scholarly journals Phosphate Deficiency Negatively Affects Early Steps of the Symbiosis between Common Bean and Rhizobia

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariel Isidra-Arellano ◽  
María Reyero-Saavedra ◽  
Maria Sánchez-Correa ◽  
Lise Pingault ◽  
Sidharth Sen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Transcriptional Analysis ◽  
Phosphate Deficiency ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Thread Formation ◽  
Pi Deficiency ◽  
Genetic Responses ◽  
Infection Thread Formation

Phosphate (Pi) deficiency reduces nodule formation and development in different legume species including common bean. Despite significant progress in the understanding of the genetic responses underlying the adaptation of nodules to Pi deficiency, it is still unclear whether this nutritional deficiency interferes with the molecular dialogue between legumes and rhizobia. If so, what part of the molecular dialogue is impaired? In this study, we provide evidence demonstrating that Pi deficiency negatively affects critical early molecular and physiological responses that are required for a successful symbiosis between common bean and rhizobia. We demonstrated that the infection thread formation and the expression of PvNSP2, PvNIN, and PvFLOT2, which are genes controlling the nodulation process were significantly reduced in Pi-deficient common bean seedlings. In addition, whole-genome transcriptional analysis revealed that the expression of hormones-related genes is compromised in Pi-deficient seedlings inoculated with rhizobia. Moreover, we showed that regardless of the presence or absence of rhizobia, the expression of PvRIC1 and PvRIC2, two genes participating in the autoregulation of nodule numbers, was higher in Pi-deficient seedlings compared to control seedlings. The data presented in this study provides a mechanistic model to better understand how Pi deficiency impacts the early steps of the symbiosis between common bean and rhizobia.

scholarly journals Phosphate Deficiency Negatively Affects Early Steps of the Symbiosis between Common Bean and Rhizobia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariel C Isidra-Arellano ◽  
María del Rocio Reyero-Saavedra ◽  
María del Socorro Sánchez-Correa ◽  
Lise Pingault ◽  
Sidharth Sen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Transcriptional Analysis ◽  
Phosphate Deficiency ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Thread Formation ◽  
Pi Deficiency ◽  
Genetic Responses ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Infection Thread Formation

Phosphate (Pi) deficiency reduces nodule formation and development in different legume species including common bean. Despite the significant progress in the understanding of the genetic responses underlying the adaptation of nodules to Pi deficiency, it is still unclear whether this nutritional deficiency interferes with the molecular dialog between legumes and rhizobia, if so, what part of the molecular dialog is impaired? In this study, we provide evidence demonstrating that Pi deficiency negatively affects critical early molecular and physiological responses required for a successful symbiosis between common bean and rhizobia. We demonstrated that the infection thread formation and the expression of PvNSP2, PvNIN, and PvFLOT2, genes controlling the nodulation process, were significantly reduced in Pi-deficient common bean seedlings. Further transcriptional analysis revealed that the expression of hormones-related genes is compromised in Pi-deficient seedlings inoculated with rhizobia. Additionally, we showed that regardless of the presence or absence of rhizobia, the expression of PvRIC1 and PvRIC2, two genes participating in the autoregulation of nodule number, was higher in Pi-deficient seedlings than in control seedlings. The data presented in this study shed light on the understanding of how Pi deficiency impacts the early steps of the symbiosis between common bean and rhizobia.

scholarly journals Plant genes involved in root-nodule development on legumes

1995 ◽  
Vol 350 (1331) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Root Nodule ◽  
Nodule Development ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Atmospheric Nitrogen ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Nod Factor ◽  
Plant Genes ◽  
Thread Formation ◽  
Nodulin Genes ◽  
Infection Thread Formation

Rhizobium is able to induce the formation of a new organ on roots of leguminous plants, the root nodule, in which the penetrated bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen. This process is initiated by specific lipo-oligosaccharides, called Nod factors, secreted by the bacterium. Nodule formation proceeds through distinct steps like infection thread formation and activation of mitotic activity in cortical cells. During these steps specific plant genes, nodulin genes, are induced and several of these have been identified and characterized. Nodulin genes are used now as markers to study Nod factor perception and signal transduction.

scholarly journals The Mesorhizobium loti purB Gene Is Involved in Infection Thread Formation and Nodule Development in Lotus japonicus

2007 ◽  
Vol 189 (22) ◽  
pp. 8347-8352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin Okazaki ◽  
Yoshiyuki Hattori ◽  
Kazuhiko Saeki
Keyword(s):  
Lotus Japonicus ◽  
Infection Thread ◽  
Nodule Development ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Mesorhizobium Loti ◽  
Infection Threads ◽  
Thread Formation ◽  
Infection Thread Formation

ABSTRACT The purB and purH mutants of Mesorhizobium loti exhibited purine auxotrophy and nodulation deficiency on Lotus japonicus. In the presence of adenine, only the purH mutant induced nodule formation and the purB mutant produced few infection threads, suggesting that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide biosynthesis catalyzed by PurB is required for the establishment of symbiosis.

scholarly journals IPD3 Controls the Formation of Nitrogen-Fixing Symbiosomes in Pea and Medicago Spp.

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1333-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgenia Ovchinnikova ◽  
Etienne-Pascal Journet ◽  
Mireille Chabaud ◽  
Viviane Cosson ◽  
Pascal Ratet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Lotus Japonicus ◽  
Infection Thread ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Cytokinin Signaling ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Thread Formation ◽  
The Common ◽  
Infection Thread Formation

A successful nitrogen-fixing symbiosis requires the accommodation of rhizobial bacteria as new organelle-like structures, called symbiosomes, inside the cells of their legume hosts. Two legume mutants that are most strongly impaired in their ability to form symbiosomes are sym1/TE7 in Medicago truncatula and sym33 in Pisum sativum. We have cloned both MtSYM1 and PsSYM33 and show that both encode the recently identified interacting protein of DMI3 (IPD3), an ortholog of Lotus japonicus (Lotus) CYCLOPS. IPD3 and CYCLOPS were shown to interact with DMI3/CCaMK, which encodes a calcium- and calmodulin-dependent kinase that is an essential component of the common symbiotic signaling pathway for both rhizobial and mycorrhizal symbioses. Our data reveal a novel, key role for IPD3 in symbiosome formation and development. We show that MtIPD3 participates in but is not essential for infection thread formation and that MtIPD3 also affects DMI3-induced spontaneous nodule formation upstream of cytokinin signaling. Further, MtIPD3 appears to be required for the expression of a nodule-specific remorin, which controls proper infection thread growth and is essential for symbiosome formation.

scholarly journals Restriction of Infection Threads in Nodulation of Clover and Lucerne

1958 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary F Purchase
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Infection Thread ◽  
Tube Culture ◽  
Nodule Number ◽  
Infection Threads ◽  
Thread Formation ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Infection Thread Formation

Clover and lucerne roots from plants grown in tube culture were examined for infection thread formation and nodule number. The number of infection threads was about equal to the number of nodules in Trifolium pratense L.; this relation was shown to hold for abundantly and sparsely nodulating plants and for bacterial inocula.nts producing large and small numbers of nodules.

Commonality of root nodulation signals and nitrogen assimilation in tropical grain legumes belonging to the tribe Phaseoleae.

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix D. Dakora
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Root Exudate ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Bambara Groundnut ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Macrotyloma Geocarpum ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
The Tropics

The tribe Phaseoleae (family Leguminosae) is home to many of the annual food legumes cultivated in the tropics. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.), Kersting’s bean (Macrotyloma geocarpum L.), mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), all belonging to subtribe Phaseolinae, and together with soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr., subtribe Glycininae) and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L., subtribe Cajaninae), are important members of the tribe Phaseoleae. These legumes are unique in their use of identical root chemical molecules to induce the expression of nodulation genes in their respective homologous microsymbionts during nodule formation. Of those studied so far, common bean, soybean, Bambara groundnut, Kersting’s bean and cowpea all use the isoflavones daidzein, genistein and coumestrol as root exudate signals to induce the expression of nod genes in their rhizobial partners. Additionally, members of the Phaseoleae tribe are easily recognised on the basis of their tropical biogeographic origin, broad host nodulation habit, route of Rhizobium entry into roots, chemotaxonomy and use of a common isoflavone biosynthetic pathway, determinate nodulation phenotype and internal nodule anatomy, xylem composition and transportable solutes of fixed N, site of NO3– reduction and metabolic response of N2-fed plants to NO3– supply. These shared traits and their potential application for agriculture are discussed in this review.

scholarly journals Genetic Responses of Metabolically Active Limnospira indica Strain PCC 8005 Exposed to γ-Radiation during Its Lifecycle

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1626
Author(s):  
Anu Yadav ◽  
Laurens Maertens ◽  
Tim Meese ◽  
Filip Van Nieuwerburgh ◽  
Mohamed Mysara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Spent Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Transcriptional Analysis ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Batch Normalization ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Genetic Responses

Two morphotypes of the cyanobacterial Limnospira indica (formerly Arthrospira sp.) strain PCC 8005, denoted as P2 (straight trichomes) and P6 (helical trichomes), were subjected to chronic gamma radiation from spent nuclear fuel (SNF) rods at a dose rate of ca. 80 Gy.h−1 for one mass doubling period (approximately 3 days) under continuous light with photoautotrophic metabolism fully active. Samples were taken for post-irradiation growth recovery and RNA-Seq transcriptional analysis at time intervals of 15, 40, and 71.5 h corresponding to cumulative doses of ca. 1450, 3200, and 5700 Gy, respectively. Both morphotypes, which were previously reported by us to display different antioxidant capacities and differ at the genomic level in 168 SNPs, 48 indels and 4 large insertions, recovered equally well from 1450 and 3200 Gy. However, while the P2 straight type recovered from 5700 Gy by regaining normal growth within 6 days, the P6 helical type took about 13 days to recover from this dose, indicating differences in their radiation tolerance and response. To investigate these differences, P2 and P6 cells exposed to the intermediate dose of gamma radiation (3200 Gy) were analyzed for differential gene expression by RNA-Seq analysis. Prior to batch normalization, a total of 1553 genes (887 and 666 of P2 and P6, respectively, with 352 genes in common) were selected based on a two-fold change in expression and a false discovery rate FDR smaller or equal to 0.05. About 85% of these 1553 genes encoded products of yet unknown function. Of the 229 remaining genes, 171 had a defined function while 58 genes were transcribed into non-coding RNA including 21 tRNAs (all downregulated). Batch normalization resulted in 660 differentially expressed genes with 98 having a function and 32 encoding RNA. From PCC 8005-P2 and PCC 8005-P6 expression patterns, it emerges that although the cellular routes used by the two substrains to cope with ionizing radiation do overlap to a large extent, both strains displayed a distinct preference of priorities.

Photoinhibitory Damage to Chloroplasts under Phosphate Deficiency and Alleviation of Deficiency and Damage by Photorespiratory Reactions

1989 ◽  
Vol 44 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 524-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Heber ◽  
J. Viil ◽  
S. Neimanis ◽  
T. Mimura ◽  
K.-J. Dietz
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transport ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Oxygen Evolution ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light ◽  
Phosphate Deficiency ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Chloroplast Stroma ◽  
Pi Deficiency

Abstract Effects of Pi deficiency on photosynthesis ot isolated spinach chloroplasts were examined. The following observations were made: (1) Chloroplasts isolated in Pi-free media evolved oxygen in the light in the absence of added Pi until acid-extractable Pi in the chloroplasts had decreased to 1 to 2.5 m M . This Pi was unavailable for photophosphorylation as shown by the inability of the chloroplasts to respond by oxygen evolution to the addition of PGA. In the state of Pi-deficiency, stromal ATP to A DP ratios were in the light close to or below ratios observed in the dark. In the presence of 2 mᴍ PGA, addition of 20 μm Pi was insufficient to increase ATP to ADP ratios, but sufficient for appreciable oxygen evolution. (2) More Pi was available for oxygen evolution of phosphate-deficient chloroplasts at low levels of C02 than at high levels. This was due mainly to the suppression of oxygenation of RuBP by high C02 levels which prevented formation of phosphoglycolate and the subsequent release of Pi into the chloroplast stroma. (3) More oxygen was produced by phosphate-deficient chloroplasts at a low light intensity than at a high light intensity. This was due to increased availability of endogenous Pi under low light and to photoinhibition of the chloroplasts by high light. The main product of photosynthesis of phosphate-deficient chloroplasts in the presence of a high bicarbonate concentration was starch, and the main soluble product was PGA. (4) After phosphate-deficient chloroplasts had ceased to evolve oxygen in the light, they be­ came photosensitive. Part of the loss of the capacity for oxygen evolution is attributed to leakage of PGA, but the main reason for loss of function is photoinactivation of electron transport. Both photosystems of the electron transport chain were damaged by light. (5) Protection against photoinactivation was provided by coupled electron transport. Photo­ inactivation of phosphate-deficient chloroplasts was less extensive in the presence of low C02 concentrations which permitted oxygenation of RuBP than at high CO2 concentrations. Electron transport to C02 and other physiological electron acceptors and to the herbicide methylviologen was also protective. However, electron transport to oxygen in the Mehler reaction failed to provide appreciable protection against high light intensities, because oxygen reduction is slow and reactive oxygen species produced in the light contribute to photoinactivation.

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