scholarly journals Permafrost Hydrology Research Domain: Process-Based Adjustment

Hydrology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Nikita Tananaev ◽  
Roman Teisserenc ◽  
Matvey Debolskiy
Keyword(s):  
Active Layer ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Surface Dynamics ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Research Domain ◽  
Permafrost Regions

Permafrost hydrology is an emerging discipline, attracting increasing attention as the Arctic region is undergoing rapid change. However, the research domain of this discipline had never been explicitly formulated. Both ‘permafrost’ and ‘hydrology’ yield differing meanings across languages and scientific domains; hence, ‘permafrost hydrology’ serves as an example of cognitive linguistic relativity. From this point of view, the English and Russian usages of this term are explained. The differing views of permafrost as either an ecosystem class or a geographical region, and hydrology as a discipline concerned with either landscapes or generic water bodies, maintain a language-specific touch of the research in this field. Responding to a current lack of a unified approach, we propose a universal process-based definition of permafrost hydrology, based on a specific process assemblage, specific to permafrost regions and including: (1) Unconfined groundwater surface dynamics related to the active layer development; (2) water migration in the soil matrix, driven by phase transitions in the freezing active layer; and (3) transient water storage in both surface and subsurface compartments, redistributing runoff on various time scales. This definition fills the gap in existing scientific vocabulary. Other definitions from the field are revisited and discussed. The future of permafrost hydrology research is discussed, where the most important results would emerge at the interface between permafrost hydrology, periglacial geomorphology, and geocryology.

scholarly journals Permafrost Hydrology Research Domain: Process-Based Adjustment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita Tananaev ◽  
Roman Teisserenc ◽  
Matvey Debolskiy
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Change ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Linguistic Relativity ◽  
Water Migration ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Research Domain ◽  
The Arctic Region

Permafrost hydrology is an emerging discipline, attracting increasing attention as the Arctic region is undergoing rapid change. However, the research domain of this discipline had never been explicitly formulated. Both 'permafrost' and 'hydrology' yield differing meanings across languages and scientific domains, hence 'permafrost hydrology' serves as an example of linguistic relativity. The differing views of permafrost as either an ecosystem class or a geographical region, and hydrology as a discipline concerned with either landscapes or generic water bodies, maintain a language-specific touch in the definition of permafrost hydrology. From this point of view, the English and Russian usage of this term is explained. A universal process-based definition is further proposed, developed on a specific process assemblage, including (i) water table dynamics caused by migration of an upper aquitard through freeze–thaw processes; (ii) water migration in soil matrix, driven by phase transitions in the active layer; (iii) transient water storage in solid state in the subsurface compartment. This definition is shown to fill the niche in existing vocabulary, and other definitions from northern hydrology field are revisited.

scholarly journals The influence of climate and hydrological variables on opposite anomaly in active-layer thickness between Eurasian and North American watersheds

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 631-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Park ◽  
J. Walsh ◽  
A. N. Fedorov ◽  
A. B. Sherstiukov ◽  
Y. Iijima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Active Layer ◽  
North American ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Snow Depth ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Active Layer Thickness ◽  
Hydrological Variables ◽  
Permafrost Regions

Abstract. This study not only examined the spatiotemporal variations of active-layer thickness (ALT) in permafrost regions during 1948–2006 over the terrestrial Arctic regions experiencing climate changes, but also identified the associated drivers based on observational data and a simulation conducted by a land surface model (CHANGE). The focus on the ALT extends previous studies that have emphasized ground temperatures in permafrost regions. The Ob, Yenisey, Lena, Yukon, and Mackenzie watersheds are foci of the study. Time series of ALT in Eurasian watersheds showed generally increasing trends, while the increase in ALT in North American watersheds was not significant. However, ALT in the North American watersheds has been negatively anomalous since 1990 when the Arctic air temperature entered into a warming phase. The warming temperatures were not simply expressed to increases in ALT. Since 1990 when the warming increased, the forcing of the ALT by the higher annual thawing index (ATI) in the Mackenzie and Yukon basins has been offset by the combined effects of less insulation caused by thinner snow depth and drier soil during summer. In contrast, the increasing ATI together with thicker snow depth and higher summer soil moisture in the Lena contributed to the increase in ALT. The results imply that the soil thermal and moisture regimes formed in the pre-thaw season(s) provide memory that manifests itself during the summer. The different ALT anomalies between Eurasian and North American watersheds highlight increased importance of the variability of hydrological variables.

Galois Involutions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard M¨uhlherr ◽  
Holger P. Petersson ◽  
Richard M. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Points ◽  
Polar Region ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Spherical Building ◽  
Linear Automorphism ◽  
Moufang Condition ◽  
Coxeter Diagram ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Arctic Region

This chapter focuses on the fixed points of a strictly semi-linear automorphism of order 2 of a spherical building which satisfies the conditions laid out in Hypothesis 30.1. It begins with the fhe definition of a spherical building satisfying the Moufang condition and a Galois involution of Δ‎, described as an automorphism of Δ‎ of order 2 that is strictly semi-linear. It can be recalled that Δ‎ can have a non-type-preserving semi-linear automorphism only if its Coxeter diagram is simply laced. The chapter assumes that the building Δ‎ being discussed is as in 30.1 and that τ‎ is a Galois involution of Δ‎. It also considers the notation stating that the polar region of a root α‎ of Δ‎ is the unique residue of Δ‎ containing the arctic region of α‎.

The Arctic has warmed four times faster than the globe since 1980

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mika Rantanen ◽  
Alexey Karpechko ◽  
Antti Lipponen ◽  
Kalle Nordling ◽  
Otto Hyvärinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Models ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Amplification ◽  
Ice Melt ◽  
Precise Quantification ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Simple Definition ◽  
The Arctic Region

Abstract In recent decades, the warming in the Arctic has been much faster than in the rest of the world, a phenomenon known as Arctic amplification (AA). Numerous studies report that Arctic is warming either twice, more than twice, or even three times as fast as the globe on average. However, the lack of consensus of AA definition precludes its precise quantification. Here we show, by using several observational datasets which cover the Arctic region and adopting a simple definition of AA, that during the last 40 years the Arctic has been warming almost four times faster than the globe as a whole, which is a higher ratio than generally reported in literature. Furthermore, we compared the observed AA ratio to the ratio simulated by state-of-the-art climate models, and show that the models largely underestimate the present AA, a finding that is not very sensitive to the exact definition of AA. The underestimation of AA by climate models most likely results from their inability to realistically simulate feedback mechanisms between sea ice melt and atmospheric temperatures. Our results imply that the underestimated AA leads to biased projections of climate change both in the Arctic and mid-latitudes.

Man and the Arctic Environment: Parameters of Reciprocal Influence

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 955
Author(s):  
Marina L. BELONOZHKO ◽  
Oleg M. BARBAKOV ◽  
Lyudmila K. GABISHEVA
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Anthropogenic Effect ◽  
Arctic Environment ◽  
Reciprocal Influence ◽  
Environmental Development ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Arctic Region

The paper deals with the analysis of specific parameters of reciprocal influence between man and the Arctic environment, the formulation of the theoretic provisions, as well as the development of the scientific conclusions regarding the definition of the perspectives and peculiarities of the Arctic Region environmental development under conditions of globalization and the world environmental crisis. As the results of the conducted research, the authors revealed and generalized the scientific approaches towards the definition of the legal status of the Arctic; stated the legal contents and the meaning of the basic environmental standards and programs of the international legislation regarding the Arctic Region; considered the spheres of influence of the states on the Arctic territory and on the environmental situation of this region in general; characterized the environmental conditions for living of the Arctic population; and defined the nature of the adverse anthropogenic effect on the environment of the investigated region. The analysis of the literature helped to formulate the theoretical conclusions, to develop the practical recommendations and to forecast the long-run perspectives and peculiarities of the Arctic environmental development. It is substantiated that the reciprocal influence between man and the environment in the territory of the Arctic Region moves towards a qualitatively new stage, which forces the states to adopt the strategical decisions in the sphere of the reclamation of the Arctic Region only considering the preservation of the ecosystem, provision of the proper living quality of the Arctic population, as well as the environmentalization of all the kinds of economic activities in the region. The paper contains the scientific substantiation and proposes the development of the Concept of Sustainable Development and Preservation of the Ecosystem for the Arctic Region, which will also include the monitoring system for the condition of the Arctic.

Conservation of Arctic fauna and its habitats

Polar Record ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 17 (108) ◽  
pp. 237-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Curry-Lindahl
Keyword(s):  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Southern Limit ◽  
Mountain Chain ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Arctic Region ◽  
Arctic Fauna

In reviewing the conservation of Arctic fauna, it may be useful to describe what is meant, geographically and ecologically, by the word Arctic, as it is used here. Geographical boundaries are not often the same as ecological boundaries, and the Arctic Circle itself has no zoogeographical significance. Permanently ice-covered land and treeless lands with permanently frozen subsoil in the Northern Hemisphere would be included in any definition of the Arctic region, and in northern countries the timber line constitutes a satisfactory southern limit for the region in question. In mountains, it is altitude rather than latitude that gives an Arctic character to climate and landscape, as in the Urals, the mountain chain of Scandinavia (south to 59°N) and eastern Siberia, and the Rocky Mountains of North America.

scholarly journals Managing of the Arctic Development: Financial Support  of the Region and the Criteria Choice for Evaluating  the Effectiveness of Investment Projects

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-77
Author(s):  
V.  A. Tsvetkov ◽  
M.  N. Dudin ◽  
D. A. Еrmilina
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Arctic Region

The article highlights the current problems of financial support for investment projects for the development of the Arctic. There is one of the most important factors in the implementation of such projects significant for the national economy should be a focus on the systematic development of the Arctic territories and the optimal development of its scientific and industrial potential. The full-scale implementation of such projects will provide a cargo flow increase across the Northern Sea route, that will affect positively on strategic positions of the russian economy, have being possessed one more perspective transit transport corridor. A research purpose is comprehensive study of the existing and perspective investment projects of the Arctic region development, to working-out on recommendations about the priority projects selection and assessment of their efficiency. The analysis of various federal programs and initiatives of the executive power of the Arctic shows the efficiency evaluation of investment projects of the region development and their selection should be based on indicators as commercial and budgetary, as well as the socio-economic efficiency of each project. Evaluation of each type of efficiency involves the use of a number of indicators from which the authors single out the most significant. Besides, the selection of the development investment projects of the Arctic region should consider the following criteria: coordination of project parameters, their consistency with the priorities of the Arctic state policy; specification of deadlines, amounts of funding, resources support and the presence of targeting in each project; definition of the target results of the project providing for the special (basic) zones formation in the Arctic development. Such approach provides a comprehensive assessment of each project from the point of feasibility view of implementing and obtaining the required results, which is going to be expressed in the sustainable scientific, industrial, economic and technological development of the russian Arctic. It is revealed that the assessment of the effectiveness of projects for the development of the Arctic region should be based on a set of indicators of commercial, socio-economic and budgetary efficiency. regulatory base assessment: methodological documents approved by the federal executive authorities, taking into account the peculiarities of the implementation of infrastructure projects based on various forms of public-private partnership. The stated above application assessment criteria for each individual Arctic project will allow optimal allocation of budget funding in the context of a shortage of public finances.

scholarly journals Doctrine on Food Security of Russia: Socio-Economic and Socio-Biological Aspects of Its Implementation in the Arctic

2021 ◽  
pp. 212-222
Author(s):  
Georgiy G. SUKHANOV ◽  
◽  
Sergey G. SUKHANOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Food Market ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
Definition Of

The article considers socio-economic and socio-biological aspects of the Russian Food Security Doctrine, approved on January 21, 2020. The need to monitor Russia's food security is due to significant changes in “the country's socio-economic development, the emergence of new risks and threats to food security caused by economic sanctions imposed in 2014 by a number of Western countries against our country, the openness of the national food market” in connection with the accession to the World Trade Organization, and the deepening integration within the EAEU. The article examines modern approaches to the definition of state food security. Certain provisions of the Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation are assessed, the analysis of food security in Russia in terms of self-sufficiency, economic and physical availability of food was carried out on the basis of statistical data. Food security in Russia has been achieved for the main items of food products, which is confirmed by the results of the analysis performed. A similar positive trend in the development of our country is confirmed by the estimates of foreign researchers based on the results of the Global Food Security Index monitoring. A comparative analysis of the diet of the population of Russia and the Arkhangelsk and Murmansk Oblasts is given. The work focuses on socio-biological risk factors for food security in the Arctic region of Russia.

Security Perspectives in the Arctic Region: From Competition to Cooperation or Confrontation?

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
Florian Răpan ◽  
Daniela Răpan ◽  
Ivona Stoica
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
New Space ◽  
The Arctic Region

AbstractIn the last decade, following the climate and environmental changes, the geopolitical and strategic importance of the Arctic Region has grown substantially. Global warming has rendered it more and more accessible from the economic, energetic, commercial and even touristic point of view, but on the other hand, this fact also represents a concern for some global, regional or state actors. Warming in the region has created a new space, important from the point of view natural resources, but a non-governed space, which a series of governments are willing to attribute to themselves. The situation tends to complicate because of territorial disputes, the activity and military presence in the Arctic region have grown, generating a more and more complex competition and rivalry, however this state does not necessarily suggest an imminent conflict. On the other hand, at present, the region does not have a security architecture generating a cooperation dynamics. The paper proposes a synthetic analysis and a prognosis on the possibilities of confrontation in the region, based on geopolitical, economic, military and non-military interests of the actors in the Arctic space in global context, using elements of PMESII matrix.

Soviet terms for the north of the USSR

Polar Record ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 10 (69) ◽  
pp. 609-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Tree Line ◽  
Precise Meaning ◽  
The North ◽  
Soviet Literature ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Extreme North ◽  
The Arctic Region

There has for long been discussion among Soviet geographers on the definition of various terms in Soviet usage to indicate the northern part of the USSR. Some of these terms—“the Arctic” [Arktika], “the Arctic region” [arkticheskaya oblast'], “the sub-Arctic” [subarktika], “the polar regions” [Zapolyar'ye]—are normally used to denote areas defined according to physical criteria. Such criteria are similar to those usually applied outside the USSR, such as the “10° C. July isotherm”, the “tree line”, or the “limit of continuous permafrost”, and, again as in the non-Soviet world, the terms have no generally accepted precise meaning and must be defined by each user. But in addition to these terms for natural regions, there are certain terms in predominantly economic and administrative usage: “the north” [sever], “the far north” [dal'niy sever], “the extreme north” [krayniy sever], “the northern marches” [severnyye okrainy], and “the Soviet north” [sovetskiy sever]. Some explanation of their current connotations may be helpful to those studying Soviet literature.

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