescence depletion within the hydrogel microparticle. Proposed 3D-PEG-hydrogel microparticles were designed for miR-143-3p detection. Results showed 3D-hydrogel microparticles with working range comprise between 10−6–10−12 M, had limit of detection of 30 pM and good specificity. Moreover, due to the anti-fouling properties of PEG-hydrogel, the target detection occurred in human serum with performance comparable to that in buffer. Due to the approach versatility, such design could be easily adapted to other short oligonucleotides detection.

scholarly journals Adaptive Chaotic Image Encryption Algorithm Based on RNA and Pixel Depth

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 1770
Author(s):  
Xiaoqiang Zhang ◽  
Xuangang Yan
Keyword(s):  
Image Encryption ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Encryption Algorithm ◽  
Current Time ◽  
Plain Image ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
Selective Diffusion ◽  
Chaotic Image Encryption ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Image Encryption Algorithm

To prevent the leakage of image content, image encryption technology has received increasing attention. Most current algorithms are only suitable for the images of certain types and cannot update keys in a timely manner. To tackle such problems, we propose an adaptive chaotic image encryption algorithm based on RNA and pixel depth. Firstly, a novel chaotic system, two-dimensional improved Logistic-adjusted-Sine map is designed. Then, we propose a three-dimensional adaptive Arnold transform for scrambling. Secondly, keys are generated by the hash values of the plain image and current time to achieve one-image, one-key, and one-time pad simultaneously. Thirdly, we build a pre-permuted RNA cube for 3D adaptive scrambling by pixel depth, chaotic sequences, and adaptive RNA coding. Finally, selective diffusion combined with pixel depth and RNA operations is performed, in which the RNA operators are determined by the chemical structure and properties of amino acids. Pixel depth is integrated into the whole procedure of parameter generation, scrambling, and diffusion. Experiments and algorithm analyses show that our algorithm has strong security, desirable performance, and a broader scope of application.

scholarly journals Macroporous chitosan/methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) based cryosponges with unique morphology for tissue engineering applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Viness Pillay ◽  
Yahya E. Choonara
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Hysteresis Loops ◽  
Interpenetrating Polymer Network ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Porous Scaffolds ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Molecular Stability ◽  
The Matrix

AbstractThree-dimensional porous scaffolds are widely employed in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine for their ability to carry bioactives and cells; and for their platform properties to allow for bridging-the-gap within an injured tissue. This study describes the effect of various methoxypolyethylene glycol (mPEG) derivatives (mPEG (-OCH3 functionality), mPEG-aldehyde (mPEG-CHO) and mPEG-acetic acid (mPEG-COOH)) on the morphology and physical properties of chemically crosslinked, semi-interpenetrating polymer network (IPN), chitosan (CHT)/mPEG blend cryosponges. Physicochemical and molecular characterization revealed that the –CHO and –COOH functional groups in mPEG derivatives interacted with the –NH2 functionality of the chitosan chain. The distinguishing feature of the cryosponges was their unique morphological features such as fringe thread-, pebble-, curved quartz crystal-, crystal flower-; and canyon-like structures. The morphological data was well corroborated by the image processing data and physisorption curves corresponding to Type II isotherm with open hysteresis loops. Functionalization of mPEG had no evident influence on the macro-mechanical properties of the cryosponges but increased the matrix strength as determined by the rheomechanical analyses. The cryosponges were able to deliver bioactives (dexamethasone and curcumin) over 10 days, showed varied matrix degradation profiles, and supported neuronal cells on the matrix surface. In addition, in silico simulations confirmed the compatibility and molecular stability of the CHT/mPEG blend compositions. In conclusion, the study confirmed that significant morphological variations may be induced by minimal functionalization and crosslinking of biomaterials.

scholarly journals Mesh size sensitivity analysis for interlaminar fracture of the fiber-reinforced laminated composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 155892501988346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatih Daricik
Keyword(s):  
Crack Closure ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laminated Composite ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Strain Energy Release ◽  
Virtual Crack Closure Technique ◽  
Closure Technique ◽  
Interlaminar Fracture ◽  
Element Size

The virtual crack closure technique is a well-known finite element–based numerical method used to simulate fractures and it suits well to both of two-dimensional and three-dimensional interlaminar fracture analysis. In particular, strain energy release rate during a three-dimensional interlaminar fracture of laminated composite materials can successfully be computed using the virtual crack closure technique. However, the element size of a numerical model is an important concern for the success of the computation. The virtual crack closure technique analysis with a finer mesh converges the numerical results to experimental ones although such a model may need excessive modeling and computing times. Since, the finer element size through a crack path causes oscillation of the stresses at the free ends of the model, the plies in the delaminated zone may overlap. To eliminate this problem, the element size for the virtual crack closure technique should be adjusted to ascertain converged yet not oscillating results with an admissible processing time. In this study, mesh size sensitivity of the virtual crack closure technique is widely investigated for mode I and mode II interlaminar fracture analyses of laminated composite material models by considering experimental force and displacement responses of the specimens. Optimum sizes of the finite elements are determined in terms of the force, the displacement, and the strain energy release rate distribution along the width of the model.

Fast (non-)diffusive Quasi-Geostrophic Magneto-Coriolis Modes in the Earth's core

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Gerick ◽  
Dominique Jault ◽  
Jerome Noir
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Energy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Outer Core ◽  
Equatorial Region ◽  
Earth’S Core ◽  
Earth's Core ◽  
Strong Focusing ◽  
Geomagnetic Observations ◽  
And Diffusion

<p> Fast changes of Earth's magnetic field could be explained by inviscid and diffusion-less quasi-geostrophic (QG) Magneto-Coriolis modes. We present a hybrid QG model with columnar flows and three-dimensional magnetic fields and find modes with periods of a few years at parameters relevant to Earth's core. These fast Magneto-Coriolis modes show strong focusing of their kinetic and magnetic energy in the equatorial region, while maintaining a relatively large spatial structure along the azimuthal direction. Their properties agree with some of the observations and inferred core flows. We find additionally, in contrast to what has been assumed previously, that these modes are not affected significantly by magnetic diffusion. The model opens a new way of inverting geomagnetic observations to the flow and magnetic field deep within the Earth's outer core.</p>

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