scholarly journals The Role of Feminist Health Humanities Scholarship and Black Women’s Artistry in Re-Shaping the Origin Narrative of Modern, U.S. Gynecology

Humanities ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Rachel Dudley
Keyword(s):  
Primary Source ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Cultural Representations ◽  
Health Humanities ◽  
Enslaved Women ◽  
Historical Figures ◽  
Women's Lives ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Cultural Legacies ◽  
American Poets

Between 1845–1849, twelve enslaved women in Montgomery, Alabama lived through prolonged, gynecologic experimentation at the hands of Dr. James Marion Sims. What happened, in his 16-bed backyard hospital, often begins the origin narrative of modern U.S. gynecology and how it developed into a discrete and international, Western, scientific field of medicine. Sims autobiography references three of these women, by their first names only: Anarcha, Lucy and Betsey. The research questions here are: what more can be known about these women’s lives, their possible social networks and their cultural legacies? Further, what changes if the origin narrative of modern, U.S. gynecology begins with feminist health humanities scholarship and in the pages of black women’s artistry? I discuss original research findings, involving the following primary source: an 1841 property deed, mentioning first names of 7 other enslaved people owned by Sims. I, then, examine cotemporary U.S. feminist scholarly writing and artistic cultural representations, centering the lives of the women as important historical figures. Last, I conceptualize the notion of poetic ancestral witnessing within the work of the following three, twenty-first century, African American, poets: Bettina Judd, Dominique Christina and Kwoya Fagin Maples. These women published poetry collections on this history, between 2014 and 2018.

An Intimate Economy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra J. Finley
Keyword(s):  
Slave Trade ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Women's Labor ◽  
Enslaved Women ◽  
Slave Traders ◽  
Women's Lives ◽  
Personal Histories ◽  
Southern Society ◽  
Lower South

Alexandra Finley adds crucial new dimensions to the boisterous debate over the relationship between slavery and capitalism by placing women's labor at the center of the antebellum slave trade, focusing particularly on slave traders' ability to profit from enslaved women's domestic, reproductive, and sexual labor. The slave market infiltrated every aspect of southern society, including the most personal spaces of the household, the body, and the self. Finley shows how women’s work was necessary to the functioning of the slave trade, and thus to the spread of slavery to the Lower South, the expansion of cotton production, and the profits accompanying both of these markets. Through the personal histories of four enslaved women, Finley explores the intangible costs of the slave market, moving beyond ledgers, bills of sales, and statements of profit and loss to consider the often incalculable but nevertheless invaluable place of women's emotional, sexual, and domestic labor in the economy. The details of these women's lives reveal the complex intersections of economy, race, and family at the heart of antebellum society.

scholarly journals Students as Researchers, Collaborators, & End-users: Informing Campus Design

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy M. Huber ◽  
Lisa K. Waxman ◽  
Stephanie Clemons
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Interior Design ◽  
Design Problem ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Campus Design ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Apply Research ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Integration Strategies

Students in undergraduate design programs often lack opportunity to conduct original research and apply their findings to project solutions. Consequently, they struggle with identifying and framing a design problem, understanding the importance of research-based design, and how to appropriately apply research findings to the needs and desires of project stakeholders. In interior design, this unawareness can lead to design solutions that appeal to the eye, but lack defensible rationale and often do not solve the design problem, or meet user needs. Exposure to research methods and collaborations with practitioners may change how students approach design problems by fostering an empathetic understanding of the human experience.This design case describes a project design at two universities where 72 sophomore and junior students collaborated with furniture manufacturer Herman Miller, Inc. to generate original research before applying their findings to the redesign of informal learning spaces in their campus libraries. Constructivist Learning and Backward Instructional Design, guided the design of the project. The result of this engagement, exposed students to research methods and research integration strategies, who outwardly demonstrated more confidence in making decisions during the design process. While the long-term implications from this type of engagement are not yet evident, encouraging students to ground their design ideas on evidence they have gathered, and their analysis of it, may not only shape their future decision making, but potentially lead to more appropriate client solutions and provide students with coveted job opportunities in positions where evidence-based design is highly valued.

How can experiments play a greater role in public policy? Twelve proposals from an economic model of scaling

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
OMAR AL-UBAYDLI ◽  
MIN SOK LEE ◽  
JOHN A. LIST ◽  
CLAIRE L. MACKEVICIUS ◽  
DANA SUSKIND
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Economic Framework ◽  
Scientific Experiments ◽  
Research Findings

AbstractPolicymakers are increasingly turning to insights gained from the experimental method as a means to inform large-scale public policies. Critics view this increased usage as premature, pointing to the fact that many experimentally tested programs fail to deliver their promise at scale. Under this view, the experimental approach drives too much public policy. Yet, if policymakers could be more confident that the original research findings would be delivered at scale, even the staunchest critics would carve out a larger role for experiments to inform policy. Leveraging the economic framework of Al-Ubaydli et al. (2019), we put forward 12 simple proposals, spanning researchers, policymakers, funders and stakeholders, which together tackle the most vexing scalability threats. The framework highlights that only after we deepen our understanding of the scale-up problem will we be on solid ground to argue that scientific experiments should hold a more prominent place in the policymaker's quiver.

scholarly journals Sex and relationships education for LGBT+ young people: Lessons from UK youth work

Sexualities ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1155-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor Formby ◽  
Catherine Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Intimate Relationships ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Youth Work ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
School Based ◽  
Research Findings

Lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans (LGBT) inclusive sex and relationships education (SRE) is of growing interest. However, there is a lack of clarity about what LGBT inclusive SRE should/does look like in practice. This article addresses that uncertainty by examining original research findings on innovative youth work based SRE provided within an arts-based project run by a third sector organisation in the North East of England. The research is set within the context of three broad rationales for LGBT inclusive SRE: to support the mental health of LGBT+ young people; to tackle sexual health issues, and to address concerns about sexual encounters and intimate relationships. The article sets out research findings within four main themes concerning: young people’s experiences of formal SRE; young people’s attempts to acquire SRE informally; young people’s experiences of youth work based SRE; practitioners’ experiences of delivering youth work based SRE. It then draws on this data to make the case for dedicated youth work for LGBT+ young people, outlining its potential alongside school-based SRE.

scholarly journals Street-connectedness and education in Kenya: Experiences of formal schooling as rationale for inclusive pedagogies of practice

Prospects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 265-280
Author(s):  
Su Lyn Corcoran ◽  
Lillian Aoko Awimbo ◽  
Kelvin Mugwanga ◽  
Irene Atieno Aluoch
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Data Generation ◽  
Formal Schooling ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThis article contributes to the literature on street-connectedness and inclusive education, presenting original research findings from two Kenyan studies. Both studies aim to understand street-connected young people’s experiences of education. The first focused on transitioning from the street into education or training, to explore the challenges of making that transition. The second focused on young people who had lived on the street for extended periods of time and were still there at the time of data generation. Both studies generated significant insight into (a) education as motivating initial migrations to the street, (b) the role of fear, embarrassment, and shame in preventing young people from going (back) into formal education, and (c) how acceptance and support are key to overcoming feelings of not belonging and other challenges when transitioning from the street into school. The article provides empirical evidence that should be considered when planning inclusive education provision for street-connected young people globally.

The inevitability of digital transfer

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 224-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lale Özdemir
Keyword(s):  
Major Change ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Transfer Rule ◽  
National Archives ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Public Bodies

Purpose This paper aims to assess how prepared public bodies are for the transfer of born-digital records to the National Archives (TNA) of the UK in line with the reduction in the transfer rule from 30 to 20 years. Design/methodology/approach The change in the transfer rule means that records of UK public bodies will be transferred to TNA for permanent preservation at 20 years as opposed to 30 years old. This move, which has been described as a major change that is going to be introduced in a manageable and affordable way (20-year rule, The National Archives), will inevitably witness the transfer of born-digital records to the archives much earlier than would have been the case if the change in the transfer rule had not been made. This paper reports on research carried out in the winter of 2017 on the extent to which UK public bodies are prepared for the transfer of born-digital records to TNA. Research was based on a survey of 23 public bodies which included ministries, charities and non-departmental public bodies. The target population was predominantly public bodies that had the highest level of transfer of records to TNA. The justification for this lies in the fact that these bodies, amongst others, transfer the most records to TNA, thus it would be interesting to gain an insight into how prepared these relatively larger public bodies are with regard to born-digital transfer. The remaining public bodies were chosen randomly amongst non-ministerial departments. The primary areas under analysis are plans of public bodies for the transfer of born-digital records, processes for transfer to be undertaken such as selection, appraisal etc., the use of technology in sensitivity review and the trigger date for the transfer of records. Findings An analysis of the research findings found that while a few UK public bodies surveyed had transferred datasets within the framework of the TNA Government Datasets (NDAD) initiative or as part of an inquiry, only one public body had transferred other born-digital records to TNA. The findings also reveal that most public bodies are yet to plan for, or to adjust, their current archival processes to take into account the different mind-set and skills required for the transfer of born-digital records. The level of preparedness is therefore limited primarily because public bodies have yet to undertake a transfer of born-digital records to the archives. The research findings also revealed that public bodies had not as yet made adjustments or changes to current practice to take into account the issues relating to the processing of born-digital records prior to transfer. Research limitations/implications The findings of the research at hand are based on a survey submitted electronically to twenty-three public bodies with the aim of assessing how prepared they are for the transfer of born-digital records to the National Archives (TNA). The survey was sent to 27 public bodies with responses received by 23 public bodies. The survey sent to these bodies comprises eight questions that were deemed to be important in the current digital landscape with regard to the processes involved in the transfer of records, beginning from their creation. Thus, an element of subjectivity exists with regard to the outcome of the research, as the public bodies chosen were guided in prioritising any issues about digital transfer through the questions posed. The research carried out is also limited in that it focuses primarily on ministerial departments (14 of the 23 surveyed) and also constitutes a very small sample of UK public bodies overall. However, the originality of the data obtained through the study carried out by far outweighs the limitations of the research methodology. Originality/value This paper highlights that the transfer of born-digital records through original research amongst the 23 public bodies surveyed is not widespread, and that processes and procedures specifically for the management of processes for born-digital records are yet to be implemented. The study concludes that long-term planning for the transfer of born-digital records is yet to be undertaken and that public bodies are more likely to deal with the issue when their digital records are closer to reaching the point of transfer.

Integrating women into combat roles: comparing the UK Armed Forces and Israeli Defense Forces to understand where lessons can be learnt

2020 ◽  
pp. bmjmilitary-2020-001500
Author(s):  
Anne Fieldhouse ◽  
T J O'Leary
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Employed Women ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Physiological Studies ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Uk

In October 2018, women became eligible to serve in all roles in the UK Armed Forces. The Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) have employed women in limited ground close combat (GCC) roles since 1995. Integration of women into some IDF combat units has improved our understanding of injury risk for servicewomen. While the research findings from physiological studies on women in IDF GCC roles helped inform the integration of women into UK GCC roles, the applicability of the data is limited by the differences between Israeli and UK approaches to recruitment, training and operational deployability of servicewomen. Women in IDF combat roles do, therefore, not provide a good model on the health and performance implications for women in UK Armed Forces combat roles. Further original research to better understand and develop mitigations against any health risks facing UK servicewomen in GCC roles is warranted.

Are Most Published Research Findings False?

2011 ◽  
Vol 231 (5-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Diekmann
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Total Error ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Short Note ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Replication Studies ◽  
Professional Journals ◽  
Error Ratio ◽  
Research Findings

SummaryIn a provocative article Ioannidis (2005) argues that, in disciplines employing statistical tests of significance, professional journals report more wrong than true significant results. This short note sketches the argument and explores under what conditions the assertion holds. The “positive predictive value” (PPV) is lower than 1/2 if the a priori probability of the truth of a hypothesis is low. However, computation of the PPV includes only significant results. If both significant and non-significant results are taken into account the “total error ratio” (TER) will not exceed 1/2 provided no extremely large publication bias is present. Moreover, it is shown that theory-driven research may reduce the proportion of errors. Also, the role of replications is emphasized; replication studies of original research are so important because they drastically decrease the error ratio.

scholarly journals Moderskab og feminisme - Belyst ud fra enemorfamilien

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maren Bak
Keyword(s):  
Single Mothers ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Single Mother ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Feminist Research ◽  
Cultural Representations ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Women's Lives ◽  
Parent Relationship ◽  
Family Strategies

Feminism's relationship to maternity as a part of women's lives has been marked by ambivalence and doubt. Feminist analyses has concentrated on maternity as a sphere for socialpolitical intervention and on the cultural representations of motherhood. But maternity as part of almost every womans life and lived expericence has been seen by feminists as a major arena for patriarchal oppression and reproduction of traditional gender roles and therefore analysed with doubt and distrust. In the article I argue for the need for a feminist research on the phenomenology of maternity. The empirical investigation of family strategies and maternity in 25 Danish single mother families, carried out by the author, showed an example of maternity as a base for autonomy and selfdetermination. The single mothers emphasized that their children and their work was their basis in life. Maternity was a source of pride and empowement for the mothers. The possibility to make their own decisions regarding themselves and their children was mentioned as a major advantage. The single mother's experiences raise the question if maternity as autonomy and selfreliance is only possible outside two parent relationship. The author argues, that this is not the case, but the development of a nurturing fatherhood which takes repronsibility for nuturing values both in private life and in relationship to the labour market and social policy is a prerequisite.

scholarly journals Is the political slant of psychology research related to scientific replicability?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego A. Reinero ◽  
Julian Augustus Wills ◽  
William J. Brady ◽  
Peter Mende-Siedlecki ◽  
Jarret Crawford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Peer Review Process ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Original Study ◽  
The Political ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Psychology Doctoral Students ◽  
Political Spectrum

Social science is a field predominantly composed of liberals, and critics have argued that this liberal representation may reduce the robustness of research by embedding liberal values into the research and peer-review process. In an adversarial collaboration, we examined whether the ideological slant of research findings in psychology is associated with lower rates of scientific replicability. We analyzed 194 original psychology articles that had been subject to a later replication attempt (with a total sample of 1,331,413 participants across replications) by having psychology doctoral students (Study 1) and an online sample of U.S. residents (Study 2), from across the political spectrum, code the ideological slant (liberal vs. conservative) of the original research abstracts. The methods and analyses for both studies were pre-registered. In both studies, the liberal or conservative slant of the original research was not associated with whether or not the results successfully replicated: less than 2% of the variance in replication success was explained by ideological slant. The results remained consistent regardless of the ideology of the coder. Further, ideological slant was unrelated to both subsequent citation patterns and the original study effect size, and not consistently related to the original study sample size. However, we found weak evidence that more ideological research (regardless of ideology) was less replicable, and strong evidence that variables related to statistical robustness were consistent predictors of replication success. We discuss the implications for social science, politics, and replicability.

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