scholarly journals Characterization of Archaeological Artefacts Using Methods Specific to Materials Science: The Case Study of Dacian Ceramics from 2nd c. BC to 1st c. AD

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 3908
Author(s):  
Laura Teodorescu ◽  
Ayed Ben Amara ◽  
Nadia Cantin ◽  
Rémy Chapoulie ◽  
Cătălin Ducu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Petrographic Analyses ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Archeological Site

Combined analysis methods such as optical microscopy (OM), cathodoluminescence (CL) microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM–EDX) have made it possible to obtain the first physico-chemical data of Dacian potsherds, exhumed at the archeological site of Ocnița-Buridava, Romania; the samples were provided by the “Aurelian Sacerdoțeanu” County Museum Vâlcea, dating from the 2nd century BC to the 1st century AD. The mineralogical and petrographic analyses revealed two types of ceramic pastes, taking into account the granulometry of the inclusions and highlighting the choice of the potter for fabricating the ceramic either by wheel or by hand. All samples showed an abundance in quartz, mica (muscovite and biotite), and feldspars. These observations were confirmed by cathodoluminescence imagery, revealing heterogeneous pastes with varied granulometric distributions. The XRD patterns indicated the presence of the mineral phases, indicating a firing temperature below 900 °C. The wheel-made ceramics have a fine, compact matrix with very fine inclusions (<40 µm). On the other hand, the hand-made ceramics present a coarse matrix, with inclusions whose granulometry reaches approximately 2 mm. The difference between these two types of ceramics is also confirmed by the mineralogical and chemical analysis. The wheel-made potsherds are more abundant in MgO, Al2O3, and CaO contents.

scholarly journals The Case Study of the Medieval Town Walls of Gubbio in Italy: First Results on the Characterization of Mortars and Binders

Heritage ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 468-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Carvalho ◽  
Andreia Lopes ◽  
Antonella Curulli ◽  
Teresa da Silva ◽  
Maria Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polarized Light ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
First Results ◽  
Restoration Practices ◽  
Climate Events

Good conservation and restoration practices of cultural heritage assets rely on the knowledge of original materials. In the framework of the HERACLES Project (HERACLES—HEritage Resilience Against CLimate Events on Site, H2020 Grant Agreement 700395), dealing with the effects of climatic actions and natural hazards on built heritage, a set of important heritage sites are currently under study to improve their resilience against climate events. Among these are the medieval Gubbio Town Walls in Italy. The present work focuses on the mortars and binders of this monument and collected samples related to different parts of the Walls, corresponding to various historical periods of construction and interventions. They were characterized to determine their minerochemical composition, thermal behavior, and morphology. For that purpose, ex-situ laboratory techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF), optical microscopy (OM), polarized light microscopy (PLM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and simultaneous differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetry (TG-DTA) were used to discern trends in different sampling areas due to construction/reconstruction periods and building techniques.

Comparing the Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Formulated and Marketed Yashada Bhasma

2021 ◽  
pp. 6392-6398
Author(s):  
Nitu Bhatnagar ◽  
Avani Pareek
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Difference

The present study is aimed to observe the difference in the Physico-Chemical characteristics of the marketed and formulated bhasma samples through X-Ray Diffraction analysis (XRD), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Zeta potential, Thermo-Gravimetric analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray analysis (EDAX), apart from organoleptic methods. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICPMS) analysis was also done to observe the presence of trace and heavy metals so that the safety of all these samples could be ensured. XRD shows variation in oxide nature of zinc as well crystallite size in all bhasma samples. DLS and SEM results show difference in particle size of marketed bhasma samples as compared to formulated Yashada bhasma. EDAX and ICPMS also confirm the alteration in elemental composition of all these bhasma samples. Thus, it can be concluded that these ayurvedic medicines should be prepared strictly using the formulation methods as mentioned in the Ayurvedic texts. This will help the prepared products to adopt the inherent quality of the ancient system of medicine, which shall be useful and devoid of any side effects for human consumption.

Synthesis and Characterization of Cadmium with Titanium Oxide (Cd-TiO2) Nanocomposite: Testing its Antibacterial Effect

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 2523-2529
Author(s):  
Daniel Sam N ◽  
Anish C I ◽  
Sabeena G ◽  
Rajaduraipandian S ◽  
Manobala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Inhibition Concentration ◽  
Xrd Patterns

Sol gel methods were used for the study of the antimicrobial activity of Cd-TiO2 against gram-negative and positive bacteria. These Cd-TiO2 have been characterized by various optical and techniques. They have been exhibited by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. The structures of the various XRD patterns indicate that the product has a structure. The particle size of Cd-TiO2 is 35nm. The SEM images confirm the spherical appearance of the sample. The energy X-ray spectra have been confirmed as well and then C, O, Ti, Cd, Pt element are present in Cd-TiO2. The weight percentage of Cadmium is 5.8%, Ti is 51.03%, C is 5.13% and O is 31.75% in Cd-TiO2. BET image shows that the major pore size distribution of Cd-TiO2 is ranged from 2.24 nm. The Cd-TiO2 that the antibacterial activity when tested against the pathogens only gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas. The zone of minimum inhibition concentration was measured in a range of 20mm in 25μl and 30mm in 100μl.

Physical and Chemical Properties of Mineral in Soils of Cassava Cropping Area: A Case Study in Chonburi Province

2014 ◽  
Vol 979 ◽  
pp. 440-443
Author(s):  
W. Siriprom ◽  
K. Teanchai ◽  
S. Kongsriprapan ◽  
J. Kaewkhao ◽  
N. Sangwaranatee
Keyword(s):  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The chemical and physical properties of topsoil and subsoil which collected from the cassava cropping area in Chonburi Province have been investigated. The characterization of both soil sample were used X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) while FTIR used to confirmed the formation of intermolecular bonding and Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) used for investigated the crystalline. It was found that, the XRD pattern indicated quartz phase. The chemical composition by XRF reported that the soils samples consist of Si, Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mn, Ti, Cr, Zn, Ag and Cu. and TGA results, noticed that the removal of moisture and organics material.

Evaluation of Attapulgite Clay Content from Piauí in Sorption Characterization of Water in the Polyester Matrix Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 775-776 ◽  
pp. 471-475
Author(s):  
Renata Barbosa ◽  
Tatianny Soares Alves ◽  
Celso Hartmann Júnior ◽  
Gabriel Neiva Cadah
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Pet Waste ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Polyester Matrix ◽  
Attapulgite Clay

The physico-chemical characteristics of attapulgite clay confer appropriate properties to their different industrial uses, such as: Drilling fluid, bleaching of vegetable oils, mineral and animal grease and oil absorbents, pet waste absorbents (pet litter), purification of drinking water etc. The aim of this study was the chemical modification of attapulgite originally from state of Piauí, for applications in polyester-based composites. The unmodified and modified clay were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). In order to evaluate the interaction of clays with organic solvents, the test of Foster swelling with gasoline, diesel and toluene was conducted. The polyester resin-based composite and clay unmodified and modified in different percentages were molded by hand lay up technique and they were characterized by water sorption.

The Characterization of Alpha and Intermediate Aluminum Oxide Mixtures by Semi-Automated XRD

1980 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 271-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Burleson
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Oxide ◽  
Single Component ◽  
Iterative Technique ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Aluminum Oxides ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Overlapping Peaks ◽  
Xrd Patterns

AbstractIntermediate aluminum oxides (aluminas) have broad X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks. Many of the phases have similar XRD patterns with overlapping of major peaks. To characterize a multi-component alumina mixture several regions of multiple overlapping peaks are examined. Each region is integrated to a single sum without regard for individual peaks. The integrated regions are applied to various ratio functions obtained from single component standards. By using an iterative technique, the functions converge to yield weight fractions for up to six alumina phases.

An expert system for the structural characterization of kaolinites

Clay Minerals ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Plançon ◽  
C. Zacharie
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Defect Structure ◽  
Defect Structures ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Diffraction Profile ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Xrd Patterns

AbstractUntil recently, the determination of the defect structures (previously referred to incorrectly as “crystallinity”) of kaolinites has been obtained in one of two ways: (1) measurement of the Hinckley index, or (2) by comparing calculated X-ray diffraction patterns based on a model of the defect structure (including types of defects and abundances) with experimental diffraction profiles. The Hinckley method is simple and easy to perform but contains no real information about the defect structure. Calculated XRD patterns are based on real defects but these calculations are time consuming and require some skill in application. Another approach is proposed: an expert system which will accurately describe the defect structure of kaolinites based on a few measurements taken from a normal powder diffraction profile. This system has been verified for nine kaolinite samples for which the defect structure was previously determined by comparison of calculated and observed diffraction profiles. The expert system reproduced the correct defect structure for each of the samples.

XRD and Tem Characterization of Cathodic MnO2 and Discharge Products in the Li-MnO2 Cell

1995 ◽  
Vol 393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Shao ◽  
S.A. Hackney ◽  
B.C. Cornilsen
Keyword(s):  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electrolytic Manganese Dioxide ◽  
Cathodic Material ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Electrolytic Manganese ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Convergent Beam

ABSTRACTThe crystal structures of the undischarged, heat-treated electrolytic manganese dioxide (HEMD) and discharge products are characterized by high spatial resolution convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED). The results are compared with the x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns characterized by broad, diffuse peaks. The CBED results for HEMD show that the starting cathodic material has the pyrolusite space group, but with a range of c/a ratios. The variability of the lattice parameter from grain to grain is found to coincide with the broadening on the low angle side of the XRD peaks. The CBED patterns of discharge products suggest a reduction range in c/a ratios and the formation of another phase.

Synthesis and Characterization of Polyaniline Copolymer

2012 ◽  
Vol 217-219 ◽  
pp. 551-554
Author(s):  
Ting Xi Li ◽  
Yu Hua Zhao ◽  
Qian Li ◽  
Cheng Qian Yuan ◽  
Quan Liang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Abstract. Polyaniline (PANI) and p-phenylenediamine (p-PDA)-aniline copolymer were prepared via a same microemulsion method. The structures of the PANI and p-PDA-aniline copolymer were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis（TGA）. The results revealed the difference of synthesis and characterization between PANI and p-PDA-aniline copolymer. It was shown that structure of the copolymer is almost similar to that of PANI, but the p-PDA-aniline copolymer has a better crystallization than PANI, and the thermal stability of the copolymer is higher than that of pure PANI.

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