scholarly journals Paper Foxing Stains on a Historic Manuscript from the Early Qajar Era: Abiotic or Biotic Foxing?

Heritage ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1366-1374
Author(s):  
Alireza Koochakzaei ◽  
Samane Alizadeh Gharetapeh
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Gaussian Function ◽  
High Accumulation ◽  
Cellulose Oxidation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Uv Fluorescence ◽  
Fungal Activity ◽  
Peak Deconvolution ◽  
Holy Quran ◽  
Qajar Period

The aim of this study was to identify the nature and cause of foxing spots in a historical manuscript. This manuscript was a Holy Quran from the beginning of the Qajar period and the end of the 18th century. Samples were incubated for 14 days and were evaluated for the presence of fungal activity. UV fluorescence photography, micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were also used to investigate the characteristics and causes of foxing spots. The results showed that there was no fungal activity in the foxing spots of this manuscript. Based on the morphology of the stain in UV fluorescence photography, these foxing stains are of the Bullseye type, usually associated with metal ions. µXRF spectroscopy also showed a high accumulation of iron and copper at the site of these spots. This indicates abiotic foxing in this manuscript. Based on FTIR spectroscopy and peak deconvolution and fitting by Gaussian function, abiotic foxing increases the cellulose oxidation rate. Intensification of cellulose oxidation in foxing stains can be considered as one of the reasons for paper discoloration.

Fourier Deconvolution of the Amide I Raman Band of Proteins as Related to Conformation

1988 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 819-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heino Susi ◽  
D. Michael Byler
Keyword(s):  
Raman Band ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Gaussian Function ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Protein Conformations ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fourier Deconvolution ◽  
Infrared Methods ◽  
Good Agreement

Fourier deconvolution has been employed to enhance the resolution of the amide I Raman band of nine proteins found in milk and/or other foods. The broad band was resolved into several components. The overall shape of the amide I Raman band of proteins was found to be nearly Gaussian or to be composed of Gaussian components. A Gaussian function was therefore used for deconvolution. The results obtained were more detailed than those obtained with the Lorentzian approximation usually employed. The resolved band components were assigned to specific protein conformations. The frequencies and assignments are in good agreement with previous Raman work based on entirely different procedures. The band areas of the resolved components appear to reflect the fraction of any given conformation in a protein. Semiquantitative estimations of protein conformation are in reasonable agreement with data obtained by x-ray diffraction and by infrared methods.

Improvements of Elemental Mapping via X-ray Spectrum Imaging Combined with Principal Component Analysis and Zero-Peak Deconvolution

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (S02) ◽  
pp. 1040-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Watanabe ◽  
D.B. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Elemental Mapping ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Peak Deconvolution ◽  
Spectrum Imaging

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.

Quantitative evaluation of ante-mortem lead in human remains of the 18th century by triaxial geometry and bench top micro X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 2488-2495 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Dias ◽  
M. Carvalho ◽  
M. L. Carvalho ◽  
S. Pessanha
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Human Remains ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lead Distribution

The aim of this work is to demonstrate the suitability of the commercial benchtop micro X-ray fluorescence system M4 Tornado, to evaluate the differences in lead distribution in different bone and tooth structures due to ante-mortem contamination.

A Gaussian–Hermite polynomials function for X-ray diffraction profile fitting

1999 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 730-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Sánchez-Bajo ◽  
F. L. Cumbrera
Keyword(s):  
Hermite Polynomials ◽  
Gaussian Function ◽  
Shape Functions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Stabilized Zirconia ◽  
Profile Function ◽  
Diffraction Profile ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Profile Fitting ◽  
Diffraction Peaks

In recent years, several profile-shape functions have been successfully used in X-ray powder diffraction studies. Here, a new profile function for approximating the X-ray diffraction peaks is proposed. This model, based on a Gaussian function multiplied by a correction factor in the form of a series expansion in Hermite polynomials, can be employed in the cases where there are peak asymmetries. The function has been tested by using samples of α-Al2O3and 9-YSZ (yttria-stabilized zirconia), yielding generally satisfactory results.

scholarly journals The History of the Translation of the Holy Quran in Bengali: The Translation Example of Gulam Azam

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-172
Author(s):  
Mizanur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Holy Quran ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Holy Quran ◽  
Different Cultures

The holy Quran is the divine message sent to all humanity by Allah (SWT). This message concerns not only the owners of the language from which it descended but all humanity. So it is necessary to translate this message into those languages for people from different cultures to understand. However, whether the Quran will be translated into other languages has been discussed throughout history and positive and negative opinions about the issue continue. As a Muslim-dominated country, Bangladesh has been working on the translation of the Quran since the 18th century. This article, firstly, discussed the historical process of the translation of the Quran into Bengali and then the translation of the Quran by Gholam Azam is examined as an example, who worked to understand and explain the Quran and reflect the effect of the Quran in social life.

scholarly journals Multianalytical Study for Establishing the Historical Contexts of the Church of the Holy Archangels from Cicau, Alba County, Romania, for its Promotion as a World Heritage Good I. Assessing the preservation-restoration works from the 18th century

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 2538-2544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ion Sandu ◽  
Cosmin Tudor Iurcovschi ◽  
Ioan Gabriel Sandu ◽  
Viorica Vasilache ◽  
Ioan Cristinel Negru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
X Ray ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopes ◽  
The Church ◽  
Made In

The present paper is the first instalment of a series focused on establishing some archaeometric characteristics of the modern finishings (mortars, fresco and layers of whitewash) of the Church of the Holy Archangels from Cic�u, Alba County, Romania, in order to assess the shape, with the structural-functional integrity and architectural and artistic aspect of the monument for the last historical context, between 1710 and 1790. This period is the most extensive and less known of the church�s stages of transformation: 11th�12th century (unknown), 15th century (known) and 18th century (partially known), which was very tumultuous from the socio-economic and political point of view. Thus, in the following pages we present the resulting archaeometric characteristics of optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopes in combination with energy-dispersive X-Ray spectrometry (SEM-EDX) and thermal derivatography (TG/DTA/DTG) analyses of two pigments from the exonarthex fresco (made in 1781) and the later eight layers of whitewash applied over it, which allowed assessing the periods with marked changes in the architecture and polychrome finishings.

scholarly journals NuSTAR view of Be/X-ray binary pulsar 2S 1417−624 during 2018 giant outburst

2019 ◽  
Vol 490 (2) ◽  
pp. 2458-2466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivangi Gupta ◽  
Sachindra Naik ◽  
Gaurava K Jaisawal
Keyword(s):  
Broad Band ◽  
Gaussian Function ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Spectral Studies ◽  
Band Spectrum ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Binary Pulsar ◽  
Double Peak Structure ◽  
Peak Structure ◽  
Cyclotron Line

ABSTRACT We report the results obtained from a detailed timing and spectral studies of Be/X-ray binary pulsar 2S 1417−624 using data from Swift and NuSTAR observatories. The observations were carried out at the peak of a giant outburst of the pulsar in 2018. X-ray pulsations at ∼17.475 s were detected in the source light curves up to 79 keV. The evolution of the pulse profiles with energy was found to be complex. A four-peaked profile at lower energies gradually evolved into a double-peak structure at higher energies. The pulsed fraction of the pulsar, calculated from the NuSTAR observation was found to follow an anticorrelation trend with luminosity as observed during previous giant X-ray outburst studies in 2009. The broad-band spectrum of the pulsar is well described by a composite model consisting of a cut-off power-law model modified with the interstellar absorption, a thermal blackbody component with a temperature of ≈1 keV, and a Gaussian function for the 6.4 keV iron emission line. Though the pulsar was observed at the peak of the giant outburst, there was no signature of presence of any cyclotron line feature in the spectrum. The radius of the blackbody emitting region was estimated to be ≈2 km, suggesting that the most probable site of its origin is the stellar surface of the neutron star. Physical models were also explored to understand the emission geometry of the pulsar and are discussed in the paper.

scholarly journals Non-Invasive On-Site Raman Study of Pigments and Glassy Matrix of 17th–18th Century Painted Enamelled Chinese Metal Wares: Comparison with French Enamelling Technology

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Colomban ◽  
Burcu Kırmızı ◽  
Bing Zhao ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Clais ◽  
Yong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qing Dynasty ◽  
Au Nanoparticles ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Glassy Matrix ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Qing Dynasty ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Lead Arsenate ◽  
Raman Study ◽  
Selection Of

A selection of 10 Chinese enamelled metal wares dating from the 17th–18th centuries (Qing Dynasty) was analysed on-site by mobile Raman microspectroscopy. These wares display cloisonné and/or painted enamels and belong to the collections of Musée du Louvre in Paris and Musée Chinois at the Fontainebleau Castle in France. Pigments (Naples yellow lead pyrochlore, hematite, manganese oxide etc.), opacifiers (fluorite, lead arsenates) and corresponding lead-based glassy matrices were identified. One artefact was also analysed by portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (pXRF) in order to confirm the Raman data. In some of these metal wares, it is suggested that cassiterite was unpredictably used as an opacifier in some parts of the decor. The results are compared to previous data obtained on Chinese cloisonné and Limoges enamels as well as recent data recorded on painted enamelled porcelains of the Qing Dynasty. Lead arsenate apatite detected in some of the 17th–18th century blue enamelled decors is related to the use of arsenic-rich European cobalt ores, as also characterized in French soft-paste porcelain and glass decors and high-quality Limoges enamels for the same period. However, lead arsenate could then also have been deliberately used for white opacification. The specific Raman signature displaying the shape of the Raman scattering background indicates the presence of colloidal gold (Au° nanoparticles) in red to violet enamelled and cloisonné areas. At least three types of Naples yellow lead pyrochlore pigments identified with Sb-rich, Sn-rich and mixed Sb–Sn–(Zn, Fe?) compositions prove the use of European pigments/recipes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document