scholarly journals Effect on Rheological Properties and 3D Printability of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Microporous Particles in Hydrocolloid-Based Hydrogels

Gels ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Helena Herrada-Manchón ◽  
David Rodríguez-González ◽  
Manuel Alejandro Fernández ◽  
Nathan William Kucko ◽  
Florence Barrère-de Groot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Biphasic Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Solid Dispersions ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Particle Characteristics ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Material Interaction ◽  
Significant Attention

The production of patient-specific bone substitutes with an exact fit through 3D printing is emerging as an alternative to autologous bone grafting. To the success of tissue regeneration, the material characteristics such as porosity, stiffness, and surface topography have a strong influence on the cell–material interaction and require significant attention. Printing a soft hydrocolloid-based hydrogel reinforced with irregularly-shaped microporous biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) particles (150–500 µm) is an alternative strategy for the acquisition of a complex network with good mechanical properties that could fulfill the needs of cell proliferation and regeneration. Three well-known hydrocolloids (sodium alginate, xanthan gum, and gelatin) have been combined with BCP particles to generate stable, homogenous, and printable solid dispersions. Through rheological assessment, it was determined that the crosslinking time, printing process parameters (infill density percentage and infill pattern), as well as BCP particle size and concentration all influence the stiffness of the printed matrices. Additionally, the swelling behavior on fresh and dehydrated 3D-printed structures was investigated, where it was observed that the BCP particle characteristics influenced the constructs’ water absorption, particle diffusion out of the matrix and degradability.

scholarly journals Ceramic 3D-Printed Titanium Cranioplasty

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-333
Author(s):  
Maurice Y. Mommaerts ◽  
Paul R. Depauw ◽  
Erik Nout
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Border Zone ◽  
Implant Design ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Free Calcium ◽  
Cranial Implant ◽  
3D Printed

Study Design: Inlay cranioplasties following partial craniectomy in tumor or trauma cases and onlay cranioplasties for reconstructions of residual developmental skull anomalies are frequently performed using CAD-CAM techniques. Objective: In this case series, we present a novel cranial implant design, being a combination of 3D-printed titanium grade 23 and calcium phosphate paste (CeTi). Methods: The titanium patient-specific implant, manufactured using selective laser melting, has a latticed border with interconnected micropores. The cranioplasty is miniscrew fixed and its border zone subsequently partially filled with calcium phosphate paste to promote osteoinduction and osteoconduction. From April 2017 to April 2019, 8 patients have been treated with such a CeTi implant. The inlay cranioplasties were each time revision surgeries of complicated cases. Results: All implants were successful after a limited follow-up time (range 18-42 months). There were no dehiscences and no infections, and no complaints of thermal conduction. Conclusions: The proposed CeTi cranial implant combines the strength of titanium implants with the biological integration potential of ceramic implants and seems particularly resistant to infection, probably due to the biofunctionalized titanium surface and the antimicrobial activity of elevated intracellular free calcium levels.

scholarly journals Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Bioceramics for Orthopaedic Reconstructions: Clinical Outcomes

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Garrido ◽  
Sonja E. Lobo ◽  
Flávio M. Turíbio ◽  
Racquel Z. LeGeros
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Biphasic Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Excellent Result ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Bone Reconstruction

BCP are considered the most promising biomaterials for bone reconstruction. This study aims at analyzing the outcomes of patients who received BCP as bone substitutes in orthopaedic surgeries. Sixty-six patients were categorized according to the etiology and morphology of the bone defects and received scores after clinical and radiographic evaluations. The final results corresponded to the combination of both parameters and varied from 5 (excellent result) to 2 or lower (poor result). Most of the patients who presented cavitary defects or bone losses due to prosthesis placement or revision, osteotomies, or arthrodesis showed good results, and some of them excellent results. However, patients with segmental defects equal or larger than 3 cm in length were classified as moderate results. This study established clinical parameters where the BCP alone can successfully support the osteogenic process and where the association with other tissue engineering strategies may be considered.

Impact of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Bioceramics on Osteoporotic Hip Bone Mineralization In Vivo Six Months after Implantation

2016 ◽  
Vol 721 ◽  
pp. 229-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandris Petronis ◽  
Janis Locs ◽  
Vita Zalite ◽  
Mara Pilmane ◽  
Andrejs Skagers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Biphasic Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Osteoporotic Bone ◽  
Local Recovery

Calcium bone substitutes are successfully used for local recovery of osteoporotic bone and filling of bone defects. Previous studies revieled that biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) show better bioactivity in compare to pure β-tricalcium phosphate or hydroxyapatite. Also increased porosity of material promotes better bone tissue response. Aim of this experiment was to evaluate immunohistologically response of osteoporotic bone of experimental animal to implantation of granules with hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate (HAp/β-TCP) ratio of 90/10. Calcium phosphate (CaP) was synthesized by aqueous precipitation technique from calcium hydroxide and phosphoric acid. Bioceramic granules in size range from 1.0 to 1.4 mm were prepared with nanopore sizes around 200 nm. We used nine female rabbits with induced osteoporosis in this experiment. Six animals in study group underwent implantation of BCP in hip bone defect and three animals in control group left without BCP implantation. After 6 months animals were euthanized, bone samples collected and proceeded for detection of bone activity and repair markers: osteocalcin (OC), osteopontin (OP) and osteoprotegerin (OPG). Controls showed the presence of experimental bone osteoporosis. In experimental group bone showed partially resorbed bioceramic granules and in some samples new bone formation near the granuli was observed. Increase of OC and OPG up to twice as to compare to control group were detected as well. Implantation of BCP granules in osteoporotic rabbit bone increases expression of OC and OPG indicating the activation of osteoblastogenesis and bone mineralization in vivo.

scholarly journals Influence of surface porosity and pH on bacterial adherence to hydroxyapatite and biphasic calcium phosphate bioceramics

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teemu J. Kinnari ◽  
Jaime Esteban ◽  
Nieves Z. Martin-de-Hijas ◽  
Orlando Sánchez-Muñoz ◽  
Sandra Sánchez-Salcedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Biphasic Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Surgical Trauma ◽  
Logarithmic Scale

Hydroxyapatite (HA) and biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) ceramic materials are widely employed as bone substitutes due to their porous and osteoconductive structure. Their porosity and the lowering of surrounding pH as a result of surgical trauma may, however, predispose these materials to bacterial infections. For this reason, the influence of porosity and pH on the adherence of common Gram-positive bacteria to the surfaces of these materials requires investigation. Mercury intrusion porosimetry measurements revealed that the pore size distribution of both bioceramics had, on a logarithmic scale, a sinusoidal frequency distribution ranging from 50 to 300 nm, with a mean pore diameter of 200 nm. Moreover, total porosity was 20 % for HA and 50 % for BCP. Adherence of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis was studied at a physiological pH of 7.4 and at a pH simulating bone infection of 6.8. Moreover, the effect of pH on the ζ potential of HA, BCP and of both staphylococci was evaluated. Results showed that when pH decreased from 7.4 to 6.8, the adherence of both staphylococci to HA and BCP surfaces decreased significantly, although at the same time the negative ζ-potential values of the ceramic surfaces and both bacteria diminished. At both pH values, the number of S. aureus adhered to the HA surface appeared to be lower than that for BCP. A decrease in pH to 6.8 reduced the adherence of both bacterial species (mean 57 %). This study provides evidence that HA and BCP ceramics do not have pores sufficiently large to allow the internalization of staphylococci. Their anti-adherent properties seemed to improve when pH value decreased, suggesting that HA and BCP bioceramics are not compromised upon orthopaedic use.

scholarly journals The 3D Printing of Calcium Phosphate with K-Carrageenan under Conditions Permitting the Incorporation of Biological Components—A Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy Kelder ◽  
Astrid Bakker ◽  
Jenneke Klein-Nulend ◽  
Daniël Wismeijer
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Porous Scaffolds ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Golden Standard

Critical-size bone defects are a common clinical problem. The golden standard to treat these defects is autologous bone grafting. Besides the limitations of availability and co-morbidity, autografts have to be manually adapted to fit in the defect, which might result in a sub-optimal fit and impaired healing. Scaffolds with precise dimensions can be created using 3-dimensional (3D) printing, enabling the production of patient-specific, ‘tailor-made’ bone substitutes with an exact fit. Calcium phosphate (CaP) is a popular material for bone tissue engineering due to its biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, and biodegradable properties. To enhance bone formation, a bioactive 3D-printed CaP scaffold can be created by combining the printed CaP scaffold with biological components such as growth factors and cytokines, e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). However, the 3D-printing of CaP with a biological component is challenging since production techniques often use high temperatures or aggressive chemicals, which hinders/inactivates the bioactivity of the incorporated biological components. Therefore, in our laboratory, we routinely perform extrusion-based 3D-printing with a biological binder at room temperature to create porous scaffolds for bone healing. In this method paper, we describe in detail a 3D-printing procedure for CaP paste with K-carrageenan as a biological binder.

Microstructural Evolution on Dissolution of Commercial Calcium Phosphate Ceramics

2004 ◽  
Vol 449-452 ◽  
pp. 1177-1180
Author(s):  
Dong Seok Seo ◽  
Hwan Kim ◽  
Jong Kook Lee
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Biphasic Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Primary Defect ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Ceramics ◽  
Defect Site ◽  
Soluble Compound ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Moisture Protection

Three types of calcium phosphate ceramics, i.e. tricalcium phosphate, biphasic calcium phosphate and near stoichiometric hydroxyapatite, were prepared by sintering at 1200oC for 2 h in air with moisture protection. Their dissolution processes were investigated by taking microstructural observations after immersion in distilled water for 3 or 7 days. It was found that the surface dissolution of the ceramics was initiated at grain boundaries and generated many separated grains. In case of the materials with high porosity, the residual pores on the surface appeared to be a primary defect site where the dissolution starts although the soluble compound was existed on the matrix.

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