Cultural Sites Between Nationhood and Mankind

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Casini
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Regulatory Authority ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
World Heritage Convention ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Cultural Sites ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
A Site

The chapter explores the legal regime that currently addresses cultural heritage sites. It analyzes the complex relationships between local, national, and universal community interests in cultural heritage sites, and how law can address such relationships, by focusing on the regime that is based on the 1972 UNESCO World Heritage Convention (WHC). The WHC is a system of complex interactions between state and global authorities, where states choose to bring in international regulators, but then find themselves having ceded significant regulatory authority to the latter who invoke community interests. Once a site is added to the WHC list, the interests at stake transcend national borders and an international arena has been established: This will allow foreign actors—or even domestic actors who do not share local or national communities—to monitor and to act against states’ policies that may affect the preservation of cultural heritage.

A risk-reduction framework for urban cultural heritage: a comparative study on Italian historic centres

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Giuliani ◽  
Rosa Grazia De Paoli ◽  
Enrica Di Miceli
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
Response And Recovery ◽  
A Site ◽  
Key Resources

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present and validate a large-scale methodology for risk assessment and management in cultural heritage sites, taking into account their specific tangible or intangible values. Emphasis is given to historic centres that are key resources in building resilience to disasters but are also highly vulnerable due to several factors, such as the characteristics of the built environment, the community and social life, the lack of risk awareness and maintenance and finally the poor regulatory framework for their management and valorisation.Design/methodology/approachThe multi-step procedure starts from the assessment of the attributes of cultural heritage in order to identify priorities and address the analysis. Then, it evaluates the primary and secondary hazards in the area, the vulnerabilities and threats of the site and the impacts of the chain of events. Finally, it allows for calibrating a site-specific set of mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery measures.FindingsThe application to two case studies in the Italian peninsula, the historic centres of San Gimignano and Reggio Calabria, allows for identifying research gaps and practical opportunities towards the adoption of common guidelines for the selection of safety measures.Originality/valueBy providing a qualitative assessment of risks, the research points out the potentialities of the methodology in the disaster risk management of cultural heritage due to its capacity to be comprehensive and inclusive towards disciplines and professionals.

scholarly journals An Application of the A’WOT Analysis for the Management of Cultural Heritage Assets: The Case of the Historical Farmhouses in the Aglié Castle (Turin)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Bottero ◽  
Chiara D’Alpaos ◽  
Alessia Marello
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Decision Aiding ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Real Estate Assets

In recent years, governments, public institutions, and local communities have devoted growing attention to the identification of promising strategies for the preservation and valorization of cultural heritage assets. Decisions on the management of cultural heritage assets based on multiple, often conflicting, criteria and on the stakes of various, and potentially non-consensual actors and stakeholders. In this context, in which the trade-offs between the preservation of assets historical symbolic values and the adaptation to alternative and economically profitable uses play a key role in investment decisions, multi-criteria analyses provide robust theoretical and methodological frameworks to support decision-makers in the design and implementation of adaptive reuse strategies for cultural heritage and public real estate assets. In this paper, we provide a multi-criteria decision aiding approach for ranking valorization strategies of cultural heritage assets aimed at promoting their restoration and conservation, as well as at creating cultural and economic benefits. In detail, we present a novel application of the A’WOT analysis to support the design and implementation of alternative management strategies of abandoned cultural heritage assets. The paper focuses on the potential reuse and management of four historical farmhouses (Cascina Mandria, Cascina Lavanderia, Cascina Gozzani, and Cascina Ortovalle) located in the Agliè Castle estate, one of the Residences of the Royal House of Savoy, currently listed in the UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

scholarly journals Economic and Societal Impacts on Cultural Heritage Sites, Resulting from Natural Effects and Climate Change

Heritage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 279-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Alexandrakis ◽  
Constantine Manasakis ◽  
Nikolaos A. Kampanis
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Socioeconomic Impact ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
A Site ◽  
Market Benefits

The demand for a new concept of heritage, in which monuments and landscapes are considered active factors in creating a sense of history, is esteemed not only from a scientific and academic perspective, but as well as part of a more sensitive and efficient strategy to link cultural heritage and tourism, by bringing an integrative perspective to the forefront. Implementing such strategies is strictly correlated with the ability to support decision-makers and to increase people’s awareness towards a more comprehensive approach to heritage preservation. In the present work, a robust socioeconomic impact model is presented. Moreover, this work attempts to create an initial link between the economic impacts and natural hazards induced by the changes in the climatic conditions that cultural heritage sites face. The model’s novel socioeconomic impact analysis is the direct and indirect revenues related to the tourism use of a site, on which local economies are strongly correlated. The analysis indicated that cultural heritage sites provide a range of both market and non-market benefits to society. These benefits provide opportunities for policy interventions for the conservation of the cultural heritage sites and their promotion, but also to their protection against the impacts of climate change and natural disasters.

scholarly journals Protecting Outstanding Underwater Cultural Heritage through the World Heritage Convention: The Titanic and Lusitania as World Heritage Sites

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josh B. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Underwater Cultural Heritage ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
World Heritage Convention ◽  
World Heritage List ◽  
The World ◽  
The Many

Abstract Despite growing recognition of the global value of underwater cultural heritage (uch), along with intensified international efforts to ensure its protection, the possibility of its inscription on the World Heritage List has never been comprehensively examined. Arguing that the unesco 2001 Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage (uch Convention) is insufficient alone to protect globally outstanding wrecks, such as the Titanic and the Lusitania, this article examines in detail the many legal and practical challenges involved with listing such sites under the World Heritage Convention. By reviewing key international agreements such as the uch Convention, World Heritage Convention, Law of the Sea Convention and the International Titanic Agreement, it draws the conclusion that it is the improved offshore management of uch—through ‘cultural’ marine protected areas operating under the framework of the uch Convention—which would open the possibility of nomination to the World Heritage List.

scholarly journals Indigenous Cultural Heritage: Developing New Approaches and Best Practices for World Heritage Based on Indigenous Perspectives and Values

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Diane Archibald
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
First Nations ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
World Heritage Convention ◽  
University Of British Columbia ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Indigenous Perspectives

In support of advancing the recognition and inclusion of Indigenous Cultural Heritage in all its diverse forms within the UNESCO World Heritage Convention and World Heritage Site designations, this paper documents and discusses the presentations, Indigenous-led Forum, and recommendations  and outcomes of the International Conference on Indigenous Cultural Heritage organized by the ICOMOS International Scientific Committee on Theory and Philosophy of Restoration and Conservation in partnership with the First Nations House of Learning, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, in November 2019.

Stakeholders' consciousness of cultural heritage and the reconciliation of different needs for sustainable development

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Selena Aureli ◽  
Mara Del Baldo
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
Content Type ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Italian City

PurposeThe paper aims to investigate the approach and tools adopted by an Italian city, included amongst the UNESCO World Heritage sites (WHS), to involve different stakeholders in the protection and valorisation of its historical centre to achieve the goals of sustainable development. The paper focusses on the role of local authorities as the key actors that should engage different city users to jointly achieve heritage conservation and socio-economic development.Design/methodology/approachData were collected, thanks to the researchers' direct participation in a project launched by the municipality of Urbino, which involved several local stakeholders and lasted about a year. Participant observation allowed the authors to collect informal interviews, join collective discussions and reflect on the direct observation of the activities undertaken.FindingsThe case study analysed suggests how participatory governance may be effective in fostering responsible principles in “asset usage” by any type of city users and how citizens actively co-design and co-implement initiatives of heritage revitalisation when engaged in cultural heritage (CH) policies.Originality/valueThe paper addresses a long-standing problem that has never been solved: how to enhance the consciousness of the CH amongst stakeholders and reconcile their different and conflicting needs in the historical urban environment in the process of revitalisation.

scholarly journals Combining InfraRed Thermography and UAV Digital Photogrammetry for the Protection and Conservation of Rupestrian Cultural Heritage Sites in Georgia: A Methodological Application

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 892 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Frodella ◽  
Mikheil Elashvili ◽  
Daniele Spizzichino ◽  
Giovanni Gigli ◽  
Luka Adikashvili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Digital Photogrammetry ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
A Site ◽  
Sustainable Mitigation

The rock-cut city of Vardzia is an example of the extraordinary rupestrian cultural heritage of Georgia. The site, Byzantine in age, was carved in the steep tuff slopes of the Erusheti mountains, and due to its peculiar geological characteristics, it is particularly vulnerable to weathering and degradation, as well as frequent instability phenomena. These problems determine serious constraints on the future conservation of the site, as well as the safety of the visitors. This paper focuses on the implementation of a site-specific methodology, based on the integration of advanced remote sensing techniques, such as InfraRed Thermography (IRT) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-based Digital Photogrammetry (DP), with traditional field surveys and laboratory analyses, with the aim of mapping the potential criticality of the rupestrian complex on a slope scale. The adopted methodology proved to be a useful tool for the detection of areas of weathering and degradation on the tuff cliffs, such as moisture and seepage sectors related to the ephemeral drainage network of the slope. These insights provided valuable support for the design and implementation of sustainable mitigation works, to be profitably used in the management plan of the site of Vardzia, and can be used for the protection and conservation of rupestrian cultural heritage sites characterized by similar geological contexts.

scholarly journals PERAN DINAS KEBUDAYAAN DAN PARIWISATA DALAM MENGELOLA CAGAR BUDAYA SITUS WADU PA’A DI KECAMATAN SOROMANDI KABUPATEN BIMA

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihatul Akbar ◽  
Handam Handam ◽  
Ahmad Harakan
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Inhibiting Factors ◽  
Cultural Sites ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Descriptive Approach

This study aims to determine the role of culture and tourism agency in managing cultural heritage Wadu pa'a sites in Soromandi District, Bima Regency. The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive approach. Techniques using qualitative data that all materials, information, and facts that can not be measured and calculated systematically because his form is a description of verbal with this technique the researchers only collected data, information, facts. The data collected from agency of Culture and Tourism Bima. Qualitative research is descriptive research and tend to use analisys with inductive approach. Data collection techniques in this research is observation, interview, and documentation. These results indicate that the role of culture and tourism agency in managing the way Wadu Pa'a cultural sites on the protection form of making drainage b. Namely to increase the development of infrastructure facilities, the utilization of the opportunities open to give life to the community, still less than the maximum it can be seen from the inhibiting factors so that the management of cultural heritage sites Wadu Pa'a still not good. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran dinas kebudayaandan pariwisata dalam mengelola cagar budaya situs wadu pa’a di Kecamatan Soromandi Kabupaten Bima. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik penelitian ini menggunakan data kualitatif yakni semua bahan, keterangan, dan fakta-fakta yang tidak dapat diukur dan dihitung secara sistematis karena wujudnya adalah keterangan verbal dengan teknik ini peneliti hanya mengumpulkan data-data, informasi-informasi, fakta-fakta dan data dari istansi yang terkait di Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Kabupaten Bima. Penelitian kualitatif merupakan riset yang bersifat deskriptif dan cenderung menggunakan anlisis dengan pendekatan induktif. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa peran Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata dalam mengelola cara budaya situs wadu Pa’a terkait perlindungan berupa pembuatan drainase b. Pengembangan yaitu peningkatan fasilitas sarana dan prasarana, pemanfaatan adanya peluang terbuka yang di berikan ke masyarakat, masih kurang maksimal hal ini dapat di lihat dari faktor-faktor penghambat sehingga pengelolaan cagar budaya situs Wadu Pa’a masih kurang baik.

scholarly journals World Heritage Sites on Wikipedia: Cultural Heritage Activism in a Context of Constrained Agency

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Marwick ◽  
Prema Smith
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Data Science ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
The Past ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distributions ◽  
Cultural Sites

UNESCO World Heritage sites are places of outstanding significance, and often key sources of information that influence how people interact with the past today. The process of inscription on the UNESCO list is complicated and intersects with political and commercial controversies. But how well are these controversies known to the public? Wikipedia pages on these sites offer a unique dataset for insights into public understanding of heritage controversies. The unique technicity of Wikipedia, with its bot ecosystem and editing mechanics, shapes how knowledge about cultural heritage is constructed, and how controversies are negotiated and communicated. In this article we investigate the patterns of production, consumption and spatial and temporal distributions of Wikipedia pages for World Heritage cultural sites. We find that Wikipedia provides a distinctive context for investigating how people experience and relate to the past in the present. The agency of participants is highly constrained, but distinctive, behind-the-scenes expressions of cultural heritage activism are evident. Concerns about state-like actors, violence and destruction, deal-making, etc. in the World Heritage inscription process are present, but rare on Wikipedia’s World Heritage pages. Instead hyper-local, and process issues dominate controversies on Wikipedia. We describe how this kind of research, drawing on big data and data science methods, contributes to digital heritage studies, and also reveals its limitations.

scholarly journals Von militärischer Notwendigkeit zu individueller Verantwortlichkeit – Der Fall „Al Mahdi“ als Zäsur in der strafrechtlichen Ahndung von Kulturgutzerstörung auf internationaler Ebene

2020 ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Maximilian Gröber
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Cultural Property ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
The Political ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Military Necessity

From military necessity to individual responsibility – the “Al Mahdi” case as a caesura in the criminal punishment of the destruction of cultural property on an international levelIn April 2012, the Islamist group Ansar Dine launched an attack on the UNESCO World Heritage sites in Timbuktu, Mali. Besides illustrating the political and religious backgrounds that led to this action, the purpose of this paper is to highlight the historical development of the international legal framework for the protection of cultural heritage, including the trial against Ahmad Al Faqi Al Mahdi, who was in charge of the Timbuktu attacks. As will be shown, the case has the potential to set a precedent. 

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