scholarly journals General and Specific Combining Ability Estimates for Morphological, Yield and its Attributes and Seed Traits in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-135
Author(s):  
Muhammad Jurial Baloch ◽  
Muhammad Siddique Depar ◽  
Qumar-Uddin Chacher
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Dominant Genes ◽  
Additive Genes ◽  
Selection Of

The improvement in sunflower breeding requires exploitation of combining ability of divergent male and female inbreds. Six cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines and three testers were crossed in line ´ tester  design, thus 18 F1 hybrids were developed for evaluation of  general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) of inbred parents for days to 90% maturity, stem girth, head size, achenes/plant, 1000-seed weight, achene yield kg/ha, oil and  protein%. The significant variances due to lines and testers both determined GCA variances revealed the predominance of additive genes whilst significance of lines ´ tester interactions indicated the importance of SCA variances and the involvement of non-additive genes in the expression of traits studied. The foremost role of non-additive genes was apparent when ratio s2 SCA/s2GCA was above 1.0. These results suggested the prevalence of dominant genes and possibility of hybrid crop development. The GCA effects indicated that CMS parents SF-187, 64-A-93 and ARG-0405 and tester RHP-46 were high general combiners, thus may be chosen for crossing  and  selection programmes, whereas F1 hybrids SF-187 ´ RHP-46, 64-A-93 ´ RHP-46, PAC-ARG-0405   PAC-ARG-0106, 64-A-93 ´ RHP-46 and PSF-025 ´ RHP-64 which used parents with good ´ good and good ´ poor GCA estimates revealed higher positive SCA estimates for achene yield, oil and protein traits yet manifested desirable negative effects for 90% maturity. Such results suggested that these hybrids are desirable for the exploitation of hybrid crop development or selection of desirable plants from earlier filial generations.

scholarly journals Efficient Method of Choosing Potential Parents and Hybrids: Line  Tester Analysis of Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-121
Author(s):  
Muhammad Jurial Baloch ◽  
Inayat Ali Mallano ◽  
Abdul Wahid Baloch ◽  
Wajid Ali Jatoi ◽  
Nasreen Fatima Veesar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Ability Estimates ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Seed Index ◽  
Additive Genes

The study was conducted to estimate the general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) of wheat genotypes crossed in a line ´ tester fashion. The mean squares due to F1 hybrids, female lines, male testers/pollinators and lines ´ tester interaction were significant for majority of the characters studied. The significance of GCA and SCA variances thus suggested that both additive and non- additive genes were controlling majority of the characters, yet additive genes were more prominent because variances due to GCA by and large were higher than due to SCA. Among the three female lines evaluated, Khirman displayed maximum positive GCA effects for spike length (0.08) and seeds/spike (0.67), while other female lines which showed maximum positive GCA effects were Mehran for plant height (3.05), number of tillers/plant (1.00), spikelets/spike (1.92) and seed index (3.42) and Kiran for seeds/spike (0.67) and yield/plant (1.86). From the male testers, TD-1 exhibited greater GCA effects for number of tillers/plant (2.96), spikelets/spike (0.25), seed index (0.61) and yield/plant (2.22), whereas, Marvi displayed highest positive GCA effects for plant height (2.88), spike length (0.37) and seeds/spike (6.41). The specific combining ability estimates indicated, if hybrid crop development is feasible then, crosses Mehran ´ TD-1 for spike length; Kiran ´ TD-1 for plant height and seeds/spike and Khirman ´ Marvi for number of tillers/plant, spikelets/spike, seed index and yield/plant may be the hybrids of choice.

scholarly journals GENERAL AND SPECIFIC COMBINING ABILITY IN SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.) / APTITUD COMBINATORIA GENERAL Y ESPECÍFICA EN EL GIRASOL (Helianthus annuus L.) / APTITUDE À LA COMBINATION GENERAL ET SPECIFIQUE CHEZ LE TOURNESOL (Helianthus annuus L.)

Helia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (34) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Laureti ◽  
Andrea Del Gatto
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
First Year ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
East Central ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Selection For

SUMMARYA total of 245 test cross progenies obtained by crossing cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines and restorer (RHA) lines were evaluated in replicated trials in 1995 and 1997. Experiments were carried out in two locations (Osimo, East Central Italy and Budrio, Northern Italy) in 1995, whereas in 1997 trials were conducted only in Osimo. General combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) of the parents was evaluated to identify genotypes suitable to be used as testers for breeding programs and to verify the performance of hybrids. The results obtained in 1995 were used to make test crosses in 1996 to be evaluated in 1997. The GCA and SCA of RHA and CMS lines were nearly always significant for all the studied traits when lines were randomly taken in 1995. When selected testers were used on the basis of the results of the first year, the SCA of new RHA lines and GCA of new CMS lines were not significant for achene yield, but they were for the other traits.The best GCA estimates for RHA were often higher than those of CMS, indicating that selection for RHA could be more useful than for CMS. As expected, GCA was always lower than SCA. CMS and RHA, with high variance among their test crosses for yield and many other traits, could be used as testers. The lack of a tester with high variance in all traits requires more than one tester in evaluating lines. The GCA of a line can change in function of the germplasm with which it is combined.

scholarly journals Inheritance of plant height, spike length and number of spikelets per spike in Durum wheat

2007 ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biljana Gorjanovic ◽  
Marija Kraljevic-Balalic
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
First Year ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Additive Genes

Using the line x tester analysis we studied the combining ability and gene effects of plant height, spike length and number of spikelets per spike in durum wheat. The results of the study show that non-additive genes play more important role than additive genes in the inheritance of plant height, number of spikelets per spike in both years and in inheritance of spike length only in the first year of research. Variety Belfugito, the best general combiner for plant height and number of spikelets per spike, combined well in two best hybrids: Belfugito x Alifen and Belfugito x Yavaros 79, and these hybrids may be used in wheat breeding programs. In the majority of the cases, good specific combining ability (SCA) effects were associated with crosses of two genetically divergent parents having at least one parent as a good general combiner.

scholarly journals Influence of different types of sterile cytoplasms (A3, A4, 9E) on the combining ability of CMS lines of sorghum

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 549-556
Author(s):  
O. P. Kibalnik ◽  
L. A. Elkonin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Thermal Coefficient ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Dry Seasons

Investigation of the effect of the cytoplasm on the combining ability (CA) of lines with cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is of considerable interest in terms of understanding the genetic functions of the cytoplasm and for practical purposes to create hybrids with improved economically valuable traits. In order to investigate the effect of different types of sterile cytoplasm (A3, A4, 9E) on CA in sorghum, we studied the manifestation of a number of biological and agronomic traits in 54 F1 hybrid combinations obtained using iso-nuclear CMS lines with the nuclear genome of the line Zheltozernoye 10, differing only in the types of sterile cytoplasm (A3, A4 and 9E). Eighteen varieties and lines of grain sorghum developed at the Russian Research and Project-technological Institute of Sorghum and Maize were used as paternal parents. The CA was determined by the topcross method. F1 hybrids and their parents were grown in 2015–2017 in conditions of insufficient (2015–2016: HTC (hydro-thermal coefficient) = 0.32–0.66), or good water availability conditions (2017: HTC = 1.00). On average, for three years of testing, a positive effect of the 9E cytoplasm on the general combining ability (GCA) (0.63) and negative effects of the A3 and A4 cytoplasms (–0.32 and –0.31) for the inflorescence length were noted. In dry seasons, significant positive effects of the 9E cytoplasm on GCA for the length of the largest leaf, and positive effects of the A3 cytoplasm on GCA for the plant height, and negative effects of the A4 cytoplasm on GCA for these traits were observed. No differences were observed during the wet season. The type of CMS did not affect the GCA for the width of the largest leaf and grain yield. The dispersion of specific combining ability (SCA) in the dry seasons was significant for the following traits: leaf length, plant height, panicle length and width, and grain yield, the 9E cytoplasm had the highest SCA dispersion, whereas the A4 cytoplasm had the smallest one. The data obtained indicate that different types of sterile cytoplasm of sorghum make a different contribution to CA under conditions of drought stress.

scholarly journals Genetic Analyses of Resistance to Fusarium Basal Rot in Onion

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 538
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Straley ◽  
Jen Colcol Marzu ◽  
Michael J. Havey
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Chromosome 4 ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Basal Rot ◽  
Percentage Survival ◽  
Fusarium Basal Rot ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Genomic Regions

Fusarium basal rot (FBR) is a serious disease of onion (Allium cepa). We identified sources of FBR resistance, assessed efficacy of selection for increased resistance, and investigated its genetic control. Onion accessions were evaluated for FBR resistance, and percentage survival ranged from 0% to 78%. Survivors were intercrossed, and progenies from one cycle of selection showed increased survival by 18% to 52%. Selections were crossed to male-sterile lines, and hybrids showed specific combining ability for FBR resistance. Segregating families were produced, and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified on chromosomes 2 and 4 conditioning FBR resistance. A second QTL on chromosome 4 was identified that decreased FBR resistance. Plants from families with different genotypes across the 1.5 logarithm of odds (LOD) regions on chromosomes 2 and 4 were self-pollinated, and resulting families were evaluated for FBR survival. Genomic regions on chromosomes 2 and 4 associated with resistance were validated at p = 0.05 and 0.10, respectively. The region on chromosome 4 associated with increased susceptibility was validated at p = 0.05. These results are in agreement with previous studies reporting high heritability and specific combining ability for FBR resistance and should be useful for selection of FBR-resistant onion.

scholarly journals Optimization of the Process of Selection of Software in the Organization

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Lukyanenko
Keyword(s):  
Digital Economy ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
External Agents ◽  
Management Decision Making ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Selection Of

The scientific article explores the role of software as a tool used by organizations to carry out economic activities in a digital economy without which it is impossible to have adequate competitiveness in a digital economy. The concept of “digital economy” has been clarified. A methodology has been developed to evaluate the effectiveness of the software used or selected on the basis of its qualitative and quantitative characteristics and the requirements of the workplace for the software functionality. Based on the theoretical and methodological base and the developed methodology, a scalable model of an effective management decision-making process for selecting and updating software in an organization is built, a comparison with existing practice is carried out. The significance of the research results is due to the lack of widely available methods in open access for the optimal selection of software as a tool, not related to involving external agents in the process and having the necessary scalability to use them, including collective, in organizations. This creates negative effects for organizations and the economy of the Republic of Belarus as a whole.

scholarly journals Study of heterosis and combining ability for earliness and vegetative traits in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 999-1005
Author(s):  
Rajni Tiwari ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Female Flower ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Vegetative Traits ◽  
Significant Yield

The present investigation was undertaken to investigate the extent of heterosis and combining ability on earliness, vegetative traits and yield of Cucumber. A field experiment was designed in line x tester mating design with 11 parents (including 8 parthenocarpic lines namely Pant parthenocarpic cucumber-2, Pant parthenocarpic cucumber-3, Nun-3139, Nun-3121, Nun-3141, Infifnity, Isatis, Kian, and 3 monoecious testers namely PCUC-8, PCUC-15, Pant Kheera -1 {also known as PCUC-28}) and their 24 F1 hybrids to work out the heterosis and combining ability for earliness and yield characters. All traits pertinent to earliness and yield showed significant values for heterosis and combining ability. Appreciable heterosis in desirable direction was found over better parent and check parent by the cross PCUCP-3 x PCUC-15 for earliness characters viz. days to first female flower (-71.18 & -70.31), days to first harvest (-3.40 & -22.01) whereas Cross Kian x PCUC-15 showed maximum number of fruits per plant (8.36 & 106.35) and fruit yield (86.34 & 210.74 respectively). The crosses PCUCP-3 x PCUC-15 and Nun-3139 x PCUC-8 showed significant specific combining ability for earliness and yield characters. Cross Nun-3139 x PCUC-8 showed significant yield regarding heterosis and SCA. Regarding general combining ability for earliness parent Isatis and for yield characters parent Kian stood in top. Cross Nun-3139 x PCUC-8 showed Maximum specific combining ability for node number to first female flower (-0.98), number of fruits per plant (3.39) and fruit yield (220.57).

General and specific combining ability in the selection of polliniser cultivars of hybrid pear trees (Pyrus communis x P. pyrifolia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 277 ◽  
pp. 109797
Author(s):  
Rayane Barcelos Bisi ◽  
Rafael Pio ◽  
Guilherme Locatelli ◽  
Daniela da Hora Farias ◽  
Flávia Barbosa Barbosa Silva Botelho
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Pyrus Communis ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Pear Trees ◽  
Selection Of

Genetics of Graft Rejection in Douglas-fir

1974 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L. Copes
Keyword(s):  
Graft Rejection ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Graft Incompatibility ◽  
Additive Genes

Graft rejection in Douglas-fir was controlled primarily by additive genes. Heritability of graft incompatibility was 0.81. No significance for specific combining ability was found. A breeding program to develop highly compatible stocks should enable tree improvement workers to substantially reduce incompatibility losses within clonal orchards. Highly incompatible clones may have different or additional rejection factors which less incompatible clones do not exhibit.

scholarly journals Diallel analysis in white oat cultivars subjected to water stress

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Ribeiro ◽  
Gustavo da Silveira ◽  
Maraisa Crestani ◽  
Rafael Nornberg ◽  
Henrique de Souza Luche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Superior Genotypes ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Panicle Weight

The goal of this work was to determine the combining ability of three white oat parental genotypes (UPF 18, URS21 and URS 22) and to estimate the heterosis of F1 hybrids in two conditions, with and without water stress. The results indicate a large effect of the environment on the evaluated characters (cycle, leaf area, plant stature, grain yield per plant, main panicle weight and number of grains of the main panicle). The condition without stress was the most efficient for the selection of superior genotypes. Based on the general and specific combining ability, the cultivar URS 22 was shown to be indicated for cycle and stature reduction, while UPF 18 lead to increases in leaf area, main panicle weight and number of grains of the main panicle. The specific cross URS 22 x URS 21 was the best for the selection of superior genotypes.

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