scholarly journals Quantifying Streambed Dispersion in an Alluvial Fan Facing the Northern Italian Apennines: Implications for Groundwater Management of Vulnerable Aquifers

Hydrology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Federico Cervi ◽  
Alberto Tazioli
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Management ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Alluvial Fan ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
The Common ◽  
Discharge Monitoring ◽  
Italian Apennines

Groundwater management of alluvial aquifers facing the northern Italian Apennines is an important issue that is becoming more complicated due to ongoing climate changes and increased water demands. The large groundwater withdrawals, coupled with an overall worsening of the water quality, require detailed knowledge of the recharge mechanisms of these aquifers that can be useful for further adaptation measures. We have focused our attention on a selected alluvial fan in which 49 slug injections of hyperconcentrated solutions of NaCl allowed river discharges to be estimated in seven different hydraulic sections. Consequently, losses from the streambed were assessed for the six river reaches along with the corresponding uncertainties in the estimates. The study confirms the suitability of such tests for identifying sectors in which streambed losses are promoted and for quantifying the total recharge conveyed to underlying aquifers. In addition, it has been demonstrated that the total streambed losses can be further linked to river discharges in any gauge upstream of the alluvial fan thanks to linear regression. Once obtained, the latter makes monitoring groundwater recharge by stream losses in real time possible if a permanent measurement device (such as the common telemetry used for river discharge monitoring) is available.

scholarly journals An Attempt to Characterize the Recharge of Alluvial Fans Facing the Northern Italian Apennines: Indications from Water Stable Isotopes

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1561
Author(s):  
Giovanni Martinelli ◽  
Andrea Dadomo ◽  
Federico Cervi
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Alluvial Fans ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Environmental Tracers ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Alluvial Aquifers ◽  
Italian Apennines

Nowadays, climate changes and increased water demand for human and agricultural purposes pose important questions for the groundwater management of alluvial aquifers facing the northern Italian Apennines. The large groundwater withdrawals, coupled with an overall worsening of the water quality, requires a detailed knowledge of the recharge mechanisms of these aquifers that can be useful for further adaptation measures. Concerning the recharge area of the alluvial aquifers (i.e., apices made up of gravelly materials), the present study investigates a dataset made up of 282 water samples for which stable isotopes oxygen-18 (18O) and deuterium (2H) are available. The latter involves precipitations (three rain gauges), surface water (five rivers) and groundwater (twenty wells) from five selected alluvial fans. The study confirms that the different isotopic signatures characterizing rain and river water from this area can be exploited for preliminary characterization of their significance on groundwater recharge. These results lay the foundations for the further use of a suite of environmental tracers (in which a primary role is that of water stable isotopes) at the event-scale (i.e., that of rainfall and/or flood) for eventually estimating the effective quota of recharge linked to precipitation and surface water.

STIV-DIEX INTEGRATED SYSTEM FOR LONG-TERM CONTINUOUS RIVER DISCHARGE MONITORING

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. I_667-I_672
Author(s):  
Yuya SUZUKI ◽  
Jin KASHIWADA ◽  
Yasuo NIHEI ◽  
Tomohito FUJII ◽  
Kenji TAIRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Discharge ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Discharge Monitoring

scholarly journals Dealing with Climate Change Crisis

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Krishna Prasad Oli ◽  
Tara Devi Dhakal ◽  
Navraj Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Warming Climate ◽  
International Policies ◽  
Key Topics ◽  
Climate Crisis

Climate change and its impact on human survival have been today's major challenge and key topics of discussion globally. When considering the catastrophic impacts climate change will bring to earth, in-depth studies on the mechanics and chemistry of climate changes has been emerging. Simultaneously, international and national policies to reduce the vulnerability from climate change have been developed. This article discusses environmental retrospect and climate change issues and highlights efforts taken by global community to reduce GHG. An analysis through an equity lens is made between developed and developing nations and distinction of science and post normal science, and how skeptics revolve around the myth of climate changing ‘naturally' is discussed. A brief status of climate change in Nepal has been mentioned and some mitigation and adaptation measures that can be carried out at the institutional and individual level to start solving the climate crisis conclude the paper. Key Words: Global warming, Climate change, International policies, Intra- generational equity, GHG, Renewable energy, Individual adaptation DOI: 10.3126/init.v2i1.2527 The Initiation Vol.2(1) 2008 pp79-90

Potential impacts of climate change on agriculture - A review

2020 ◽  
pp. 397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel P. Pais ◽  
Fernando H. Reboredo ◽  
José C. Ramalho ◽  
Maria F. Pessoa ◽  
Fernando C. Lidon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Ca 50 ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Greenhouse gases content in the atmosphere significantly raised since the beginning of the industrial revolution, mainly associated to anthropogenic emissions, namely those related to altered land use. Such rise is driving changes in the climate, which will worsen throughout the 21st century. Agricultural systems are particularly vulnerable to Climate Changes (CC) thus the attempts to achieve higher crop productivities, simultaneously with more efficient use of resources, while minimizing environmental impacts could fail. The CC mitigation/adaptation measures require a major effort to decarbonise the economy, which includes a global greenhouse gas emissions reduction of ca. 50-60% by 2050, as compared to 1990. These actions should be used in a complementary manner, in order to greatly reduce the vulnerability of agri-food systems, thus, contributing to food security and safety. The water shortage and increase of extreme events episodes in Southern Europe may lead to abandonment of agricultural practices, whereas in the northern Europe it is foreseen the expansion of suitable crop´s areas and yield increases, thus emphasizing that the estimated impacts of climate changes will not be uniform throughout the world.

Quantifying climate changes of the Common Era for Finland

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 2557-2567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomi P. Luoto ◽  
Liisa Nevalainen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Changes ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Era

scholarly journals Holocene climate variability in southern Greenland: results from the Galathea 3 expedition

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
Niels Nørgaard-Pedersen ◽  
Naja Mikkelsen ◽  
Majken Djurhuus Poulsen ◽  
Aaju S. Simonsen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Holocene Climate ◽  
Seismic Profiling ◽  
The Third

The third Galathea expedition (Galathea 3) left Copenhagen in August 2006 for a circumnavigation of the globe with the aim of conducting more than 70 scientific programmes en route. The first geological programme took place in South Greenland and included sampling of sediment cores and seismic profiling. The aim of the study is to obtain detailed knowledge about Holocene climate changes and the glacio - marine history.

Robustness of precipitation and river discharge extremes in the surrogate world of seasonal forecasts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Klehmet ◽  
Peter Berg ◽  
Denica Bozhinova ◽  
Louise Crochemore ◽  
Ilias Pechlivanidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
Value Theory ◽  
Extreme Value ◽  
Generalized Extreme Value Distribution ◽  
Extreme Value Analysis ◽  
Seasonal Forecasts ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Value Analysis ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation

<p>Robust information of hydrometeorological extremes is important for effective risk management, mitigation and adaptation measures by public authorities, civil and engineers dealing for example with water management. Typically, return values of certain variables, such as extreme precipitation and river discharge, are of particular interest and are modelled statistically using Extreme Value Theory (EVT). However, the estimation of these rare events based on extreme value analysis are affected by short observational data records leading to large uncertainties.</p><p>In order to overcome this limitation, we propose to use the latest seasonal meteorological prediction system of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF SEAS5) and seasonal hydrological forecasts generated with the pan-European E-HYPE model of the original period 1993-2015 and to extend the dataset to longer synthetic time series by pooling single forecast months to surrogate years. To ensure an independent dataset, the seasonal forecast skill is assessed in advance and months (and lead months) with positive skill are excluded. In this study, we simplify the method and work with samples of 6- and 4-month forecasts (instead of the full 7-month forecasts) depending on the statistical independency of the variables. It enables the record to be extended from the original 23 years to 3450 and 2300 surrogate years for the 6- and 4-month forecasts respectively.</p><p>Furthermore, we investigate the robustness of estimated 50- and 100-year return values for extreme precipitation and river discharge using 1-year block maxima that are fitted to the Generalized Extreme Value distribution. Surrogate sets of pooled years are randomly constructed using the Monte-Carlo approach and different sample sizes are chosen. This analysis reveals a considerable reduction in the uncertainty of all return period estimations for both variables for selected locations across Europe using a sample size of 500 years. This highlights the potential in using the ensembles of meteorological and hydrological seasonal forecasts to obtain timeseries of sufficient length and minimize the uncertainty in the extreme value analysis.</p>

On the interpretation of Chinese loess as a paleoclimate indicator

2009 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard Roe
Keyword(s):  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Chinese Loess ◽  
Cold Fronts ◽  
Dust Generation ◽  
The Common ◽  
Loess Deposits

AbstractThe records of wind-blown dust (i.e., loess) in China are some of the most important terrestrial records of past climate changes, stretching back over the last 10 Ma. In the paleoclimate literature, intervals of increased dust generation have been almost always interpreted as being associated with more intense or prolonged wintertime conditions. Here it is shown that, in accordance with modern observations, dust outbreaks in Asia are predominantly springtime phenomena. During spring, frequent cyclogenesis in the lee of the Mongolian Altai and the passage of strong cold fronts produce the intense windstorms that loft and entrain dust into the air. The meteorology governing such outbreaks is likely robust in past climates. Contrary to the common paleoclimate presumption, it is actually the breakdown of the Siberian High that permits the dust-producing windstorms to occur. The importance of cold fronts in generating such windstorms suggests that cooling of high-latitude climate during the Miocene, or during glacial intervals, might play a significant role in the signal recorded in the loess deposits. The unique springtime factors that generate dust storms are an example of why the common partitioning of Asian climate into a ‘winter’ and ‘summer’ monsoon is oversimplified and can be misleading.

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