scholarly journals Effects of Different Sulfur Dioxide Pads on Botrytis Mold in ‘Italia’ Table Grapes under Cold Storage

Horticulturae ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Ahmed ◽  
Sergio Roberto ◽  
Allan Domingues ◽  
Muhammad Shahab ◽  
Osmar Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Dual Release

‘Italia’ grape is one of the most important table grape cultivars grown worldwide. Gray mold, caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers. Fr., is one of the most important causes of postharvest decay of table grapes, and the control of this disease is very difficult because postharvest treatments with synthetic fungicides are not allowed in many countries. The objective of this study was to compare different types of pads releasing different doses of SO2 during cold storage to control gray mold in ‘Italia’ table grapes grown under subtropical conditions. Grape bunches were harvested from a commercial field trained on an overhead trellis located at Cambira, state of Parana (PR), South Brazil. The grapes were packed into carton boxes (capacity, 4.5 kg) and subjected to the following SO2 pad treatments (Uvasys®, Cape Town, South Africa) under cold storage (1.0 ± 1 °C) for 50 days: (i) Control; (ii) SO2 slow release pad; (iii) SO2 dual release pad; (iv) SO2 dual release–fast reduced pad; (v) SO2 slow release pad with grapes inoculated with B. cinerea suspension; (vi) SO2 dual release pad with grapes inoculated with B. cinerea suspension; and (vii) SO2 dual release-fast reduced pad with grapes inoculated with B. cinerea suspension. After cold storage, the grape boxes were maintained for 7 days at room temperature (25 °C). The incidence of gray mold on the grapes, firmness, shattered berries, stem browning, as well as other physicochemical variables, such as bunch mass, bunch mass loss, skin color, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA) and SS/TA were evaluated. Both SO2 dual release pads were highly efficient in preventing the incidence of gray mold in ‘Italia’ grapes packed in clamshells during the 50-day period of cold storage and at room temperature, even with Botrytis-inoculated berries. The SO2 slow release pad showed lower efficiency, but was higher than the control. The SO2 dual release pad treatments provided the best results with respect to stem browning scores (fresh and green stems) during cold storage, and no differences were observed among the treatments with respect to the other physicochemical evaluations.

scholarly journals Postharvest Techniques to Prevent the Incidence of Botrytis Mold of ‘BRS Vitoria’ Seedless Grape under Cold Storage

Horticulturae ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Domingues ◽  
Sergio Roberto ◽  
Saeed Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Shahab ◽  
Osmar José Chaves Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Postharvest Disease ◽  
Seedless Grape ◽  
Dual Release ◽  
Cold Chamber

‘BRS Vitoria’ (Vitis spp.) is a novel hybrid seedless table grape recommended for cultivation in tropical and subtropical areas, especially for overseas export. The main postharvest disease of this cultivar is botrytis or gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), which occurs even under low temperatures in cold chambers. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) release pads have been used to control this disease under cold storage, but some grape cultivars are sensitive to certain levels of this compound. The objective of this work was to evaluate different types of SO2 generator pads in order to prevent the incidence of gray mold of ‘BRS Vitoria’ seedless grape, as well to avoid other grape injuries during cold storage. Grape bunches were harvested when fully ripened (16°Brix) from a commercial field trained on overhead trellis and located at Marialva, state of Parana (PR) (South Brazil). Grapes were packed into carton boxes and subjected to the following SO2 pad treatments (Uvasys®, Cape Town, South Africa) in a cold chamber (2 °C): (a) control; (b) SO2 slow release pad; (c) SO2 dual release pad; (d) SO2 dual release–fast reduced pad; (e) SO2 slow release pad with grapes inoculated with B. cinerea; (f) SO2 dual release pad with grapes inoculated with B. cinerea; and (g) SO2 dual release–fast reduced pad with grapes inoculated with B. cinerea. After a 50-day cold chamber period, the grape boxes were kept for 7 days at room temperature at 25 °C. A randomized design was used with seven treatments and four replications, with five bunches per plot. The incidence of gray mold on grapes was evaluated after the 50-day cold storage and after the 7-days-at-room-temperature periods, as well other grape physicochemical variables, such as shattered berries, stem browning, bunch mass, bunch mass loss, skin color, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), and SS/TA. The dual release pads were more efficient in preventing the incidence of gray mold and mass loss in ‘BRS Vitoria’ seedless grapes than the slow release pads in both storage periods. The incidence of shattered berries was lower when any type SO2 pad was used during cold storage, and no effects were observed on stem browning, firmness, or berry skin color of ‘BRS Vitoria’ grapes.

scholarly journals Postharvest Preservation of the New Hybrid Seedless Grape, ‘BRS Isis’, Grown Under the Double-Cropping a Year System in a Subtropical Area

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed ◽  
Ruffo Roberto ◽  
Youssef ◽  
Colombo ◽  
Shahab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Double Cropping ◽  
Seedless Grape ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design

‘BRS Isis’ is a new hybrid seedless table grape tolerant to downy mildew with a good adaptation to the tropical and subtropical climates. Gray mold, caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr. is known as the most important postharvest mold in table grapes, causing extensive losses worldwide. As the postharvest behavior of ‘BRS Isis’ is still unknown, the objective of this work was to evaluate the postharvest preservation and B. cinerea mold control of this new grape cultivar, grown under the double-cropping a year system. Grape bunches were purchased from a field of ‘BRS Isis’ seedless table grapes trained on overhead trellises located at Marialva, state of Parana (South Brazil). Grapes were subjected to the following treatments in a cold room at 1 ± 1°C: (i) Control; (ii) SO2-generating pad; (iii) control with bunches inoculated with the pathogen suspension; (iv) SO2-generating pad with bunches inoculated with the pathogen suspension. The completely randomized experimental design was used with four treatments, each including five replicates. The incidence of gray mold and other physicochemical variables, including bunch mass loss, shattered berries, skin color index, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), and SS/TA ratio of grapes, were evaluated at 50 days after the beginning of cold storage and at seven days at room temperature (22 ± 2°C). The ‘BRS Isis’ seedless grape, packaged with SO2-generating pads and plastic liners, has a high potential to be preserved for long periods under cold storage, at least for 50 days, keeping very low natural incidence of gray mold, mass loss, and shattered berries.

scholarly journals Control of postharvest gray mold of ‘BRS Nubia’ table grape under cold storage

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6supl2) ◽  
pp. 3457-3465
Author(s):  
Ronan Carlos Colombo ◽  
◽  
Deived Uilian de Carvalho ◽  
Maria Aparecida da Cruz ◽  
Ciro Hideki Sumida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Commercial Vineyard ◽  
Solids Content

The demand for high-quality nutritional products has increased fruit consumption, as grapes, for this reason postharvest techniques are required to prevent losses, to preserve quality, to extend shelf life, and to attend to consumer needs. In this way, the objective of this study was to evaluate strategies to control gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea in ‘BRS Nubia’ grapes during cold storage and shelf life periods. Grape bunches were harvested from a commercial vineyard in Marialva, Parana, Brazil. Grapes were subjected to the following treatments: cold storage at 2 ºC (control), cold storage at 2 ºC with SO2-generating pads, cold storage at 2 ºC and inoculated with B. cinerea suspension, and cold storage at 2 ºC with SO2-generating pads and inoculated with B. cinerea suspension. The experiment was conducted in a complete randomized design with five replications per treatment using four bunches per experimental unit. A factorial arrangement (absence/presence of SO2 pads × absence/presence of Botrytis inoculation) was applied. At the end of 30 days of cold storage and 7 days of shelf life (22 ºC), gray mold incidence, shattered berries, and physicochemical parameters were evaluated. The gray mold incidence on ‘BRS Nubia’ grapes decreased when SO2-generating pads were used during cold storage. Berry weight loss was greater in the treatments without SO2-generating pads after 30 days of cold storage followed by 7 days of shelf life. Berry firmness, soluble solids content (SS), total acidity (TA), SS/TA ratio, and anthocyanins concentration were not negatively affected by SO2-generating pad treatments. However, a slight increase in the shattered berries percentage was recorded for the SO2-generating pad treatments. No significant quality loss of ‘BRS Nubia’ grape was evident after 30 days of cold storage followed by 7 days of exposure at room temperature. In this context, SO2-generating pads can be used to control the gray mold incidence on ‘BRS Nubia’ table grapes during cold storage.

scholarly journals Cold Storage and Biocontrol Agents to Extend the Storage Period of ‘BRS Isis’ Seedless Table Grapes

Horticulturae ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronan Colombo ◽  
Deived Carvalho ◽  
Maria Cruz ◽  
Ciro Sumida ◽  
Saeed Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Postharvest Disease ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Seedless Grape

‘BRS Isis’ is a novel hybrid seedless table grape with large reddish bunches. This cultivar is cultivated in tropical and subtropical areas and has potential to be exported overseas; however, under these growth conditions, grapes can be severely damaged by gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), the main postharvest disease of table grapes. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate different pre- and postharvest strategies to extend the storage period of ‘BRS Isis’ seedless table grapes. The treatments consisted of grapes packed into carton boxes under cold storage (1 °C and high relative humidity), pre- and/or postharvest treatment with potassium bicarbonate or a biological control agent (Bacillus subtilis), all with Botrytis inoculation. Additionally, two controls, with and without Botrytis inoculation, were also evaluated. The experimental design was completely randomized with eight treatments and three replications, and each plot consisted of four bunches. After a 50-day cold storage period, the carton boxes were kept for five days at room temperature (22 °C). Gray mold incidence and water loss, as well as soluble solids (SS), pH, titratable acidity (TA), SS/TA ratio, and color attributes were evaluated during both periods. Cold storage effectively reduced gray mold in ‘BRS Isis’ seedless grape for a period of 50 days, even when grapes were inoculated; however, no difference among treatments was observed. Higher water loss was observed in both non-treated control treatments.

scholarly journals Post-harvest conservation of “Benitaka” table grapes with different SO2−generating pads and plastic liners under cold storage

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
S. Roberto ◽  
O. Junior ◽  
D. Muhlbeier ◽  
R. Koyama ◽  
S. Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Dual Release

This work aimed at evaluating the post-harvest conservation of “Benitaka” table grape by using different types of SO2-generating pads and perforated plastic liners under cold storage. The grapes were harvested from off-season crop 2018 in a commercial vineyard located at Cambira, PR, Brazil. The completely randomized design was used with four replications in a 2-factor arrangement with an additional treatment [(4 × 3) + 1], and the following factors were evaluated: a) SO2-generating pads (slow release containing 7 g of active ingredient – a.i.; slow release containing 4 g of a.i.; dual release containing 5 g of a.i.; and dual release containing 8 g of a.i.); and b) perforated plastic liners (0.3%, 0.9% and 1.0% of ventilation areas). The additional treatment did not contain any type of SO2-generating pad, only standard microperforated plastic liner (1% of ventilation area). The bunches were packed in 0.5 kg-capacity plastic clamshells, which were placed in a corrugated carton box with the different combinations of SO2-generating pads and plastic liners under cold storage at 1 ∘C with high relative humidity (>90%). The treatments were evaluated at 30 and 45 days after the beginning of the cold storage, recording the incidence of gray mold, shattered berries, stem browning, mass loss and berry firmness. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared by Tukey's test at 5%. The use of dual release SO2-generating pads containing 5 g or 8 g of a.i., as well the slow release pads with 7 g of a.i., are efficient to control the incidence of gray mold in “Benitaka” table grapes packaged in plastic clamshells and kept under cold storage at 1 ∘C up to 45 days. In these storage conditions, the use of perforated plastic liners with 0.3% of ventilation area or the micro perforated with 1.0% of ventilation area, result in the lowest bunch mass loss and shattered berries.

scholarly journals SO2-generating pads reduce gray mold in clamshell-packaged ‘Rubi’ table grapes grown under a two-cropping per year system

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 1069-1086
Author(s):  
Débora Thaís Mühlbeier ◽  
◽  
Luana Tainá Ribeiro ◽  
Maíra Tiaki Higuchi ◽  
Youssef Khamis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
Dual Release ◽  
Cold Chamber

The aim of this work was to evaluate different SO2-generating pads and liners to control gray mold in ventilated clamshell-packaged ‘Rubi’ table grapes grown under a two-cropping per year system. The treatments consisted of SO2-generating pads (slow release or dual release) and plastic liners with different perforations (microperforated; 2.0; 4.0 or 5.0 mm in diameter) and a control, only with the standard microperforated plastic liner. The packaged grapes were stored in a cold chamber at 1.0 ± 1.0 °C and 95% relative humidity. After 45 days, the grapes were removed from cold storage and placed, without liners and SO2-generating pads, for 3 days at room temperature (22.0 ± 1.0 °C). The evaluations occurred at 30 and 45 days after the beginning of cold storage, and the following variables were assessed: incidence of gray mold, mass loss, stem browning and shattered berries. At 3 days of shelf-life, the same variables were assessed, except mass loss. The completely randomized design was used as a statistical model with four replications, and each plot consisted of five bunches individually stored in ventilated clamshell-packaged. The dual release SO2-generating pads are efficient in controlling the gray mold in ‘Rubi’ table grapes regardless of the type of perforation of the plastic liners, with low mass loss and shattered berries, with good conservation of the freshness of the rachis. The disease was efficiently controlled in both annual crops. The slow-release SO2-generating pads, regardless of the type of perforation of the plastic liners, resulted in intermediate efficiency of gray mold control, with good physical quality of the bunches. Thus, the use of dual release SO2-generating pads is recommended to control gray mold in ventilated clamshell-packaged ‘Rubi’ table grapes.

scholarly journals COLD TOLERANCE OF BANANA FRUITS OF DIFFERENT CULTIVARS

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOÃO ALISON ALVES OLIVEIRA ◽  
LUIZ CARLOS CHAMHUM SALOMÃO ◽  
DALMO LOPES DE SIQUEIRA ◽  
PAULO ROBERTO CECON
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
C Storage

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the tolerance of fruits of different banana cultivars to low temperature storages. Fruits of the cultivars Nanicão (AAA), Prata (AAB), Vitória (AAAB), Maçã (AAB) and Caipira (AAA) were used. Clusters of three fruits were kept in cold storage for 7, 14 and 21 days, with average temperature of 10.53±0.37°C and relative humidity of 85%. Subsequently, the clusters were transferred to temperatures of 22±0.39°C and evaluated for 16 days. The fruits of all cultivars remained green after 21 days of storage at 10.53±0.37°C. Fruits of the cultivar Nanicão did not completely ripened after transferred to the 22°C storage, when stored for 7 days at low temperature. These fruits were firmer, with green peel and low soluble solids and titratable acidity. The fruits of all cultivars complete the ripening when transferred to room temperature after 21 days of cold storage. Chilling injuries increased with cold storage time in all cultivars. The cultivars Nanicão, Caipira and Maçã had more symptoms of chilling injury, while Prata and Vitória were more tolerant to the cold storage (10.53°C) for up to 21 days, showing normal ripening after transferred to the 22±0.39°C storage.

scholarly journals Control of Gray Mold on Clamshell-Packaged ‘Benitaka’ Table Grapes Using Sulphur Dioxide Pads and Perforated Liners

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osmar Jose Chaves Junior ◽  
Khamis Youssef ◽  
Renata Koyama ◽  
Saeed Ahmed ◽  
Allan Ricardo Dominguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Dual Release

The use of vented clamshells has become popular in the packaging of grapes for local and international markets. The aim of this study is to evaluate the postharvest preservation of ‘Benitaka’ table grapes individually packaged in vented clamshells using different types of SO2-generating pads and perforated plastic liners during cold storage. A completely randomized design with four replications in a two-factor arrangement with an additional treatment [(4 × 3) + 1] was used. The trials were carried out under two situations: Artificial or natural infections with Botrytis cinerea, which is the causal agent of gray mold on table grapes. The incidence of gray mold, shattered berries, and stem browning were evaluated at 30 and 45 days of cold storage at 1 ± 1 °C and 3 days of shelf-life at 22 ± 1 °C after the period of cold storage. Mass loss and berry firmness were also examined at the end of the cold storage period. The use of dual-release SO2-generating pads containing 5 or 8 g of a.i. and slow-release pads with 7 g of a.i. was effective in controlling the incidence of gray mold in grapes packaged in vented clamshells and kept under cold storage for up to 45 days. Under these storage conditions, perforated plastic liners with 0.3% ventilation area or micro-perforated liners with 1.0% ventilation area reduced the percentage of mass loss and shattered berries.

scholarly journals Ripening and quality of 'Laetitia' plums following harvest and cold storage as affected by inhibition of ethylene action

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1139-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Carlos Argenta ◽  
Juliana Golin Krammes ◽  
Clarice Aparecida Megguer ◽  
Cassandro Vidal Talamini Amarante ◽  
James Mattheis
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Storage Life ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Ethylene Action ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
And Storage

The inhibition of ethylene action by 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) extends shelf and storage life of many climacteric fruits. However, 1-MCP appears to have limited effects on stone fruit depending on specie and cultivar. The effects of 1-MCP on ripening and quality of 'Laetitia' plums were determined during ripening at 23ºC following harvest and cold storage. Japanese plums (Prunus salicina, cv. Laetitia) were harvested at mature pre-climacteric stage, cooled to 2ºC within 36 hours of harvest and then treated with 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.50 or 1.00 muL L-1 of 1-MCP at 1°C for 24 hours. Following treatment, fruits were either held at 23ºC for 16 days or stored at 1ºC for 50 days. Fruits were removed from cold storage at 10-day intervals and allowed to ripe at 23°C for five days. A delay of climacteric respiration and ethylene production by 1-MCP treatment during ripening following harvest and cold storage was associated to a slow rate of fruit softening. 1-MCP treatment also delayed the loss of titratable acidity and changes of flesh and skin color, whereas it had little or no effect on soluble solids content. 1-MCP effects were concentration- and storage duration-dependent and, generally, a saturation fruit response to 1-MCP occurred between 0.5 and 1.0 muL L-1. During ripening, 1-MCP treated fruits attained quality similar to that of controls. Results indicated that 1-MCP treatment may extend shelf life (23ºC) and storage life (1ºC) of 'Laetitia' plums by approximately six and 20 days, respectively.

scholarly journals Sulphur Dioxide Pads Can Reduce Gray Mold While Maintaining the Quality of Clamshell-Packaged ‘BRS Nubia’ Seeded Table Grapes Grown under Protected Cultivation

Horticulturae ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Khamis Youssef ◽  
Osmar Jose Chaves Junior ◽  
Débora Thaís Mühlbeier ◽  
Sergio Ruffo Roberto
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Sodium Metabisulfite ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Protected Cultivation ◽  
Dual Release

The purpose of this research is to test the efficacy of different types of SO2-generating pads on the incidence of gray mold, and on the physicochemical properties of quality of ‘BRS Nubia’ seeded table grapes grown under protected cultivation. Four types of SO2-generating pads, 5 or 8 g of sodium metabisulfite dual release pads, and 4 or 7 g of sodium metabisulfite slow release pads, were used. Grapes bunches were harvested from a vineyard covered with plastic mash and stored in a cold room at 1 ± 1 °C for 45 days followed by 6 days of shelf life at 22 ± 1 °C at a high relative humidity (>95%). The results showed that SO2-generating pads with a dual release of 5 or 8 g completely inhibited the development of gray mold at all evaluation times. Also, a high reduction of the disease incidence was achieved by using a slow release of 4 g. The study confirmed that SO2-generating pads did not alter the physicochemical properties of ‘BRS Nubia’ seeded table grapes including mass loss, berry firmness, color index, total anthocyanin concentration, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), and the TSS/TA ratio. Slow release pads at 4 and 7 g reduced the percentage of shattered berries by 56 and 48% as compared to control only after 6 days of shelf life. Also, all types of SO2-generating pads reduced the stem browning score at the end of cold storage. The 5 or 8 g dual release pads and 4 g slow release pads can be considered for effective controlling of gray mold for ‘BRS Nubia’ table grapes grown under protected cultivation while maintaining grape quality.

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