scholarly journals Vegetation Conditions in Sacred Compounds at Myanmar’s Bagan Cultural Heritage Site

Heritage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 2745-2762
Author(s):  
Aung ◽  
Shibata

Scrub vegetation encroaches into the proximity of many monuments at Myanmar’s Bagan Cultural Heritage Site, as can be seen at many other monuments on the world. The extensiveness of scrub vegetation can interfere with the integrity of the cultural landscape when ignored by site management. The current study examined how significant the occurrence of scrub vegetation might be, quantifying the canopy coverage with relative occupancy of other components in the sacred compounds. The sacred compounds in Bagan enclose religious monuments in environments classified as farmland, monastic residences, accessways, shrub-hosting areas, and scrub vegetation. The coverage of scrub vegetation was more than a quarter of the area of sacred compounds, whereas that of shrub-hosting patches was about half. The other components occupied less than one-fifth of the area. The associated occurrence of scrub vegetation indicated the invasion of alien species from the drier hinterland to the riverside of Ayeyarwady. While such a situation reveals site management as a priority, the presence of cultivated farmland in the vicinity of monuments represented suppression of weedy growth that may later facilitate the occurrence of scrub-type plants. This study suggests cultivation as a reasonable practice for the integrity of the cultural landscape and safeguarding the monuments in Bagan.

Author(s):  
C. H. Wang

In recent years the cultural landscape has become an important issue for cultural heritages throughout the world. It represents the "combined works of nature and of man" designated in Article 1 of the World Heritage Convention. When a landscape has a cultural heritage value, important features should be marked and mapped through the delimitation of a conservation area, which may be essential for further conservation work. However, a cultural landscape’s spatial area is usually wider than the ordinary architectural type of cultural heritage, since various elements and impact factors, forming the cultural landscape’s character, lie within a wide geographic area. It is argued that the conservation of a cultural landscape may be influenced by the delimitation of the conservation area, the corresponding land management measures, the limits and encouragements. <br><br> The Jianan Irrigation System, an historical cultural landscape in southern Taiwan, was registered as a living cultural heritage site in 2009. However, the system’s conservation should not be limited to just only the reservoir or canals, but expanded to irrigated areas where farmland may be the most relevant. Through the analysis process, only approximately 42,000 hectares was defined as a conservation area, but closely related to agricultural plantations and irrigated by the system. This is only half of the 1977 irrigated area due to urban sprawl and continuous industrial expansion.


Author(s):  
A. Mauro

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The Archaeological Park of Pompeii promotes the most advanced methodologies in preservation, conservation, research, and the promotion of public use of the site. The Great Project Pompeii (GPP), as is evident, has intervened ‘strategically’ on the entire site: on the one hand stabilising the <i>Regiones</i>, on the other hand mitigating the hydrogeological risk of the plateaus and securing the excavation fronts; in addition the GPP has improved accessibility levels. Coping with environmental risks (seismic, volcanic and hydrogeological) is one of the main challenges of the Archaeological Park. First, seismic and volcanic phenomena constitute a major issue in the Pompeii area, embodied by the dormant Mt. Vesuvius. Second, the marked difference in height between the level of the ancient town and that of the unexcavated area, spanning about 22&amp;thinsp;ha, exerts a strong pressure over the ancient structures and may imply a serious danger of landslides in case of hazard events (seismic and volcanic phenomena or heavy rainfall). These dangers seriously jeopardise the protection of ancient structures and wall-paintings, with subsequent risks to the world cultural heritage site. For this reason, an urgent program of conservation, maintenance, and restoration has been undertaken as part of the Great Pompeii Project. The computerisation of archaeological data is among the most current topics of interest for the management of Cultural Heritage. The Information System (GPP-IS), created with the Plan of the Knowledge of the Great Pompeii Project (GPP), has allowed the creation of a unique knowledge tool for the entire city of Pompeii.</p>


2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Roby Ardiwidjaja

Identitas bangsa Indonesia sekarang ini menghadapi masalah serius akibat pengaruh globalisasi yang membawa perubahan besar dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan berbangsa, oleh karena itu perlu upaya berkesinambungan dalam membangun dan memperkuat jati diri bangsa Indonesia. Salah satu upaya dimulai dengan melindungi dan melestarikan keragaman nilai-nilai luhur tradisi beserta warisan budaya yang masih mencerminkan ciri khas Indonesia. Adanya kesadaran dunia tentang pentingnya pelestarian situs warisan budaya semakin meningkat dari waktu ke waktu, memberi peluang pentingnya pelaksanaan pelestarian guna memperkuat ketahanan budaya bangsa Indonesia. Salah satu upaya pelestarian tersebut adalah dengan mengusulkan warisan budaya berupa situs, kompleks bangunan, dan lanskap budaya yang tersebar di wilayah Indonesia dengan keunikannya masing-masing sebagai Warisan Dunia yang memiliki nilai universal. Situs Warisan Dunia adalah aset bangsa, maka setiap orang memiliki hak dan berkewajiban memahami, mengapresiasi, dan melestarikan nilai-nilai universal, nasional maupun lokal yang terkandung di dalamnya melalui mekanisme pengelolaan yang terpadu dan berkelanjutan. Kajian ini merupakan hasil dari desk research dengan analisis menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif berdasarkan pada studi pustaka dari referensi yang relevan. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan positif dalam pengelolaan dan pemafaatan warisan budaya adalah dengan menggunakan pendekatan pariwisata berkelanjutan melalui konsep pariwisata budaya. Pariwisata disini dimungkinkan menjadi alat untuk mengemas upaya pelestarian kawasan situs Warisan Dunia menjadi daya tarik wisata budaya. Kajian ini menghasilkan sejumlah rekomendasi yang dapat diterapkan dalam mengembangkan pariwisata berkelanjutan di kawasan situs Warisan Dunia. Today, the identity of Indonesian people faces a severe problem due to the influence of globalization, which brings significant changes in various aspects of national life; therefore, it required continuous efforts to build and strengthen the identity of the Indonesian people. We can start by protecting and preserving the diversity of the traditional noble values and cultural heritage that still reflect Indonesian characteristics. The awareness of the world about the importance of preserving cultural heritage sites is increasing over time, providing an opportunity for the importance of implementing conservation to strengthen the resilience of Indonesian culture. One of the conservation efforts is to propose cultural heritage in the form of site, building complex, and cultural landscape that spread in the territory of Indonesia with their uniqueness as World Heritage that has universal values. World Heritage site is a national asset, so everyone has the right and obligation to understand, appreciate, and preserve the universal, national, and local values contained in it through an integrated and sustainable management mechanism. This study was the result of desk research with the analysis using a qualitative descriptive method based on literature studies from relevant references. The results of this study indicate that a positive approach in the management and utilization of the world heritage is by using a sustainable tourism approach through the cultural tourism concept. Here, tourism might be a tool to package the conservation efforts of the world heritage site to become a cultural tourist attraction. This study produced some recommendations that can apply to develop sustainable tourism in the World Heritage site.


Author(s):  
Anil Verma ◽  
G. Rajendran

Delighting consumers has been one of the most important goals for marketing stakeholders but the effect of historical nostalgia on tourists delight at the world cultural heritage sites has rarely been examined. This study examines the impact of historical nostalgia on the heritage tourists' delight, their satisfaction and destination loyalty intention. The survey for the study was conducted at the world cultural heritage site of Mahabalipuram, India. The hypotheses were tested through the structural equation modelling technique. The results indicated positive and significant effect of historical nostalgia on tourists' delight, satisfaction and destination loyalty intention. The study makes contribution to the tourism studies by examining the role of historical nostalgia in delighting the tourists at the cultural heritage sites and instructs the managers to evoke such experiences to keep the heritage tourists delighted and thereby enhance their loyalty.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Suriati Ahmad ◽  
David S. Jones ◽  
Ahmad Zamil Zakaria ◽  
Nur Huzeima Mohd Hussain

The cultural construction through landscape condense with values that further links to sense of place - genius loci and identity. Identity on the other hand is essential to ‘sense of place’ and creates meaning for people who experience the everyday landscape. Having regard to place, identity and heritage, this paper focusses upon the resident’s perspective in perceiving the merit embedded within the ruin image of the Kinta Valley. Maintaining the qualitative inquiry, the findings of this investigation will enrich the cultural heritage of the place having regard to integrity and authenticity that further defined and characterized Kinta Valley’s regional post-industrial mining landscape today.


1970 ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Inge Andriansen

Dybbøl is the brow of a hill located about 30 km north-east of the border between Denmark and Germany. This area was once the former Danish Duchy of Schleswig, which was under German rule in the period from 1864 to 1920. Dybbøl was also the site of intense fighting during the Schleswig-Holstein Revolt of 1848–50 and the Danish-German War of 1864. There are remains of both Danish and German fortifications and earthworks, along with large mass graves in which troops from Denmark, Schleswig-Holstein and Germany lie buried. After a plebiscite about the placing of the border was held in 1920, Schleswig was divided up, and the northern part – which included Dybbøl – became part of Denmark. This was followed by a comprehensive ”Danishification” of the cultural landscape, which had previously been dominated by a large Prussian victory monument and numerous German memorial stones. A Danish national park was set up at Dybbøl in 1924, with the backing of the local population and financial sup- port from a national collection appeal, and formally opened by the Danish prime minister. After this, Dybbøl became the epitome of the institutionalised cultural heritage of the state of Denmark, and would almost certainly be included in any ”cultural canon” of the most significant geographical locations that have helped shape the Danish sense of national identity. However, Dybbøl also features another – less comfortable – aspect of the Danish cultural heritage, bearing witness to Danish acts of vandalism perpetrated against the German monuments found here. Any study of the use of the history associated with Dybbøl uncovers layer upon layer of episodes that speak of conflicting interests and countless metamorphoses that led to the site being imbued with new values and a sequence of new identities. And in step with the resurgence of nationalist sentiments in Denmark since the mid-1980s, there has been a corresponding, strengthened re-annexation of the cultural heritage associated with Dybbøl. The need to cling on to and retain establis- hed, familiar positions and a fundamental sense of belonging are well-known aspects of the process of globalisation, and are seen throughout the world. In Dybbøl, this deep-felt need has resulted in the construction of a Danish fortification, and the Danish flag flying atop the many flagpoles has become more frequent sight. This process can also be interpreted as an expression of Danish foreign policy taking on a more active role in the world.


2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ali Mohamed Khalil ◽  
Eman Hanye Mohamed Nasr

PurposeThe study aims to analyze the development of Omani heritage legislation against the UNESCO World Heritage Convention (WHC), 1972 and WHC Operational Guidelines (WHC-OGs) to predict the possible effects of the recent developments on the management of the World Heritage Site in Oman.Design/methodology/approachThis study discusses the development of the heritage protection legislation in Sultanate of Oman since 1970; it analyses the Omani Cultural Heritage Law 35/2019 against the recommendations of the UNESCO WHC as well as the requirements of the World Heritage Operational Guidelines. Moreover, the research investigates the possible effects of the recent heritage legislation developments on the management of Bahla Fort and Oasis in Oman, which is the first Omani World Heritage Site and the only site with special management regulations.FindingsThe paper outlines the effects of both the Omani Cultural Heritage Law 35/2019 and the Special Management Regulations 81/2019 on the implementation of the Bahla Management Plan. Additionally, the research establishes how the customization of heritage legislation as a special heritage management regulation facilitates the implementation of national legislation to solve specific local problems.Originality/valueThe study establishes the significance of developing comprehensive legislation to protect and manage the rich Omani cultural heritage and World Heritage Sites in alignment with the WHC and the WHC-OGs.


2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 04020
Author(s):  
Aleksei Mikhailov

The paper is devoted to research of scientific and methodological approaches to the definition of urban planning objects of protection. Attention is paid to individual objects of cultural heritage and the totality of such objects united in ensembles, as well as a significant area and complexity of the world cultural heritage site “Historical center of Saint-Petersburg and related groups of monuments”. Typical examples are considered: Kirov Department Store and factory-kitchen, G. F. Voldt’s Summer house, Estate of E. I. Lopukhina (Levashovy’s, Vyazemski’s) “Aspen Grove”.


2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Wieruszewska

The Author – ethnologist and anthropologist of culture – defends the thesis that rural landscape is an important component of cultural heritage. Virtual “cyberspaces” as - sume the role of an alternative life environment. Physical space loses the basis for explaining the world and for shaping human experience. The degraded rural cultural landscape is the proof of erroneous conceptions and rural space gathers the effects of a deficit of sensibility to “long continuance”. In opposition to postmodernist assessments the Author objects to the attempts at destabilising culture. Culture is significant. The protection of rural landscape as a particularly sensitive and valuable quality has a sense. In the conclusion of her article the Author suggests that a more thorough humanistic reflection is needed to make it possible to optimally implement the recommendations of the European Landscape Convention.


Author(s):  
L. Wong ◽  
M. Santana Quintero

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> There are two tombs of Tutankhamen both located in Luxor, Egypt: one in the Valley of the Kings, excavated into the Theban bedrock and decorated with wall paintings, dating from 1323 BCE; the other, installed 3 km away, opened in April 2014 and is considered to be an ‘exact facsimile’ of the original tomb. Tutankhamen’s tomb is just one example of a cultural heritage site that has been replicated. This list is steadily growing as replicas are finding renewed favour fuelled by technological advancements in three-dimensional recording, capture and fabrication which has enabled the production of highly accurate replicas in both physical and virtual form. Comparisons drawn between the two tombs of Tutankhamen—the original and the replica—aim to highlight the differing approaches of parallel preservation projects and intends to prompt questions surrounding the commissioning and use of replicas in the cultural heritage field and the growing role that 3D digital technology is playing in the preservation/conservation sector. Sites and cultural heritage organization are scrambling to be part of the 3D digital revolution. But, has the transition to 3D and the revival in replicas happened too quickly and at the expense of a site’s other conservation needs? Is technology being used in the service of conservation and preservation or is it the other way around? How can those working with heritage balance the benefit of 3D technology with the overall conservation needs for a site? Using the example of Tutankhamen’s two tombs this paper aims to provoke discussion on these topics.</p>


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