Effect of Dysphagia Rehabilitation Using Kinesiology Taping on Oropharyngeal Muscle Hypertrophy in Post-Stroke Patients: A Double Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial

Background: It has recently been shown that suprahyoid muscle exercise using kinesiology taping (KT) increases the activation of the suprahyoid muscle in healthy adults, suggesting a potential therapeutic clinical exercise for dysphagia rehabilitation. This study investigated the effect of dysphagia rehabilitation using KT in stroke patients with dysphagia. Methods: Thirty subjects in South Korea were enrolled in this prospective placebo-controlled double-blind study. Participants were randomly assigned to the experimental and sham groups. In the experimental group, the tape was attached to the hyolaryngeal complex, pulled downward with approximately 70% tension, and then attached to the sternum and the clavicle bilaterally. In the sham group, the tape was applied similarly but without the tension. Both groups performed voluntary swallowing 50 times (10 times swallowing per set, times 5 sets) a day for 4 weeks with KT applied. Outcome measures were assessed using portable ultrasound equipment. The parameter measured was the change in thickness of the tongue muscle, mylohyoid muscle, and the anterior belly of the digastric muscle. Results: The experimental group showed statistically significant changes in the thickness of the tongue muscle, mylohyoid muscle, and anterior belly of the digastric muscle than the sham group (p = 0.007, 0.002, and 0.001). Conclusion: Dysphagia rehabilitation using KT is a technique that may promote oropharyngeal muscle thickness in patients with dysphagia after stroke.

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Bilateral variation of anterior belly of digastric muscle

Journal of Morphological Sciences ◽

10.4322/jms.095215 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (04) ◽

pp. 215-217

Author(s):

R. Azeredo ◽

L. Cesconetto ◽

L. Torres

Keyword(s):

Direct Action ◽

Cervical Region ◽

Digastric Muscle ◽

Middle Line ◽

Anatomic Variations ◽

Muscle Bundle ◽

Mylohyoid Muscle ◽

Floor Of The Mouth ◽

Anterior Belly ◽

Suprahyoid Muscle

Abstract Introduction: Digastric is a suprahyoid muscle and usually consists of two bellies. Its action consists in drawing the mental region downwards and backwards when opening the mouth, resulting in the depression of the mandible. Methods and Results: During a routine dissection of the cervical region, a muscle bundle arising from the intermediary tendon going towards the middle line was found. The supranumerary belly arised from the intermediary tendon so that some bundles inserted on the middle rafe and others continued towards the mento and inserted on the belly of mylohyoid muscle at the same side. These anatomic variations on the anterior belly of the digastric muscle could be significant during surgical procedures involving the submental region. Conclusion: Besides this surgical importance, we suggest that these supranumerary bellies have no direct action on the mandible, but on the floor of the mouth, due to its insertions on the mylohyoid muscle.

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Brain-Machine Interface in Chronic Stroke: Randomized Trial Long-Term Follow-up

Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair ◽

10.1177/1545968319827573 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 188-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Ander Ramos-Murguialday ◽

Marco R. Curado ◽

Doris Broetz ◽

Özge Yilmaz ◽

Fabricio L. Brasil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Motor Function ◽

Upper Limb ◽

Sham Group ◽

Chronic Stroke ◽

Emg Activity ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Experimental Group

Background. Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) have been recently proposed as a new tool to induce functional recovery in stroke patients. Objective. Here we evaluated long-term effects of BMI training and physiotherapy in motor function of severely paralyzed chronic stroke patients 6 months after intervention. Methods. A total of 30 chronic stroke patients with severe hand paresis from our previous study were invited, and 28 underwent follow-up assessments. BMI training included voluntary desynchronization of ipsilesional EEG-sensorimotor rhythms triggering paretic upper-limb movements via robotic orthoses (experimental group, n = 16) or random orthoses movements (sham group, n = 12). Both groups received identical physiotherapy following BMI sessions and a home-based training program after intervention. Upper-limb motor assessment scores, electromyography (EMG), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were assessed before (Pre), immediately after (Post1), and 6 months after intervention (Post2). Results. The experimental group presented with upper-limb Fugl-Meyer assessment (cFMA) scores significantly higher in Post2 (13.44 ± 1.96) as compared with the Pre session (11.16 ± 1.73; P = .015) and no significant changes between Post1 and Post2 sessions. The Sham group showed no significant changes on cFMA scores. Ashworth scores and EMG activity in both groups increased from Post1 to Post2. Moreover, fMRI-BOLD laterality index showed no significant difference from Pre or Post1 to Post2 sessions. Conclusions. BMI-based rehabilitation promotes long-lasting improvements in motor function of chronic stroke patients with severe paresis and represents a promising strategy in severe stroke neurorehabilitation.

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A morphological variant of anterior belly of digastric muscle: a cadaveric case report

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science ◽

10.3329/bjms.v16i3.32876 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 461-463

Author(s):

B Satheesha Nayak ◽

Srinivasa Rao S ◽

S Sudarshan ◽

AM Prasad ◽

R Deepthinath

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Hyoid Bone ◽

Medical Science ◽

The Body ◽

Digastric Muscle ◽

Mylohyoid Muscle ◽

Anterior Belly ◽

The Right ◽

Accessory Belly

Occurrence of accessory bellies of anterior belly of digastric muscle (ABD) in the submental region is not uncommon. However reporting of different pattern of accessory bellies is of tremendous clinical significance for head and neck surgeons, radiologists and plastic surgeons. Herein we report a rare asymmetrical variant of ABD in the suprahyoid region. Accessory bellies were observed on either side of midline. On the right side accessory belly had two segments; one segment extended between the lower part of the ABD and hyoid bone, other one extended between the digastric fossa of mandible to the body of hyoid bone. On the left side accessory belly extended between mylohyoid muscle and to the lower part of the ABD.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(3) 2017 p.461-463

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of A double blind placebo RCT to investigate the effects of serotonergic modulation on brain excitability and motor recovery in stroke patients.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1166639.1198076 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Isabelle Loubinoux

Keyword(s):

Motor Recovery ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Double Blind ◽

Double Blind Placebo ◽

Brain Excitability ◽

Serotonergic Modulation

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Adjunctive Therapy to Manage Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Moderate and Severe Dementia: Randomized Clinical Trial Using an Outpatient Version of Tailored Activity Program

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease ◽

10.3233/jad-210142 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Alexandra Martini Oliveira ◽

Marcia Radanovic ◽

Patricia Cotting Homem de Mello ◽

Patricia Cardoso Buchain ◽

Adriana Dias Barbosa Vizzotto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽

Caregiver Training ◽

Controlled Clinical Trial ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Double Blind ◽

Activity Program ◽

Experimental Group

Background: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) such as aggression, apathy, agitation, and wandering may occur in up to 90%of dementia cases. International guidelines have suggested that non-pharmacological interventions are as effective as pharmacological treatments, however without the side effects and risks of medications. An occupational therapy method, called Tailored Activity Program (TAP), was developed with the objective to treat NPS in the elderly with dementia and has been shown to be effective. Objective: Evaluate the efficacy of the TAP method (outpatient version) in the treatment of NPS in individuals with dementia and in the burden reduction of their caregivers. Methods: This is a randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial for the treatment of NPS in dementia. Outcome measures consisted of assessing the NPS of individuals with dementia, through the Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Clinician rating scale (NPI-C), and assessing the burden on their caregivers, using the Zarit Scale. All the participants were evaluated pre-and post-intervention. Results: 54 individuals with dementia and caregivers were allocated to the experimental (n = 28) and control (n = 26) groups. There was improvement of the following NPS in the experimental group: delusions, agitation, aggressiveness, depression, anxiety, euphoria, apathy, disinhibition, irritability, motor disturbance, and aberrant vocalization. No improvement was observed in hallucinations, sleep disturbances, and appetite disorders. The TAP method for outpatient settings was also clinically effective in reducing burden between caregivers of the experimental group. Conclusion: The use of personalized prescribed activities, coupled with the caregiver training, may be a clinically effective approach to reduce NPS and caregiver burden of individuals with dementia.

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Impacts of treatments on recurrence and 28-year survival of ischemic stroke patients

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-94757-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ting-Ann Wang ◽

Tzy-Haw Wu ◽

Shin-Liang Pan ◽

Hsiu-Hsi Chen ◽

Sherry Yueh-Hsia Chiu

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Cerebrovascular Disease ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Stroke Recurrence ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Double Blind ◽

Term Survival

AbstractAspirin and nicametate are well-established therapies for preventing recurrence and mortality from stroke in patients diagnosed as ischemic stroke. However, their respective effects on the recurrence, making allowance for the duration of recurrence and death without the occurrence of recurrence, and long-term survival have not been well elucidated. We aimed to evaluate long-term effect of two kinds of treatment on cerebrovascular death among ischemic stroke patients with or without the recurrence of stroke. Data used in this study were derived from the cohort based on a multicenter randomized double-blind controlled trial during 1992 to 1995 with the enrollment of a total of 466 patients with first-time non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke who were randomly allocated to receive aspirin (n = 222) or nicametate (n = 244). The trial cohort was followed up over time to ascertain the date of recurrence within trial period and death until Sep of 2019. The time-dependent Cox regression model was used to estimate the long-term effects of two treatments on death from cerebrovascular disease with and without recurrence. A total of 49 patients experienced stroke recurrence and 89 cerebrovascular deaths was confirmed. Patients treated with nicametate were more likely, but non statistically significantly, to have recurrence (aHR: 1.73, 95% CI 0.96–3.13) as compared with those treated by aspirin. Nicametate reduced the risk of cerebrovascular death about 37% (aHR: 0.63, 95% CI 0.41–0.97) compared with aspirin. The aspirin group had a lower recurrence rate than the nicametate group even with recurrence after 1–2 years of follow-up of first stroke but the latter had significantly reduced death from cerebrovascular disease for nicametate group, which requires more research to verify.

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Effectiveness of self-administered mirror therapy on upper extremity impairments and function of acute stroke patients: study protocol

Trials ◽

10.1186/s13063-021-05380-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Venkadesan Rajendran ◽

Deepa Jeevanantham ◽

Céline Larivière ◽

Ravinder-Jeet Singh ◽

Lisa Zeman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Stroke ◽

Upper Extremity ◽

Outcome Measure ◽

Outcome Evaluation ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Mirror Therapy ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Extremity Function ◽

Upper Extremity Function ◽

Experimental Group

Abstract Background Many therapeutic interventions are performed by physiotherapists to improve upper extremity function and/or activities of daily living (ADL) in stroke patients. Mirror therapy (MT) is a simple technique that can be self-administered by the patients with intact cognition following patient education by a skilled physiotherapist. However, the effectiveness of self-administered MT in post-stroke patients in upper extremity function remains unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study is to examine the effectiveness of MT in improving upper extremity function and recovery in acute stroke patients. Methods This study is a single-center, prospective, randomized, open-label, controlled trial with blinded outcome evaluation (PROBE design), in which a total of 36 eligible acute stroke patients will be randomly assigned to control (n=18) and experimental group (n=18). Participants in the control group will receive regular rehabilitation interventions whereas participants in the experimental group will receive MT education in addition to their regular interventions for 4 weeks. Study outcome The primary outcome measure will be upper extremity function that will be measured using the Fugl-Meyer Assessment scale and the Wolf Motor Function Test. The secondary outcome measure will be behaviors related to ADL as estimated using the Modified Barthel Index. Outcome measures will be assessed at baseline and at 4 weeks post-rehabilitation intervention/MT. Results A two-way repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) with time and group effects will be used to analyze between-group differences. The level of significance will be set at P < 0.05. Conclusion The results of the study will provide critical information to include self-administered MT as an adjuvant to regular interventions and may facilitate recovery of the upper extremity function of stroke patients. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04542772. Registered on 9 September 2020. Protocol version: Final 1.0.

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Treatment with Diazepam in Acute Stroke Prevents Poststroke Seizures: A Substudy of the EGASIS Trial

Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽

10.1159/000512799 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Julia H. van Tuijl ◽

Elisabeth P.M. van Raak ◽

Robert J. van Oostenbrugge ◽

Albert P. Aldenkamp ◽

Rob P.W. Rouhl

Keyword(s):

Placebo Group ◽

Acute Stroke ◽

Incidence Rate Ratio ◽

Day Treatment ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Early Administration ◽

Anterior Circulation ◽

Double Blind

Objective: The frequency of seizures after stroke is high, with a severe impact on the quality of life. However, little is known about their prevention. Therefore, we investigated whether early administration of diazepam prevents the development of seizures in acute stroke patients. Methods: We performed a substudy of the EGASIS trial, a multicenter double-blind, randomized trial in which acute stroke patients were treated with diazepam or placebo for 3 days. Follow-up was after 2 weeks and 3 months. The occurrence of seizures was registered prospectively as one of the prespecified secondary outcomes. Results: 784 EGASIS patients were eligible for this substudy (389 treated with diazepam [49.6%] and 395 treated with placebo [50.4%]). Seizures were reported in 19 patients (2.4% of the total patient group). Seizures occurred less frequently in patients treated with diazepam (1.5 vs. 3.3% in the placebo group); however, this difference was only statistically significant in patients with a cortical anterior circulation infarction (0.9% in the diazepam group vs. 4.6% in the placebo group, incidence rate ratio 0.20, 95% CI: 0.05–0.78, p = 0.02, NNT = 27). Conclusion: We found that a 3-day treatment with diazepam after acute cortical anterior circulation stroke prevents the occurrence of seizures in the first 3 months following stroke.

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Using transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) to investigate why faces are and are not special

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-83844-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ciro Civile ◽

Samantha Quaglia ◽

Emika Waguri ◽

Maddy Ward ◽

Rossy McLaren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Direct Current ◽

Sham Group ◽

Inversion Effect ◽

Matching Task ◽

Anodal Tdcs ◽

Double Blind ◽

Face Inversion Effect ◽

Face Inversion ◽

Subject Design ◽

The Face

AbstractWe believe we are now in a position to answer the question, "Are faces special?" inasmuch as this applies to the face inversion effect (better performance for upright vs inverted faces). Using a double-blind, between-subject design, in two experiments (n = 96) we applied a specific tDCS procedure targeting the Fp3 area while participants performed a matching-task with faces (Experiment 1a) or checkerboards from a familiar prototype-defined category (Experiment 1b). Anodal tDCS eliminated the checkerboard inversion effect reliably obtained in the sham group, but only reduced it for faces (although the reduction was significant). Thus, there is a component to the face inversion effect that we are not affecting with a tDCS procedure that can eliminate the checkerboard inversion effect. We suggest that the reduction reflects the loss of an expertise-based component in the face inversion effect, and the residual is due to a face-specific component of that effect.

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