scholarly journals Grapefruit Production in Open Hydroponics System

Horticulturae ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Rhuanito S. Ferrarezi ◽  
Thiago A. R. Nogueira ◽  
Arun D. Jani ◽  
Alan L. Wright ◽  
Mark A. Ritenour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
High Density ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Canopy Volume

Conventionally managed citrus orchards can be modified to incorporate advanced horticultural practices such as higher plant density and efficient water and fertilizer application known as open hydroponics system (OHS) to increase productivity under Huanglongbing (HLB) endemic conditions. A field study was conducted from 2013 to 2018 to evaluate the effect of an OHS on “Ray Ruby” grapefruit (RR) production under HLB-endemic conditions. We tested a combination of different rootstocks [Sour orange (RR/SO) and US-897 (RR/897)], tree planting densities [standard (STD, 358 trees per ha) and high density staggered (HDS, 953 trees per ha)], fertilization methods (dry granular—dry and fertigation—fert), and irrigation systems (double driplines—DD and microsprinkler—MS), arranged in five treatments: RR/SO_STD_dry_MS, RR/SO_HDS_fert_DD, RR/897_HDS_fert_MS, RR/897_HDS_fert_DD, and RR/SO_HDS_fert_MS. All trees were infected by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus five years after planting. Trunk diameter and canopy volume increased over time and were higher under RR/SO_STD_dry_MS compared to other treatments. Total fruit number increased in 2016/17 compared to other seasons; however, 65% of fruit were classified as small (<100 mm). Fruit produced under RR/897_HDS_fert_DD had the highest amount (79%) of adequate size fruit (100–117 mm) compared to other treatments. Fruit yield was similar for both rootstocks planted at HDS using DD and MS fertigation, and 67% higher than the standard treatment (RR/SO_STD_dry_MS). Soluble solid contents (SSC), titratable acidity, and SSC-to-titratable acidity ratio were not affected by the treatments. HDS planting resulted in higher fruit yield, irrespective of rootstock and irrigation system, representing an important advance in grapefruit production. Overall, our results demonstrated that production of grapefruit in high-density using OHS can be used by citrus growers who aim to make the best water and fertilizer management under HLB-endemic conditions.

scholarly journals ‘Ray Ruby’ Grapefruit Affected by Huanglongbing II. Planting Density, Soil, and Foliar Nutrient Management

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 1420-1432
Author(s):  
Dinesh Phuyal ◽  
Thiago Assis Rodrigues Nogueira ◽  
Arun D. Jani ◽  
Davie M. Kadyampakeni ◽  
Kelly T. Morgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
High Density ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Foliar Nutrient

Since the arrival of Huanglongbing (HLB) disease in Florida, several management approaches, including modification of orchard architecture design and nutritional therapy, have been explored. High-density plantings anticipate early economic returns from HLB-affected orchards. With no cure available for HLB, balanced nutrient application through soil and foliar spraying can mitigate the disease. A 2-year study was conducted to investigate the effects of three grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) planting densities [single-row (300 and 440 trees per ha), and double-row high-density (975 trees per ha)], two controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) blends, and foliar-applied micronutrients (FAM) (a blend of B, Mn, and Zn at 0, 1.5, 3, and 6 times the recommended rates) on grapefruit growth and fruit yield, physiological parameters, and foliar nutrient concentrations in an HLB-affected orchard. All the trees tested positive for HLB based on real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) test. The highest planting density resulted in the lowest trunk diameter and canopy volume. Despite lower yield per tree in 2019–20, 975 trees per ha planting induced the greatest fruit and solid yields per ha. Also, the fruit produced from 975 trees per ha planting tended to be acidic with the deposition of more soluble solids. Use of CRF with higher micronutrients increased canopy volume with the expense of reduced fruit number in 2019–20. FAM did not affect cycle threshold (Ct) value and tree growth parameters. Fruit yield, photosynthesis rate, and stomatal conductance (gS) decreased, and all leaf nutrient concentrations except B increased in 2019–20 with all FAM rates tested. In conclusion, our study showed that high-density planting optimizes yield under HLB-endemic conditions. In addition, supplemental soil and foliar micronutrient application do not enhance yield of HLB-affected trees over a 2-year timeframe, warranting further research for confirmation of results.

scholarly journals ‘Ray Ruby’ Grapefruit Affected by Huanglongbing I. Planting Density and Soil Nutrient Management

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 1411-1419
Author(s):  
Dinesh Phuyal ◽  
Thiago Assis Rodrigues Nogueira ◽  
Arun D. Jani ◽  
Davie M. Kadyampakeni ◽  
Kelly T. Morgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
High Density ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
Canopy Volume

Huanglongbing (HLB), or citrus greening disease, affects practically all fruit-bearing trees in commercial citrus orchards in Florida with no cure identified yet. High-density plantings and enhanced nutritional programs such as application of controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) with higher micronutrient levels can mitigate disease symptoms and extend the tree life span of sweet oranges (Citrus sinensis). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of tree planting density and application of CRF blends differing in N to K ratio and micronutrient content on grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) plant health, canopy volume, fruit yield, and fruit quality in an HLB-affected orchard. A study was conducted in Florida for two growing seasons (2017–18 and 2018–19) to evaluate the response of ‘Ray Ruby’ grapefruit on Kuharske citrange (Citrus sinensis × Poncirus trifoliata) to three planting densities (300, 440, and 975 trees per ha) and two CRF blends [12 nitrogen (N)–1.31 phosphorus (P)–7.47 potassium (K) and 16N–1.31P–16.6K] with different nutrient sources and composition. According to quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction testing, all sampled trees tested positive for Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, the pathogen associated with HLB. Trees planted at 975 trees per ha had 33% lower canopy volume per tree but 160% greater fruit yield per hectare and 190% higher yield of solids compared with 300 trees per ha. Fruit produced in high-density planting (975 trees per ha) was 18% more acidic with higher soluble solid compared with low-density planting (300 trees per ha). The use of a CRF blend with higher amounts of micronutrients along with lower K increased canopy volume in both seasons and resulted in 24% and 29% reduction in fruit yield per hectare and yield of solids, respectively, in 2017–18. Our results indicate that high-density plantings increase fruit yield per area, and regardless of the N to K ratio, the use of CRF blends supplemented with micronutrients may not increase fruit yield in HLB-affected grapefruit.

scholarly journals Performance of Plantain (Musa Paradisiaca L) Fruit Yield and Quality under Different Planting Densities and Water Application

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1237-1242
Author(s):  
Murphy Kayode M ◽  
Ozigbo Emmanuel S ◽  
Adunoye Francis O
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Black Sigatoka ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Plant Densities

The performance of plantain fruit yield and quality under different planting densities under an influence of irrigation system was investigated at International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Experiments were set up as a split plot fitted into randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Main plots are irrigation system while sub-plots are plant densities. Treatments included four plant densities (1 x 2, 2 x 2, 2 x 3, and 3 x 3 m), two irrigation systems and their combination where irrigation system was the main plot and plant density the sub-plot. Over 2,000 agbagba suckers were pared and hot–water treated, and planted during the first week of the experiment. Manure was applied at the rate of three spades full per plant for nutrient supplement; and mulching was done. Weeds were manually controlled as at when due. Plantain diseases like yellow sigatoka and black sigatoka were also controlled manually by de-leafing infected leaves to prevent disease spread. Data were collected and analyzed using ANOVA. Duncan multiple range test (DMRT) was used for mean separation at 5% level of significance. The results of ANOVA showed that there were significant effects (P < 0.05) due to irrigation application for all measured parameters whereas effects due to plant densities were significant for only these parameters; number of suckers (NOS), sucker height (SUHT), number of leaves on sucker (NLSC), bunch weight (BWT), number of hand (NHND), total number of finger (TFNG) and number of sucker at flowering (NSCK). Therefore, it can be concluded that plant spacing, and regular water supply plays a significant role in obtaining good yield in plantain production

scholarly journals DENSELY PLANTED OKRA FOR DESTRUCTIVE HARVEST

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 438a-438
Author(s):  
Yaying Wu ◽  
Brian A. Kahn ◽  
John B. Solie
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
High Density ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Mature Fruit ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Harvest Timing ◽  
Plant Arrangement ◽  
Marketable Fruit

We are developing a mechanical harvest system for okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]. Our objective was to identify a high-density (HD) plant arrangement and a harvest timing that would maximize marketable fruit yield per hectare with a destructive harvest. We compared destructively harvested plants grown at spacings of (in cm) 15 × 15, 23 × 23, and 30 × 30 with hand-harvested plants grown at 90 × 23 cm. Within HD treatments, marketable fruit weight increased inconsistently as plant density increased. The 30 × 30-cm spacing was not dense enough. Branching decreased and the position of the first marketable fruit attachment moved up as plant density increased. Delaying destructive harvest until many over-mature fruit were present often did not increase marketable fruit yield and always reduced the proportion of total harvested fruit weight due to marketable fruit. Overall, percentages of marketable yield obtained by destructive harvests of HD plants were low compared to the cumulative marketable yield from control plants. However, the labor-saving potential was high. A prototype machine for harvest of HD okra has been developed, and further testing is planned.

scholarly journals Nutrient requirement, canopy development and fruit yield of high density guava (Psidium guajava L.) production in subtropics of Northern Karnataka

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 440-444
Author(s):  
Mushtaq ◽  
A. R. Kurubar  ◽  
M. R. Umesh ◽  
Shekharagouda Patil ◽  
Ashok Hugar
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
High Density ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Nutrient Requirement ◽  
Organic Manures ◽  
Canopy Volume

Nutrient requirement for guava under high density planting is much higher than normal planting. Combined application of organic manures and chemical fertilizers will enhance nutrient use efficiency. The field experiment was carried out at Raichur, Karnataka, India during 2017 to standardize rate of fertilizers and organic manures for Guava (Psidium guajava L.)  cv. Allahabad safeda under high density planting. Treatments consists of application of fertilizers for normal planting compared with 100:40:75 g NPK/plant as recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF), 75% and 50% of high density planting (HDP) along with 25 kg farmyard manure, organic manure alone and foliar application of urea @ 1 % at 2,3 and 4 months after pruning. Results indicated that application of NPK@ 235: 118: 120 g per plant as per the RDF for HDP along with 25 kg FYM has resulted in taller plants, plant spread E-W as well as N-S directions, canopy volume and leaf area index. Higher fruits/plant, average fruit weight, fruit diameter, fruit length, fruit yield per plant and fruit yield (48.58 t ha-1) was recorded by application of NPK@ 235: 118: 120 g per plant same as that of HDP along with 25 kg FYM. Application of 50 % of HDP recommendation along with foliar application of urea @ 1% at 2, 3 and 4 months after pruning and 25 kg FYM was also found effective in achieving higher fruit yield of guava.

scholarly journals Agronomic performance of the Maciel peach with different rootstocks

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Farias Barreto ◽  
Marines Batalha Moreno Kirinus ◽  
Pricila Santos da Silva ◽  
Carina Radmann Schiavon ◽  
Cesar Valmor Rombaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Flesh Firmness ◽  
Canopy Volume

The rootstock influences the agronomic performance of fruit plants. In Prunus persica (peach), particularly those varieties produced in Brazil, this relationship is not well understood. We, therefore, set out to evaluate the performance of the peach cultivar Maciel with eight rootstocks, Aldrighi, Capdeboscq, Flordaguard, Nemaguard, Okinawa, Umezeiro, Tsukuba, and Seleção Viamão, planted in 2006 and evaluated in the 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 seasons. Phenology of flowering, trunk diameter, canopy volume, fruit number, and yield were evaluated in the field. For the fruit, we evaluated the mass, diameter, color, flesh firmness, soluble solids concentration, titratable acidity, concentration of total phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and antioxidant activity. Plants from the Aldrighi and Nemaguard rootstocks flowered earlier than plants from the other rootstocks in 2014, and in 2015, flowering was variable in all rootstocks. The cultivar Maciel on Umezeiro had low vigor, trunk diameter, and canopy volume. On Aldrighi, Capdeboscq, Flordaguard, Nemaguard, and Tsukuba this cultivar showed good production rates. The fruit color, flesh firmness, concentration of soluble solids, total phenolics, antioxidant activity, and total carotenoids were influenced by rootstock and harvest.

scholarly journals ‘Maciel’ peach tree development grafted on ‘Flordaguard’ clonal rootstock in different periods

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Aline Ramm ◽  
Márcia Wulff Schuch ◽  
Cíntia de Moraes Fagundes ◽  
Jacqueline Barcelos da Silva Silva ◽  
Roseane Maidana Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Dormant Bud ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Tree Development

The objective of this study was to compare the vegetative and productive aspects and the quality of “Maciel” peach fruits grown on ‘Flordaguard’ clonal rootstock obtained from mini-cuttings, in different grafting periods (active bud and dormant bud). The experiment was conducted in an orchard located at Centro Agropecuario de Palma, in the county of Capao Leao, by Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS (UFPel), from 2014/15 to 2015/16. The following variables related to the vegetative aspects were evaluated: canopy volume, trunk diameter, branch diameter, plant height, phenology (initial, full and final flowering) , productive aspects, estimated productivity (t.ha-1), production (kg. plant), production effectiveness, fruit diameter and physical-chemical characteristics such as firmness, color, pH, titratable total acidity, soluble solids, soluble solids/ titratable acidity relationship, antioxidant capacity, phenolic compounds and carotenoids. The most recommended grafting method for the ‘Maciel’ peach tree on ‘Flordaguard’ rootstock propagated by mini-cuttings is the active bud grafting.

scholarly journals Fruit yield and quality of Palmer mango trees under different irrigation systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. e3254
Author(s):  
Welson Lima Simões ◽  
Maria Aparecida do Carmo Mouco ◽  
Victor Pimenta Martins de Andrade ◽  
Pedro Paulo Bezerra ◽  
Eugenio Ferreira Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Yield And Quality

Mango production has been having a great economical expression in the Brazilian agriculture. However, the economic crisis and increased competitiveness of the international market required improvements in the crop efficiency for its sustainability. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different irrigation system on the physiology and fruit yield and quality of Palmer mango trees in the semiarid conditions of the Lower Middle São Francisco Valley, Brazil. The experiment was carried out at the Agranvil Farm, in Petrolina, state of Pernambuco, Brazil, with harvests in July 2013 and October 2014. A randomized block statistical design was used, with four treatments replicated in 5 blocks, during two production cycles. The treatments consisted of four irrigation systems: one micro sprinkler under the plant canopy (MSPC); drip system with two lateral lines per plant row (DSLL); one micro sprinkler between plants (MSBP); and ring-shaped drip system around the plants (RSDS). All treatments provided a flow rate of 56 L h-1 plant-1. The physiological characteristics evaluated were: photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, leaf transpiration, and leaf temperature. Fruit yield, quantity, mean weight, volume, soluble solid content, titratable acidity (TA), density, and pulp firmness were evaluated after the harvest. The evaluated treatments presented significant differences for the physiological variables. The treatment DSLL provided higher number of fruits and fruit yield, and the treatment MSBP provided the lowest results for these variables.

scholarly journals Development of ‘Maciel’ peach trees on different propagation systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Ramm ◽  
André Luiz Külkamp de Souza ◽  
Roberta Manica-Berto ◽  
Cari Rejane Fiss Timm ◽  
Márcia Wulff Schuch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Peach Trees

Abstract The development of new technologies for seedling production is essential in fruit growing. In this context, the objective was to compare vegetative and productive aspects of ‘Maciel’ peach trees and the quality of fruits from plants under different propagation systems. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with four replications, in a 2 x 3 factorial scheme, two years (2014 and 2015) and three propagation systems (self-rooted ‘Maciel’ (minicutting), ‘Maciel’ with rootstock ‘Okinawa’ (minicutting) e ‘Maciel’ with rootstock ‘Okinawa’ (seed)). The variables evaluated were canopy volume, trunk diameter, yield, productive efficiency, fruit diameter, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), SS/TA ratio, pH, pulp firmness, carotenoids, phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity. The self-rooted ‘Maciel’ peach plants, in the second year of evaluation, present higher canopy volume, trunk diameter and thus, they express higher yield and productive efficiency. Fruit quality how much soluble solids, titratable acidity, SS/TA ratio, pH and pulp firmness are not altered by different propagation systems. The use of different propagation systems over two years modifies the levels of carotenoids and phenolic compounds total and, consequently, the antioxidant capacity of the fruits of ‘Maciel’ peach plants.

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