scholarly journals Children’s Weight Gain and Cardiovascular Fitness Loss over the Summer

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Brusseau ◽  
Ryan Burns
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
The Body ◽  
School Year ◽  
School Based ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Physical Activity Programming ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health Related Fitness

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of summer breaks on the body composition and cardiovascular fitness of elementary school children who participated in a multi-year school-based physical activity intervention. Participants were 404 children who had their height and weight measured and completed the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER) during physical education classes at the beginning and end of the school year for three consecutive years. To examine the effects of time on health-related fitness data, general linear mixed effects models were employed. The results indicate that there was a trend toward an increase in body mass index (BMI) after the summer of 2015 (p = 0.958), and a significant increase in BMI after the summer of 2016 compared to time point 1 (p < 0.001). For PACER laps, there were trends toward decreases in PACER laps after the summers of 2015 (p = 0.515) and 2016 (p = 0.073). Summer breaks tended to attenuate the BMI and PACER lap improvements that were observed during the intervention. While school-based physical activity programming has had some successes in improving health-related fitness markers, the loss of these improvements over the summer is of concern to both practitioners and researchers. It is clear that additional efforts are needed to limit obesogenic behaviors during the summer months.

Principal Components of Fitness: Relationship to Physical Activity and Lifestyle

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy J. Shephard ◽  
Claude Bouchard
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Exercise Frequency ◽  
F Factor ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Health Related Fitness

Interrelationships between metabolic and cardiorespiratory health were examined in 350 healthy adults. Four principal components accounted for 66.7% of the variance in 172 males (M) and for 62.4% in 178 females (F). Factor 1, "obesity," related to body mass index, abdominal circumference, total skinfold thickness, and (M only) abdominal/hip circumference ratio. Factor 2, "cardiovascular fitness," had loadings from resting heart rate and PWC150/kg. Factors 3 and 4 were related to total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol, respectively (plus blood pressures, particularly in F). Factor 1 was linked to caffeine consumption and to exercise frequency (F) or perceived intensity (M). Factor 2 was linked to perceptions of activity relative to others (M and F) and to the intensity of activity (M only). Factors 3 and 4 were associated with perceived fitness and physical activity relative to others. Because perceptions of physical activity and fitness lack consistency, it is suggested that health be judged more directly from simple measures of health related fitness that require little subject cooperation. Key words: caffeine consumption, cardiorespiratory fitness, gender differences, health related fitness, metabolic fitness, perceived activity

Performance calibration among youth with visual impairment on a 6-minute endurance run test

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-332
Author(s):  
TN Kirk ◽  
Justin A Haegele ◽  
Xihe Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Health Related Fitness

Physical activity and fitness have long been associated with health, yet youth with visual impairments tend to be less active and less fit than their sighted peers. Performance calibration (i.e., the degree to which predictions about performance reflect actual performance) may be a useful conceptual framework to investigate the relationships between perceptions of health-related fitness and measured fitness performance among youth with visual impairments. The purpose of this study was to examine the predictive and postdictive performance calibration of youth with visual impairments on a test of cardiovascular fitness. Twenty-five participants (12 female, 13 male, aged 10–17 years) completed a 6-min endurance run test. Before and after the test, participants estimated how far they would run. Based on these data, performance calibration scores were calculated, and variables were correlated. Gender and visual impairment level-based differences were compared using t tests. Participants were generally overconfident in their predicted run scores but underconfident in their postdictions. Results of the present study suggest that youth with visual impairments are generally poorly calibrated with regard to cardiovascular fitness.

scholarly journals Two-year longitudinal health-related fitness, anthropometry and body composition status amongst adolescents in Tlokwe Municipality: The PAHL Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwatoyi O. Toriola ◽  
Makama A. Monyeki ◽  
Abel L. Toriola
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Endurance Running ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Health Related Fitness

Aim: To evaluate a two-year longitudinal development of health-related fitness, anthropometry and body composition status amongst adolescents in Tlokwe Municipality, Potchefstroom, South Africa.Setting: A total of 283 high-school learners (111 boys and 172 girls) of ages 14 and 15 years who were part of the ongoing Physical Activity and Health Longitudinal Study (PAHLS) participated in the study. For the purpose of the present study, data collected for 2011 and 2012 for anthropometric, body composition and health-related physical fitness were used.Results: Body mass index (BMI) classification of boys and girls for 2011 and 2012 showed that 24.3% of them were underweight compared with 21% in 2012. In 2011, 50% of boys and girls had normal bodyweight compared with 52% in 2012, whilst 25.5% of the total group of participants were overweight compared with 27% in 2012. Both boys and girls showed significant increases of 5.9% in body fat (BF) and 3.2 kg in body weight over two years’ measurements, respectively. Regarding health-related fitness (i.e BAH), boys showed an increase of 14.8 seconds whilst girls gained 9.6 seconds. Significant decreases were found for sit-ups in both boys and girls. A significant VO2max increase of 2.9 mL/kg/min. was found in boys over the time period. A non-significant decrease of -0.5 mL/kg/min. was observed in girls. Regression coefficients showed that changes in BMI were inversely associated with those in health-related physical fitness. The changes in percentage BF were negatively associated with standing broad jump (SBJ), bent arm hang (BAH) and VO2 max in both boys and girls. A low significant positive association was found between changes in waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and SBJ in both genders, whilst inverse low associations were found between WHtR and BAH in girls and for VO2max in both genders.Conclusion: Changes in BMI, %BF and WHtR were negatively associated with strength and running performances in the participating children. The relative increase in overweight, especially in girls, negatively affected their endurance running and static strength performances. The health implications of the observed findings are discussed and recommendations offered for physical activity intervention in school physical education (PE) programmes.

scholarly journals Impact of an Elementary School-Based Intervention on Physical Activity Time and Aerobic Capacity, Georgia, 2013-2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 132 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 24S-32S ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayley A. Braun ◽  
Christi M. Kay ◽  
Patricia Cheung ◽  
Paul S. Weiss ◽  
Julie A. Gazmararian
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
School Level ◽  
Activity Time ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
School Based ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the impact of a 1-year elementary school physical activity intervention on changes in teacher-reported school-based physical activity time and (2) assess the relationship between these changes and changes in student aerobic capacity. Methods: HealthMPowers, a nonprofit organization, provided a multicomponent physical activity intervention to 3479 students in 39 schools in Georgia during 2013-2014. HealthMPowers administered a survey to faculty members before (August 2013) and after (May 2014) the intervention to measure student physical activity times. The organization collected pre- and post-intervention Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER) laps (a measure of aerobic capacity that awards 1 lap for each completed 20-meter lap) for 2342 fourth-grade students. We performed linear regression to determine the relationship between school-level changes in teacher-reported school-based physical activity time and student aerobic capacity. Results: The weekly estimated teacher-reported time in physical activity increased by 39 minutes from pre- to post-intervention: 21 minutes for recess, 17 minutes for classroom, and 1 minute for physical education. The mean number of student PACER laps increased by 3 laps from pre- to post-intervention, and 1515 of 2342 (65%) students increased the number of PACER laps completed. We observed a positive association between school-level changes in school-based physical activity time and school-level changes in PACER laps ( r = 0.38; 95% confidence interval, 0.29-0.46). Conclusions: These findings highlight the need for more prospective research into multicomponent physical activity interventions. Rigorous testing, including randomized controlled trials of large-scale implementations, is needed to examine how these school-based interventions might be used to improve the physical activity and fitness of larger populations of children.

scholarly journals Relationship between Health-related Fitness and Web-based Physical Activity Records in College Students

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Kuei Yu CHIEN ◽  
Shu Chen CHEN ◽  
Wen Jong LIN ◽  
Hui Tan LO ◽  
Hung Jen CHEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
College Students ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Cardiovascular Endurance ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Health Related Fitness

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between health-related fitness (HRF) and the physical activity (PA) level from web-based records in college students. The college students (N=221, 18.8±0.6 yr) were recruited. Sedentary time, exercise mode, duration and rating of perceived exertion scale for 7 days were recorded. The body mass index, sit-ups completed in 30 s and 60 s, standing long jump, sit and reach, and 800- or 1600-m run/walk were measured. Spearman correlation and independent t-test were used for statistics. A level of a=0.05 was set for significant on all tests. The results showed that both PA and moderate intensity physical activity were significantly related to HRF, where as cardiovascular endurance was not related. We suggested PA probably affect life movement but not cardiovascular endurance. This study also indicated the correlation patterns were different in gender. The best strategies to promote HRF in college students are to reduce the sedentary time for male and to increase PA intensity for female. 本研究主要探討網路版之身體活動量與大學生健康體適能關聯，本研究招募221位(18.8±0.6歲)大學生記錄7天靜態生活與運動種類、時間以及運動時自覺努力的程度，此外進行健康體適能之身體質量指數、一分鐘仰臥起坐、立定跳遠、坐姿體前彎以及男生1600公尺或是女生之800公尺跑走測驗。以Spearman積差相關進行各變數之關聯度檢定，並以獨立樣本t檢定考驗男生與女生間各變數之差異性，顯著水準定在0.05。結果顯示無論每週平均身體活動時間或是中等強度身體活動時間與非心肺適能之健康適能具顯著的關聯，此結果暗示了身體活動量與日常生活之活動力有關，與心肺適能無關，本研究亦發現身體活動量與健康適能關聯型態因性別不同而有所不同，本校最佳之男性體適能增進策略為減少坐式時間，最佳之女性體適能增進策略為增強運動強度。

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF THE FITT PROGRAM ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND HEALTH-RELATED FITNESS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 437
Author(s):  
Dragan Cvejic ◽  
Sergej Ostojić
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
The Body ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Muscular Fitness ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Simultaneous Decrease ◽  
Primary School Age ◽  
Health Related Fitness

Evaluation of the effects of an eight-week innovative FITT program of Physical Education to Physical Activity (PA) and health-related fitness (HRF). In the experimental group (N=92), with FITT guidelines, the students have been “introduced” to the development of the HRF zone. There have been 16 classes for the development of the aerobic fitness and 8 classes for the development of muscular fitness. Flexibility has been developed in the final parts of each class. The csontrol group (N=86) attended traditional classes of the same volume. Before and after the intervention, the HRF components evaluation was performed with the battery of FITNESSGRAM tests and the PA by the pedometer OMRON HJ-320. Both groups showed a significant increase in the maximum consumption of oxygen and the number of depleted shares (PACER laps), with the simultaneous decrease in the PA level. The FITT program significantly contributed to the improvement of aerobic fitness, muscular fitness and partially flexibility. There was no difference between the group in the body composition and the PA level. FITT intervention is a promising school strategy for improving the aerobic and muscular fitness of students.

The impact of an after-school physical activity program on health-related fitness of mother/daughter pairs: CASPIAN study

2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 219-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Kargarfard ◽  
Roya Kelishadi ◽  
Vahid Ziaee ◽  
Gelayol Ardalan ◽  
Farzin Halabchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Activity Program ◽  
After School ◽  
Activity Program ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health Related Fitness

scholarly journals Impact of a School-Based Physical Activity Intervention on Fitness and Bone in Adolescent Females

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Schneider ◽  
Genevieve F. Dunton ◽  
Stan Bassin ◽  
Dan J. Graham ◽  
Alon Eliakim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Thoracic Spine ◽  
Adolescent Females ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
School Based Intervention ◽  
School Based ◽  
The Impact

Background:Many female adolescents participate in insufficient physical activity to maintain cardiovascular fitness and promote optimal bone growth. This study evaluates the impact of a school-based intervention on fitness, activity, and bone among adolescent females.Methods:Subjects were assigned to an intervention (n = 63) or comparison (n = 59) group, and underwent assessments of cardiovascular fitness (VO2peak), physical activity, body composition, bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), and serum markers of bone turnover at baseline and at the end of each of two school semesters.Results:The intervention increased physical activity, VO2peak, and BMC for the thoracic spine (P values < 0.05). Bone turnover markers were not affected. In longitudinal analyses of the combined groups, improvements in cardiovascular fitness predicted increased bone formation (P < 0.01) and bone resorption (P < 0.05).Conclusion:A school-based intervention for adolescent females effectively increased physical activity, cardiovascular fitness, and thoracic spine BMC.

The effect of physical-activity intervention on children’s health-related quality of life

2020 ◽  
pp. 140349482097149
Author(s):  
Silje Eikanger Kvalø ◽  
Inger Karin Natlandsmyr
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
School Based ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

Aims: We investigated the effect of a school-based physical-activity intervention on children’s health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and the potential influence of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Methods: A randomised, controlled trial (Active School) involving fifth-grade children was conducted during the 2014/15 school year. The sample included 435 children (10–11 years old) at five intervention schools and four control schools. The weekly interventions concerned two 45 min of physically active lessons, five 10 min of physically active breaks and five 10 min of physically active homework. The children’s HRQoL was measured using KIDSCREEN-27 and a self-report questionnaire, while physical activity was measured using accelerometers. Results: The results of multilevel analysis showed a significant effect on psychological wellbeing ( p = 0.005), social support and peers ( p = 0.005) and school environment ( p = 0.013). No gender differences were observed. Children’s MVPA did not influence their KIDSCREEN-27 score. Conclusions: The school-based physical-activity intervention (Active School) shows positive effects on children’s self-reported psychological wellbeing, social support and peers, and school environment.

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