scholarly journals Genetic Analyses of Resistance to Fusarium Basal Rot in Onion

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 538
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Straley ◽  
Jen Colcol Marzu ◽  
Michael J. Havey
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Chromosome 4 ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Basal Rot ◽  
Percentage Survival ◽  
Fusarium Basal Rot ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Genomic Regions

Fusarium basal rot (FBR) is a serious disease of onion (Allium cepa). We identified sources of FBR resistance, assessed efficacy of selection for increased resistance, and investigated its genetic control. Onion accessions were evaluated for FBR resistance, and percentage survival ranged from 0% to 78%. Survivors were intercrossed, and progenies from one cycle of selection showed increased survival by 18% to 52%. Selections were crossed to male-sterile lines, and hybrids showed specific combining ability for FBR resistance. Segregating families were produced, and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified on chromosomes 2 and 4 conditioning FBR resistance. A second QTL on chromosome 4 was identified that decreased FBR resistance. Plants from families with different genotypes across the 1.5 logarithm of odds (LOD) regions on chromosomes 2 and 4 were self-pollinated, and resulting families were evaluated for FBR survival. Genomic regions on chromosomes 2 and 4 associated with resistance were validated at p = 0.05 and 0.10, respectively. The region on chromosome 4 associated with increased susceptibility was validated at p = 0.05. These results are in agreement with previous studies reporting high heritability and specific combining ability for FBR resistance and should be useful for selection of FBR-resistant onion.

scholarly journals GENERAL AND SPECIFIC COMBINING ABILITY IN SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.) / APTITUD COMBINATORIA GENERAL Y ESPECÍFICA EN EL GIRASOL (Helianthus annuus L.) / APTITUDE À LA COMBINATION GENERAL ET SPECIFIQUE CHEZ LE TOURNESOL (Helianthus annuus L.)

Helia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (34) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Laureti ◽  
Andrea Del Gatto
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
First Year ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
East Central ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Selection For

SUMMARYA total of 245 test cross progenies obtained by crossing cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines and restorer (RHA) lines were evaluated in replicated trials in 1995 and 1997. Experiments were carried out in two locations (Osimo, East Central Italy and Budrio, Northern Italy) in 1995, whereas in 1997 trials were conducted only in Osimo. General combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) of the parents was evaluated to identify genotypes suitable to be used as testers for breeding programs and to verify the performance of hybrids. The results obtained in 1995 were used to make test crosses in 1996 to be evaluated in 1997. The GCA and SCA of RHA and CMS lines were nearly always significant for all the studied traits when lines were randomly taken in 1995. When selected testers were used on the basis of the results of the first year, the SCA of new RHA lines and GCA of new CMS lines were not significant for achene yield, but they were for the other traits.The best GCA estimates for RHA were often higher than those of CMS, indicating that selection for RHA could be more useful than for CMS. As expected, GCA was always lower than SCA. CMS and RHA, with high variance among their test crosses for yield and many other traits, could be used as testers. The lack of a tester with high variance in all traits requires more than one tester in evaluating lines. The GCA of a line can change in function of the germplasm with which it is combined.

scholarly journals General and Specific Combining Ability Estimates for Morphological, Yield and its Attributes and Seed Traits in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-135
Author(s):  
Muhammad Jurial Baloch ◽  
Muhammad Siddique Depar ◽  
Qumar-Uddin Chacher
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Dominant Genes ◽  
Additive Genes ◽  
Selection Of

The improvement in sunflower breeding requires exploitation of combining ability of divergent male and female inbreds. Six cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines and three testers were crossed in line ´ tester  design, thus 18 F1 hybrids were developed for evaluation of  general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) of inbred parents for days to 90% maturity, stem girth, head size, achenes/plant, 1000-seed weight, achene yield kg/ha, oil and  protein%. The significant variances due to lines and testers both determined GCA variances revealed the predominance of additive genes whilst significance of lines ´ tester interactions indicated the importance of SCA variances and the involvement of non-additive genes in the expression of traits studied. The foremost role of non-additive genes was apparent when ratio s2 SCA/s2GCA was above 1.0. These results suggested the prevalence of dominant genes and possibility of hybrid crop development. The GCA effects indicated that CMS parents SF-187, 64-A-93 and ARG-0405 and tester RHP-46 were high general combiners, thus may be chosen for crossing  and  selection programmes, whereas F1 hybrids SF-187 ´ RHP-46, 64-A-93 ´ RHP-46, PAC-ARG-0405   PAC-ARG-0106, 64-A-93 ´ RHP-46 and PSF-025 ´ RHP-64 which used parents with good ´ good and good ´ poor GCA estimates revealed higher positive SCA estimates for achene yield, oil and protein traits yet manifested desirable negative effects for 90% maturity. Such results suggested that these hybrids are desirable for the exploitation of hybrid crop development or selection of desirable plants from earlier filial generations.

scholarly journals Combining Ability, Heterosis and Gene Action for Grain Yield and Its Related Traits of Some WA-CMS with Tester Lines of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 102-123
Author(s):  
M. I. Abo- Yousef ◽  
W. F. Ghidan ◽  
I. A. Talha ◽  
A. B. Elsehely ◽  
Dalia M. Tabl
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Parental Line ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Additive Genetic Effects

An understanding the nature and relative extent of gene actions and combining ability is useful for a breeder to develop superior rice hybrids. In this association, an attempt was made to identify good general and specific combiners for selecting better parents and better cross combinations for developing high yielding and short duration rice hybrids. Four cytoplasmic male sterile lines viz., IR69625A, IR70368A, IR58025A and IR79575A were crossed with ten elite testers, 40 hybrids along with their fourteen parents were evaluated for grain yield and its related traits at the experimental farm of Rice Research and Training Center, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt, during the rice-growing seasons of 2018 and 2019. The differences among genotypes, parents and crosses were highly significant for all studied traits. The specific combining ability (SCA) played the major role in determining inheritance traits, revealing that the largest part of the total genetic variability associated with most traits was a result of non-additive gene action. The parental line, IR58025A was demonstrated as a great general combiner for grain yield per plant and most of yield components and therefore could be utilized in future breeding programs to improve grain yield. HHZ12-SAL8-Y1-SAL1, HHZ5-Y7-Y2-SUB1 and HUA564 were seen as a good general combiner among testers for grain yield per plant and some studied traits. Four crosses, namely IR58025A / HHZ8-SAL9-DT2-Y2, IR70368A / WEED TOLERANT RICE1, IR70368A / HHZ12-SAL8-Y1-SAL1 and IR70368A / HHZ5-Y7-Y2-SUB1 exhibited significantly good specific combining ability effects for grain yield per plant. Hence, it can be seen that non-additive genetic effects are controlling the inheritance of the studied traits and indicated that selection for the traits inherited with this manner should be performed in the further generations.

Expected efficiencies of mating designs for advanced-generation selection

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1648-1663 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. van Buijtenen ◽  
R. D. Burdon
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Single Pair ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Individual Offspring ◽  
Type Variable ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Design Type ◽  
Limiting Case

Expected efficiencies of regular hierarchical, factorial, and diallel crossing designs were compared for selection of individual offspring within progeny plantings. Variations of the diallels and factorials included partial designs, use of disconnected subsets, and in factorials, unbalanced numbers between classes of parent. Calculations were done for a single trait, adapting the within- and between-family selection index of Osborne, with fixed numbers of parents (100) and total offspring (10 000). For each design type, variable numbers of crosses per parent and variable genetic parameters (heritability and level of specific combining ability) were considered. A combination of polycross and pair-cross designs was also evaluated, with alternative assumptions concerning nongenetic variance within pair-cross plantings and the number of trees that could be planted per pair cross with fixed resources. Estimated efficiencies of different designs are considered in relation to total crosses per parent, with an illustration of the contribution of different effects. Hierarchical crosses were generally inefficient, except near the limiting case of single-pair crosses; though with large specific combining ability effects, there was an efficiency optimum with several females (common parents) per male (rare parents). Polycrosses were always markedly suboptimal. Among other types of designs, efficiencies were almost identical, except with only a few crosses per parent. In that case, partial designs tended to be marginally less efficient than complete ones and diallels were marginally behind factorials. Disconnection had very little effect, provided sets could be cross-referenced. Moderate imbalance in factorials had little impact on the expected additive genetic gain. Single-pair crosses showed a slight but definite optimum, unless specific combining ability was appreciable. The combination of designs was favored by relatively large specific combining ability effects, high heritability, and cost reductions per tree in planting unreplicated pair-cross family blocks. It is potentially efficient.

scholarly journals 057 Hybrid Performance of Male-sterile and Pollinator Inbred Onion Lines

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 398B-398
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Cramer ◽  
Jose L. Mendoza ◽  
Joe N. Corgan
Keyword(s):  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Basal Rot ◽  
Fusarium Basal Rot ◽  
Hybrid Lines ◽  
Root Resistance ◽  
Current Emphasis

Current emphasis of onion breeding programs has been to develop male-sterile, maintainer, and pollinator inbred lines for the production of hybrid cultivars. Five short-day, male-sterile inbred lines from the New Mexico State Univ. Onion Breeding Program were crossed to four short-day, pollinator inbred lines in all possible combinations. In addition, six intermediate-day male-sterile inbred lines were crossed with seven intermediate-day, pollinator inbred lines in all possible combinations. The resulting hybrid lines from all crosses were evaluated for maturity, bolting resistance, pink root resistance, Fusarium basal rot resistance, percentage of marketable bulbs, marketable yield, average bulb weight, and percentage of bulbs with single centers. The average performance among male-sterile and among pollinator lines within each group was determined by averaging over hybrid lines that pertained to the respective male-sterile or pollinator line. Among the short-day inbred lines, NMSU 97-28-2 and NMSU 97-109-2 as female parents produced the best hybrid lines, while NMSU 96-17-1 and NMSU 96-51-1 as male parents produced the best hybrid lines. The best hybrid combinations among the short-day parents were NMSU 97-28-2 × 96-17-1 and 97-46-2 × 96-51-1. Among the intermediate-day inbred lines, NMSU 96-196-2 and 96-300-2 as female parents produced the best hybrid lines, while NMSU 96-280-1, NMSU 96-274-1 and 96-395-1 as male parents produced the best hybrid lines. Some of the best intermediate-day hybrid combinations included NMSU 96-300-2 × 96-335-1 and NMSU 96-300-2 × 96-274-1.

scholarly journals Fusarium basal rot: profile of an increasingly important disease in Allium spp.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dung Le ◽  
Kris Audenaert ◽  
Geert Haesaert
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Basal Rot ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
Fusarium Basal Rot ◽  
Chemical Pesticides ◽  
Important Disease

AbstractFusarium basal rot (FBR) is a soil-borne disease that affects Allium species worldwide. Although FBR has long been recognized as a major constraint to the production of economically important Allium species, information that could support disease management remains scattered. In this review, the current knowledge on the causal agents, symptomology and epidemiology, impact, and management strategies of FBR is synthesized. We highlight that FPR is associated with different complexes of several Fusarium species, of which Fusarium oxysporum and F. proliferatum are the most prevalent. These pathogenic complexes vary in composition and virulence, depending on sites and hosts, which can be challenging for disease management. Research to improve disease management using chemical pesticides, resistance cultivars, biocontrol agents, and cultural practices has achieved both promising results and limitations. Finally, research needs and future directions are proposed for the development of effective FBR management strategies.

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