Is miRNA Regulation the Key to Controlling Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Evolution?

Non melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is one of the most common types of skin cancer. It has a number of subtypes, which include basal cell carcinoma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and Merkel cell carcinoma. MicroRNAs are short, non-coding RNA (ribonucleic acid) molecules, capable of regulating gene expression at a post transcriptional level. They play a pivotal role in a variety of physiologic cellular functions and pathologies, including malignant diseases. The development of miRNAs represents an important study field, which has been extensively exploited in melanoma for almost a decade with promising results, therefore we consider it a stepstone for further research projects also in non-melanoma skin cancers. The aim of our study was to explore the current literature in order to present the role of the different miRNAs in some of the most frequent types of NMSC pertaining to oncogenesis, evolution and therapy. The most relevant and accurate available data from the literature were evaluated. Our study concluded that there are almost 100 miRNAs which can be upregulated or downregulated and can play a role in oncogenesis. They can be easily identified in circulation, are stable and they can be important diagnosis/prognosis and therapy monitoring markers.

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Variation in Skin Cancer Pattern in the Southwestern Region of Pakistan

10.53350/pjmhs2115123402 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. 3402-3404

Author(s):

Hina , Manzoor ◽

Najeeb Ahmad ◽

Zafar H Tanveer ◽

Khush Naseed Ahmed ◽

Munir , Ahmed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Skin Cancer ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Published Data ◽

Non Melanoma Skin Cancer ◽

Broad Term ◽

The Difference ◽

Field Workers ◽

Melanoma Skin

Background: Skin cancer is a broad term that refers to a variety of different types of cancer. It is usually recognized as non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancer. In many parts of the world, the prevalence is high, with significant ecological and ethical variation. Objectives: Objective was to determine demographic and histological features of skin cancer in Southwest region of Pakistan. Methodology: This retrospective study was carried out on skin cancer 1169 cases of Centre for Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy (CENAR) in Quetta. The data from January 2000 to December 2009 (10Years) was retrieved from record. The aim was to determine the importance of skin cancer in this area, its gender wise distribution and its pathological types. Results: Record of total 9308 cancer patients was retrieved from patients presenting to CENAR Quetta. From 9308 case, 1169(12.5%) patients were of skin cancer which was second most prevalent category of cancer in this area. Prevalence was higher in males with 713(61%) cases as compared to females. Pathologically with 634(54%) cases, the most prevalent category was Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Conclusion: Skin cancer is wide-spread type of cancer in patients of south-west region of Pakistan. The findings of this study are not aligned with published data. The difference is because of high altitude of the study area, dry climate and long skin exposure particularly in low socio-economic field workers. Keywords: Skin cancer, gender, Melanoma skin cancer (MSC), Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), Basal cell carcinoma (BCC),

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Surgical Management of Melanoma and Other Skin Cancers

10.2310/surg.2038 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Jennifer A. Wargo ◽

Kenneth Tenabe

Keyword(s):

Lymph Node ◽

Surgical Treatment ◽

Skin Cancer ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Stage Iv ◽

Stage Iii ◽

Non Melanoma Skin Cancer ◽

Skin Cancers ◽

Stage Iv Melanoma ◽

Melanoma Skin

The prevalence of malignant skin cancers has increased significantly over the past several years. Approximately 1.2 million cases of non-melanoma skin cancer are diagnosed per year. More alarming, up to 80,000 cases of melanoma are diagnosed per year, an incidence that has been steadily increasing, with a lifetime risk of 1 in 50 for the development of melanoma. The disturbing increase in the incidence of both non-melanoma skin cancer and melanoma can largely be attributed to the social attitude toward sun exposure. The clinical assessment and management of skin lesions can be challenging. This review describes the assessment process, including thorough history and examination; the need for possible biopsy; and excision criteria. Specific types of skin cancer are distinguished and include basal cell carcinoma; squamous cell carcinoma; and melanoma; and for each type the incidence; epidemiology; histologic subtypes; diagnosis; and both surgical and non-surgical treatments are provided. Stages I-IV of melanoma are detailed, with prognostic factors described. Surgical treatment for stages I and II include description of the margins of excision and sentinel lymph node biopsy. The surgical treatment of Stage III melanoma further includes therapeutic lymph node dissection and isolated limb perfusion. Adjuvant therapies are also presented and include radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The additional treatment of metastasectomy for Stage IV melanoma is described. For both Stage III and IV melanoma, the study of vaccines to host immune cells is reported. For Stage IV melanoma, the text also describes immunotherapy treatment. Operative procedures specific to superficial and deep groin dissections are outlined. This review contains 9 figures, 3 tables, and 96 references.

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Current and Future Trends in Molecular Biomarkers for Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Predictive Purposes in Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9092868 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 2868 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Taxiarchis Konstantinos Nikolouzakis ◽

Luca Falzone ◽

Konstantinos Lasithiotakis ◽

Sabine Krüger-Krasagakis ◽

Alexandra Kalogeraki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skin Cancer ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cpg Island ◽

Distant Metastases ◽

Telomerase Activity ◽

Molecular Biomarkers ◽

Non Melanoma Skin Cancer ◽

Cpg Island Methylation ◽

Bowen Disease ◽

Melanoma Skin

Skin cancer represents the most common type of cancer among Caucasians and presents in two main forms: melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). NMSC is an umbrella term, under which basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) are found along with the pre-neoplastic lesions, Bowen disease (BD) and actinic keratosis (AK). Due to the mild nature of the majority of NMSC cases, research regarding their biology has attracted much less attention. Nonetheless, NMSC can bear unfavorable characteristics for the patient, such as invasiveness, local recurrence and distant metastases. In addition, late diagnosis is relatively common for a number of cases of NMSC due to the inability to recognize such cases. Recognizing the need for clinically and economically efficient modes of diagnosis, staging, and prognosis, the present review discusses the main etiological and pathological features of NMSC as well as the new and promising molecular biomarkers available including telomere length (TL), telomerase activity (TA), CpG island methylation (CIM), histone methylation and acetylation, microRNAs (miRNAs), and micronuclei frequency (MNf). The evaluation of all these aspects is important for the correct management of NMSC; therefore, the current review aims to assist future studies interested in exploring the diagnostic and prognostic potential of molecular biomarkers for these entities.

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Pharmacologic Immunomodulation and Cutaneous Malignancy in Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriasis, and Psoriatic Arthritis

The Journal of Rheumatology ◽

10.3899/jrheum.100041 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 37 (11) ◽

pp. 2205-2215 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

MICHAEL S. KRATHEN ◽

ALICE B. GOTTLIEB ◽

PHILIP J. MEASE

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Psoriatic Arthritis ◽

Skin Cancer ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

English Language ◽

Immunomodulatory Therapy ◽

Cutaneous Malignancy ◽

Non Melanoma Skin Cancer ◽

Necrosis Factor ◽

Melanoma Skin

Objective.It is unclear if skin cancer risk is affected by the use of immunomodulatory medications in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriasis, and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). The purpose of this study is to evaluate and summarize the available data pertinent to this question.Methods.The English language literature on PubMed was searched with a combination of phrases, including “malignancy,” “skin cancer,” “squamous cell carcinoma,” “basal cell carcinoma,” “melanoma,” “psoriasis,” “psoriatic arthritis,” and “rheumatoid arthritis” in addition to the generic names of a variety of common immunomodulatory drugs. Relevant articles were identified and data were extracted.Results.In total, 2218 potentially relevant articles were identified through the search process. After further screening, 20 articles relevant to RA were included. An additional 19 articles relevant to either psoriasis or PsA were included as well. RA may be a risk factor for the development of cutaneous malignancy. Treatment with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors increases the rates of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in RA and psoriasis. This risk doubles when combination methotrexate therapy is used in RA. Methotrexate may increase the risk of malignant melanoma in patients with RA and the risk of NMSC in psoriasis. Cyclosporine and prior phototherapy significantly increase the risk of NMSC.Conclusion.RA may potentiate the risk of cutaneous malignancy and therefore dermatologic screening in this population should be considered. The use of immunomodulatory therapy in RA, psoriasis, and PsA may further increase the risk of cutaneous malignancy and therefore dermatologic screening examinations are warranted in these groups. More careful recording of skin cancer development during clinical trials and cohort studies is necessary to further delineate the risks of immunomodulatory therapy.

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A Novel Nonparametric Technique for Segmenting Multimode Hyperspectral Images Obtained From Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Lesions

2020 Design of Medical Devices Conference ◽

10.1115/dmd2020-9045 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gamal G. N. Geweid ◽

Fartash Vasefi ◽

Kouhyar Tavakolian

Keyword(s):

Skin Cancer ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Imaging System ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Hyperspectral Images ◽

Mohs Surgery ◽

Non Melanoma Skin Cancer ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Experimental Findings ◽

Melanoma Skin

Abstract Keratinocyte Carcinoma, more traditionally known as Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), is the most common cancer in humans. Incidence continues to increase despite increased public awareness of the harmful effects of solar radiation. In this paper, a non-parametric technique based on image registration will be applied to the multimode hyperspectral imaging system to segment Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) and Squamous cell carcinoma lesions (SCC). The aim is to enhance Mohs surgery by determining the actual borderlines of the desired area in the patient’s images, leading to increased efficiency and efficacy of the Mohs surgery. The proposed algorithm was applied to four sets of different Multimode hyperspectral Images with Non-Melanoma Skin. The experimental findings showed that the proposed algorithm is effective in Non-Melanoma skin detection. This could lead to improved image-guided excision of cancerous lesions with potential applications in robotic interventions.

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Skin cancer

10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0259 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Rubeta Matin ◽

Jane McGregor ◽

Catherine Harwood

Keyword(s):

Skin Cancer ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cutaneous Metastasis ◽

Primary Malignancy ◽

Non Melanoma Skin Cancer ◽

Skin Cancers ◽

Cutaneous Lymphomas ◽

The Uk ◽

Late Stages ◽

Melanoma Skin

Skin cancer is very common in the UK, and its incidence is rising rapidly. There are two broad classes of primary skin cancer: non-melanoma and melanoma. Non-melanoma skin cancer is the commonest form (100 000 cases diagnosed annually in the UK), accounting for nine out of ten skin cancers and includes basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Cutaneous melanoma is less common (10 000 cases diagnosed in the UK annually) but confers a significantly worse prognosis and accounts for 75% of skin cancer related deaths. There are also a number of other, rarer, non-melanoma skin cancers (e.g. appendageal carcinomas, Merkel cell carcinoma, sarcomas, vascular malignancies, and cutaneous lymphomas); however, these account for less than 1% of all skin cancers in the UK and so will not be specifically discussed in this chapter. Cutaneous metastases can occur secondary to any internal cancer or, indeed, to skin cancer (e.g. melanoma). In most cases, cutaneous metastasis occurs after the diagnosis of a primary cancer and usually in late stages of the disease but, in some cases, it may be the first presentation, in which case it should prompt a thorough investigation for the primary malignancy.

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A new hypothesis to explain skin cancer risk in kidney allograft recipients

Journal of Onco-Nephrology ◽

10.1177/2399369320972122 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 239936932097212

Author(s):

Davide Viggiano ◽

Michael W Lee ◽

Mariadelina Simeoni ◽

Giovambattista Capasso ◽

Anna Capasso

Keyword(s):

Skin Cancer ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Calcineurin Inhibitors ◽

Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽

Non Melanoma Skin Cancer ◽

Incident Cancer ◽

Increased Risk ◽

New Hypothesis ◽

Melanoma Skin

Kidney transplant (KT) recipients have an increased risk for specific types of cancer. Some forms of incident cancer are similarly present in other diseases where T-cells are depleted, such as HIV-infection: specifically, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Kaposi’s sarcoma. Conversely, other forms of highly incident cancers in KT patients, primarily non-melanoma skin cancer (squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma), are specific to this condition. By comparing HIV-related cancers, general cancer incidence, and the association of immunotherapy with cancer incidence, we suggest that the high incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer seen in KT patients is mediated by off-target effects of calcineurin inhibitors in the skin, combined with a “permissive” cancer microinflammatory environment.

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The incidence and clinical analysis of non-melanoma skin cancer

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-83502-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Magdalena Ciążyńska ◽

Grażyna Kamińska-Winciorek ◽

Dariusz Lange ◽

Bogumił Lewandowski ◽

Adam Reich ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skin Cancer ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Cancer Registries ◽

Clinical Analysis ◽

Tumour Site ◽

Non Melanoma Skin Cancer ◽

Skin Cancers ◽

The Face ◽

Melanoma Skin

AbstractNon-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are the most common malignancies diagnosed in Caucasian populations. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most frequent skin cancer, followed by squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Unfortunately, most European cancer registries do not record individual types of NMSC. To evaluate the incidence of primary BCCs and SCCs regarding age, sex, tumour site and tumour subtype to determine trends in epidemiology of both cancers. Retrospective analysis of BCCs and SCCs diagnosed and treated across seven sites in Poland from 1999 to 2019. We recorded 13,913 NMSCs occurring in 10,083 patients. BCC represented 85.2% of all cases. SCC patients were older than BCC patients (77.1 ± 11.3 years vs. 70.1 ± 12.3 years, p < 0.01). The nodular subtype was the most common subtype of BCC, followed by the superficial and infiltrative subtypes. The superficial BCC subtype was more common on photoprotected areas (p < 0.01), whereas the nodular BCC subtype occurred on the face (p < 0.01). The high-risk SCC subtypes were more common on face compared to low-risk SCC subtypes (p < 0.01). BCC and SCC are common malignancies developing at various ages and anatomical sites. These data underline the need for better registration policies regarding NMSC in order to improve prevention and treatment strategies for these tumours.

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Topical L-Ascorbic Acid Formulation for a Better Management of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Perspective for Treatment Strategies

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13081201 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 1201

Author(s):

Pier Cesare Capponi ◽

Domenico Murri ◽

Carmine Pernice

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Skin Cancer ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Short Review ◽

Topical Formulation ◽

Non Melanoma Skin Cancer ◽

Ability To Act ◽

Melanoma Skin

L-ascorbic acid, is a well-known molecule, sometimes used as antioxidant for skin care. Nonetheless, few studies have taken in account its utility as topical treatment for non-melanoma skin vancer. Non-melanoma skin cancer includes basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma and is widespread worldwide with an increasing incidence. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the characteristics of L-ascorbic acid topical formulation, its percutaneous absorption and biochemical mechanism, focusing on its anti-cancer properties. In particular, it will be described how the pH and the concentration of the formulation are able to influence its distribution in the skin and tissues. We will report, the current knowledge on the pharmacokinetic aspects of L-ascorbic acid that allows us to reconsider it in the light of its ability to act as a prodrug and as an anticancer agent. Lastly, a short review with the aim to find any evidence of a possible clinical use of L-ascorbic acid for the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer was made.

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Somatic Mutations in TP53 Gene in Colombian Patients With Non-melanoma Skin Cancer

Cancer Diagnosis & Prognosis ◽

10.21873/cdp.10084 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 107-114

Author(s):

LUZ DARY GUTIÉRREZ-CASTAÑEDA ◽

JOHN NOVA ◽

MARÍA IRENE CEREZO-CORTÉS

Keyword(s):

Skin Cancer ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Basal Cell ◽

Somatic Mutations ◽

Tp53 Gene ◽

Non Melanoma Skin Cancer ◽

Basal Cell Carcinomas ◽

Frequent Mutations ◽

Melanoma Skin

Background/Aim: Non-melanoma skin cancer is the most common cancer in the world. Somatic mutations in the TP53 gene are associated with the development of this cancer. To describe mutations in exons 5-8 of the TP53 gene in a sample of Colombian patients with non-melanoma skin cancer. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifteen patients with non-melanoma skin cancer were included. Exons 5-8 were amplified and analyzed by PCR-High Resolution Melting and Sanger sequencing. Results: Fifty-seven patients with basal cell carcinomas and 58 with squamous cell carcinomas were studied. 16% of patients with basal cell carcinoma and 26% of patients with squamous cell carcinoma had mutations in the TP53 gene. The most frequent mutations were substitutions, while three patients had deletions. The most frequent mutation was p.R158G. Conclusion: The analysis showed that Colombian individuals with non-melanoma skin cancer have genetic TP53 variants different from those reported as recurrent for this disease.

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