scholarly journals Bioinformatics Analysis of SNPs in IL-6 Gene Promoter of Jinghai Yellow Chickens

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shijie Xin ◽  
Xiaohui Wang ◽  
Guojun Dai ◽  
Jingjing Zhang ◽  
Tingting An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Promoter Region ◽  
Bioinformatics Analysis ◽  
Cpg Islands ◽  
Regulatory Region ◽  
Transcription Factor Binding Sites ◽  
Transcription Factor Binding ◽  
Factor Binding

The proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin-6 (IL-6), plays a critical role in many chronic inflammatory diseases, particularly inflammatory bowel disease. To investigate the regulation of IL-6 gene expression at the molecular level, genomic DNA sequencing of Jinghai yellow chickens (Gallus gallus) was performed to detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the region −2200 base pairs (bp) upstream to 500 bp downstream of IL-6. Transcription factor binding sites and CpG islands in the IL-6 promoter region were predicted using bioinformatics software. Twenty-eight SNP sites were identified in IL-6. Four of these 28 SNPs, three [−357 (G > A), −447 (C > G), and −663 (A > G)] in the 5′ regulatory region and one in the 3′ non-coding region [3177 (C > T)] are not labelled in GenBank. Bioinformatics analysis revealed 11 SNPs within the promoter region that altered putative transcription factor binding sites. Furthermore, the C-939G mutation in the promoter region may change the number of CpG islands, and SNPs in the 5′ regulatory region may influence IL-6 gene expression by altering transcription factor binding or CpG methylation status. Genetic diversity analysis revealed that the newly discovered A-663G site significantly deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. These results provide a basis for further exploration of the promoter function of the IL-6 gene and the relationships of these SNPs to intestinal inflammation resistance in chickens.

scholarly journals Regulation of chicken vanin1 gene expression by peroxisome proliferators activated receptor α and miRNA-181a-5p

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-184
Author(s):  
Zhongliang Wang ◽  
Jianfeng Yu ◽  
Nan Hua ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Lu Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Promoter Region ◽  
Transcription Factor Binding Sites ◽  
Transcription Factor Binding ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferators ◽  
Factor Binding

Objective: Vanin1 (VNN1) is a pantetheinase that can catalyze the hydrolysis of pantetheine to produce pantothenic acid and cysteamine. Our previous studies showed that <i>VNN1</i> is specifically expressed in chicken liver. In this study, we aimed to investigate the roles of peroxisome proliferators activated receptor α (PPARα) and miRNA-181a-5p in regulating <i>VNN1</i> gene expression in chicken liver.Methods: 5′-RACE was performed to identify the transcription start site of chicken <i>VNN1</i>. JASPAR and TFSEARCH were used to analyze the potential transcription factor binding sites in the promoter region of chicken <i>VNN1</i> and miRanda was used to search miRNA binding sites in 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of chicken <i>VNN1</i>. We used a knock-down strategy to manipulate PPARα (or miRNA-181a-5p) expression levels <i>in vitro</i> to further investigate its effect on <i>VNN1</i> gene transcription. Luciferase reporter assays were used to explore the specific regions of VNN1 targeted by PPARα and miRNA-181a-5p.Results: Sequence analysis of the VNN1 promoter region revealed several transcription factor-binding sites, including hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α (HNF1α), PPARα, and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α. GW7647 (a specific agonist of PPARα) increased the expression level of <i>VNN1</i> mRNA in chicken primary hepatocytes, whereas knockdown of PPARα with siRNA increased VNN1 mRNA expression. Moreover, the predicted PPARα-binding site was confirmed to be necessary for PPARα regulation of <i>VNN1</i> gene expression. In addition, the <i>VNN1</i> 3′UTR contains a sequence that is completely complementary to nucleotides 1 to 7 of miRNA-181a-5p. Overexpression of miR-181a-5p significantly decreased the expression level of <i>VNN1</i> mRNA.Conclusion: This study demonstrates that PPARα is an important transcriptional activator of <i>VNN1</i> gene expression and that miRNA-181a-5p acts as a negative regulator of <i>VNN1</i> expression in chicken hepatocytes.

scholarly journals Pleiotropy in enhancer function is encoded through diverse genetic architectures

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ella Preger-Ben Noon ◽  
Gonzalo Sabarís ◽  
Daniela Ortiz ◽  
Jonathan Sager ◽  
Anna Liebowitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Transcription Factor Binding Sites ◽  
Transcription Factor Binding ◽  
Factor Binding ◽  
Drive Gene Expression ◽  
Enhancer Function ◽  
Drive Gene

AbstractDevelopmental genes can have complex c/s-regulatory regions, with multiple enhancers scattered across stretches of DNA spanning tens or hundreds of kilobases. Early work revealed remarkable modularity of enhancers, where distinct regions of DNA, bound by combinations of transcription factors, drive gene expression in defined spatio-temporal domains. Nevertheless, a few reports have shown that enhancer function may be required in multiple developmental stages, implying that regulatory elements can be pleiotropic. In these cases, it is not clear whether the pleiotropic enhancers employ the same transcription factor binding sites to drive expression at multiple developmental stages or whether enhancers function as chromatin scaffolds, where independent sets of transcription factor binding sites act at different stages. In this work we have studied the activity of the enhancers of the shavenbaby gene throughout D. melanogaster development. We found that all seven shavenbaby enhancers drive gene expression in multiple tissues and developmental stages at varying levels of redundancy. We have explored how this pleiotropy is encoded in two of these enhancers. In one enhancer, the same transcription factor binding sites contribute to embryonic and pupal expression, whereas for a second enhancer, these roles are largely encoded by distinct transcription factor binding sites. Our data suggest that enhancer pleiotropy might be a common feature of c/s-regulatory regions of developmental genes and that this pleiotropy can be encoded through multiple genetic architectures.

CLUSTERING AND RE-CLUSTERING FOR PATTERN DISCOVERY IN GENE EXPRESSION DATA

2005 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 281-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
PATRICK C. H. MA ◽  
KEITH C. C. CHAN ◽  
DAVID K. Y. CHIU
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Gene Expression Data ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Transcription Factor Binding Sites ◽  
Transcription Factor Binding ◽  
Pairwise Distance ◽  
Expression Data ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Factor Binding

The combined interpretation of gene expression data and gene sequences is important for the investigation of the intricate relationships of gene expression at the transcription level. The expression data produced by microarray hybridization experiments can lead to the identification of clusters of co-expressed genes that are likely co-regulated by the same regulatory mechanisms. By analyzing the promoter regions of co-expressed genes, the common regulatory patterns characterized by transcription factor binding sites can be revealed. Many clustering algorithms have been used to uncover inherent clusters in gene expression data. In this paper, based on experiments using simulated and real data, we show that the performance of these algorithms could be further improved. For the clustering of expression data typically characterized by a lot of noise, we propose to use a two-phase clustering algorithm consisting of an initial clustering phase and a second re-clustering phase. The proposed algorithm has several desirable features: (i) it utilizes both local and global information by computing both a "local" pairwise distance between two gene expression profiles in Phase 1 and a "global" probabilistic measure of interestingness of cluster patterns in Phase 2, (ii) it distinguishes between relevant and irrelevant expression values when performing re-clustering, and (iii) it makes explicit the patterns discovered in each cluster for possible interpretations. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can be an effective algorithm for discovering clusters in the presence of very noisy data. The patterns that are discovered in each cluster are found to be meaningful and statistically significant, and cannot otherwise be easily discovered. Based on these discovered patterns, genes co-expressed under the same experimental conditions and range of expression levels have been identified and evaluated. When identifying regulatory patterns at the promoter regions of the co-expressed genes, we also discovered well-known transcription factor binding sites in them. These binding sites can provide explanations for the co-expressed patterns.

scholarly journals Verification and Analysis of Sheep Tail Type-Associated PDGF-D Gene Polymorphisms

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Li ◽  
Zengkui Lu ◽  
Meilin Jin ◽  
Xiaojuan Fei ◽  
Kai Quan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Promoter Region ◽  
Adipogenic Differentiation ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Transcription Factor Binding Sites ◽  
Transcription Factor Binding ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Factor Binding

The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between the platelet-derived growth factor-D (PDGF-D) gene and sheep tail type character and explore the potential underlying mechanism. A total of 533 sheep were included in this study. Polymorphic sites were examined by Pool-seq, and individual genotype identification and correlation analysis between tail type data were conducted using the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (MALDI-TOF-MS) method. JASPART website was used to predict transcription factor binding sites in the promoter region with and without PDGF-D gene mutation. The effect of PDGF-D on adipogenic differentiation of sheep preadipocytes was investigated. Two single nucleotide polymorphism sites were identified: g.4122606 C > G site was significantly correlated with tail length, and g.3852134 C > T site was significantly correlated with tail width. g.3852134 C > T was located in the promoter region. Six transcription factor binding sites were eliminated after promoter mutation, and three new transcription factor binding sites appeared. Expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and lipoproteinlipase (LPL) were significantly up-regulated upon PDGF-D overexpression. Oil red O staining showed increased small and large oil drops in the PDGF-D overexpression group. Together these results indicate the PDGF-D gene is an important gene controlling sheep tail shape and regulating sheep tail fat deposition to a certain degree.

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