scholarly journals Sources and Characteristics of Particulate Matter in Subway Tunnels in Seoul, Korea

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongil Lee ◽  
Young-Chul Lee ◽  
Taesung Kim ◽  
Jin Choi ◽  
Duckshin Park
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Iron Oxides ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Oxide Particle ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Iron Oxide Particle ◽  
Subway Tunnel ◽  
Pm10 And Pm2.5 ◽  
Subway Tunnels

Hazards related to particulate matter (PM) in subway systems necessitate improvement of the air quality. As a first step toward establishing a management strategy, we assessed the physicochemical characteristics of PM in a subway system in Seoul, South Korea. The mean mass of PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations (n = 13) were 213.7 ± 50.4 and 78.4 ± 8.8 µg/m3, with 86.0% and 85.9% of mass concentration. Chemical analysis using a thermal–optical elemental/organic carbon (EC–OC) analyzer, ion chromatography (IC), and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy indicated that the chemical components in the subway tunnel comprised 86.0% and 85.9% mass concentration of PM10 and PM2.5. Fe was the most abundant element in subway tunnels, accounting for higher proportions of PM, and was detected in PM with diameters >94 nm. Fe was present mostly as iron oxides, which were emitted from the wheel–rail–brake and pantograph–catenary wire interfaces. Copper particles were 96–150 nm in diameter and were likely emitted via catenary wire arc discharges. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) showed that the PM in subway tunnels was composed of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), quartz (SiO2), and iron oxides (hematite (α-Fe2O3) and maghemite-C (γ-Fe2O3)). Transmission electron microscopy images revealed that the PM in subway tunnels existed as agglomerates of iron oxide particle clusters a few nanometers in diameter, which were presumably generated at the aforementioned interfaces and subsequently attached onto other PM, enabling the growth of aggregates. Our results can help inform the management of PM sources from subway operation.

scholarly journals Fine Particulate Matter Pollution Characteristics and Source Apportionment of Changchun Atmosphere

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Tang ◽  
Zhuo Yang ◽  
Yue Tui ◽  
Ju Wang
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Elemental Carbon ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Pollution Characteristics ◽  
Fine Particulate

Abstract In order to study the pollution characteristics and main sources of fine particulate matter in the atmosphere of the city of Changchun, PM2.5 samples were collected during the four seasons in 2014, and representative months for each season are January, April, July, and October. Sample collection was carried out on 10 auto-monitoring stations in Changchun, and PM2.5 mass concentration, and its chemical components (including inorganic elements, organic carbon, elemental carbon, and water-soluble ions) were measured. The results show that the annual average mass concentration of PM2.5 in Changchun in 2014 was about 66.77 µg/m3. Organic matter was the highest component in PM2.5, followed by secondary inorganic ions (SNA), mineral dust (MIN), elemental carbon (EC), and trace elements (TE). Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) results gave seven factors, namely, industrial, biomass- and coal-burning, industrial and soil dust, motor-vehicle, soil and secondary-ion, light-industrial, and hybrid-automotive and -industrial sources in PM2.5, with contributing values of 18.9%, 24.2%, 5.7%, 23.0%, 11.5%, 13.0%, and 3.6%, respectively.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF SURFACES OF NOVEL IRON OXIDES WITH GRAIN AND GRAIN BOUNDARY

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1A) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Nguyet Viet Long
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Iron Oxides ◽  
Particle System ◽  
Oxide Particle ◽  
Oxide System ◽  
Iron Oxide Particle ◽  
Iron Oxide Particles ◽  
Oxide Particles

Hierarchical nano/microscale α-Fe2O3 iron oxide particle system was prepared by an improved and modified polyol method with the use of NaBH4 agent with high heat treatment at 900 °C in air. Here, α-Fe2O3 iron oxide particles with different shapes were analyzed. The morphologies of the surfaces of α-Fe2O3 iron oxide particles show the oxide structures with the different nano/microscale ranges of grain sizes. In this research, we have found that grain and grain boundary growth limits can be determined in α-Fe2O3 iron oxide structure. This leads to the possibility of producing new iron oxide structures with distribution of desirable size grain and grain boundary. With α-Fe2O3 structure obtained, the magnetic properties of the α-Fe2O3 iron oxide system are different from those of previously reported studies. in national and international studies.Keywords: Iron iron oxides, α-Fe2O3, chemical polyol methods, heat treatment.

Dust Dispersion Modeling of the Urban Environment Air nearby the Potash Production

2018 ◽  
Vol 878 ◽  
pp. 263-268
Author(s):  
G.V. Seimova ◽  
I.V. Stefanenko ◽  
M.S. Kalashnikova
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Dispersion Modeling ◽  
Small Particles ◽  
Pm10 And Pm2.5 ◽  
Dust Dispersion

Air pollution is one of the most significant problem and threats to human health worldwide. The most common pollutant is particulate matter (PM). For characteristics of the PM and their health effects, commonly used indicator is the mass concentration of particles with diameters less than 10 microns (PM10) and small dispersed suspended particles with diameter less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5), as such small particles are able to penetrate deep into the respiratory tract of the human body. The concentration of particles PM10 and PM2.5 in the air is subjected of rationing. This problem has been explored in many countries with the aim of possible reducing concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 in the air.

scholarly journals Elemental Composition of Indoor Particulate Matter in Response to Heating Facility at Sakaka City, Saudi Arabia

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
Hesham Al-Jeelani Hesham Al-Jeelani
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Airborne Particulate Matter ◽  
Heating Facility ◽  
Wood Burning ◽  
Pm10 And Pm2.5

Indoor and outdoor airborne particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) were sampled from homes with different heating facilities, located at Sakaka city, northern of Saudi Arabia during winter season. Elemental composition of PM10 and PM2.5 samples, including Al, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Ga, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Se, Te and Tl, were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Black carbon (BC) was also measured using EEL-type Smoke Stain Reflectometer. Results showed that the highest indoor concentration PM2.5 (541.67 µg m–3) and PM10 (1201.39 µg m–3) were found at homes using wood burning as heating facility. The most dominant metals were Na, Fe and Al in the investigated PM2.5 and PM10 samples. The highest concentrations of black carbon were found in homes using wood burning as heating facility. For similar homes in heating facilities, we can deduce that by increasing the number of smoking persons the value of BC increased.

AMBIENT PARTICULATE MATTER (PM10 AND PM2.5) AIR POLLUTION IN DESNIANSKY DISTRICT IN KYIV

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (67) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
O. Turos ◽  
◽  
T. Maremukha ◽  
I. Kobzarenko ◽  
A. Petrosian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Ambient Particulate Matter ◽  
Pm10 And Pm2.5

scholarly journals Exposure to chemical components of fine particulate matter and ozone, and placenta-mediated pregnancy complications in Tokyo: a register-based study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takehiro Michikawa ◽  
Seiichi Morokuma ◽  
Shin Yamazaki ◽  
Akinori Takami ◽  
Seiji Sugata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Network Database ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations

Abstract Background Maternal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was associated with pregnancy complications. However, we still lack comprehensive evidence regarding which specific chemical components of PM2.5 are more harmful for maternal and foetal health. Objective We focused on exposure over the first trimester (0–13 weeks of gestation), which includes the early placentation period, and investigated whether PM2.5 and its components were associated with placenta-mediated pregnancy complications (combined outcome of small for gestational age, preeclampsia, placental abruption, and stillbirth). Methods From 2013 to 2015, we obtained information, from the Japan Perinatal Registry Network database, on 83,454 women who delivered singleton infants within 23 Tokyo wards (≈627 km2). Using daily filter sampling of PM2.5 at one monitoring location, we analysed carbon and ion components, and assigned the first trimester average of the respective pollutant concentrations to each woman. Results The ORs of placenta-mediated pregnancy complications were 1.14 (95% CI = 1.08–1.22) per 0.51 μg/m3 (interquartile range) increase of organic carbon and 1.11 (1.03–1.18) per 0.06 μg/m3 increase of sodium. Organic carbon was also associated with four individual complications. There was no association between ozone and outcome. Significance There were specific components of PM2.5 that have adverse effects on maternal and foetal health.

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