scholarly journals Socio-Economic Status and Health: Evaluation of Human Biomonitored Chemical Exposure to Per- and Polyfluorinated Substances across Status

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurgen Buekers ◽  
Ann Colles ◽  
Christa Cornelis ◽  
Bert Morrens ◽  
Eva Govarts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Human Biomonitoring ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Internal Exposure ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Standard Classification

Research on the environment, health, and well-being nexus (EHWB) is shifting from a silo toward a systemic approach that includes the socio-economic context. To disentangle further the complex interplay between the socio-exposome and internal chemical exposure, we performed a meta-analysis of human biomonitoring (HBM) studies with internal exposure data on per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and detailed information on risk factors, including descriptors of socio-economic status (SES) of the study population. PFASs are persistent in nature, and some have endocrine-disrupting properties. Individual studies have shown that HBM biomarker concentrations of PFASs generally increase with SES indicators, e.g., for income. Based on a meta-analysis (five studies) of the associations between PFASs and SES indicators, the magnitude of the association could be estimated. For the SES indicator income, changes in income were expressed by a factor change, which was corrected by the Gini coefficient to take into account the differences in income categories between studies, and the income range between countries. For the SES indicator education, we had to conclude that descriptors (<college, x years of study, etc.) differed too widely between studies to perform a meta-analysis. Therefore, the use of the uniform ISCED (International Standard Classification of Education) is recommended in future studies. The meta-analysis showed that a higher income is associated with a higher internal exposure to PFASs (PFOS or perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, PFOA or perfluorooctanoic acid, PFNA or perfluorononanoic acid, PFHxS or perfluorohexane sulfonate). This is opposite to the environmental justice hypothesis, referring to an inequitable distribution of detrimental environmental effects toward poor and minority communities by a practice or policy. With a doubling of the income, internal exposure increased on average by 10%–14%. Possible explanations for this difference are given, e.g., underlying differences in diet. However, other sources can also contribute, and the exact causes of SES-related differences in PFAS concentrations remain unclear. Studies are needed that include social descriptors together with lifestyle and dietary information as explanatory variables for internal chemical exposure levels. This will help clarify the underlying factors that link SES with inequity to environmental exposures, and will raise awareness and knowledge to strengthen the capacities of people and communities to advocate chemical exposure reduction in order to reduce this health inequity.

scholarly journals Relationship between Spiritual Well-being and Quality of Life among Chronically Ill Individuals

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanwal Shahbaz ◽  
Dr. Kiran Shahbaz
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
Spiritual Wellbeing ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Spiritual Well Being ◽  
Chronically Ill Patients

The study was aimed to find the relationship between Spiritual Wellbeing and Quality of Life among chronically ill individuals. Likewise, relationship between demographic variables with Quality of Life and Spiritual Wellbeing were also reconnoitered. Non probability purposive sampling technique was used with chronically ill patients of 15yrs to 80yrs. For measuring spiritual wellbeing Urdu version of “Spiritual Wellness Inventory” (SWI-URDU) (Hanif, 2010) was used. Alternatively, for the measurement of Quality of life WHO Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHO-QOL-BREF) was used. A sample of 200 chronically ill patients were taken from four different hospitals of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Reliabilities of both the instruments were computed as 0.90 for SWI and 0.74 for WHO-QOL-BREF. Findings show that quality of life and Spiritual wellbeing is positively related among chronically ill individuals. Males found to score high on spiritual wellbeing than females. Individuals with less education are more spiritually inclined as compared to individuals with high education. Quality of life was scored high by individuals with higher education as compared to less education. Married individuals were having better quality of life than unmarried, separated widow and divorced. Patients with middle socio-economic status were having better quality of life than higher and lower. Quality of life was high among individuals with better monthly income than those who have low and middle monthly incomes. Spiritual well being is higher in middle adolescents (15-17) than in late (18-20) adolescents. The current research can be implemented in designing the intervention plans for the betterment of chronically ill patients. It may also help us to develop an insight that each patient with same disease but in different age group and socio-economic status has different needs and plans of treatment and care.

Bringing home the bacon: Industry, employment, and income in boreal Canada

2009 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike N Patriquin ◽  
John R Parkins ◽  
Richard C Stedman
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Forest Policy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Forest Dependence ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Boreal Region ◽  
Statistics Canada

Questions about the contribution of forestry to the socio-economic status of Canadian boreal communities have risen to the fore as debates have emerged about extending areas of protection in the region. Our previous research showed that boreal communities tend to be worse off socio-economically than other Canadian rural communities, and that labour income from the forest industry is relatively small. Because boreal development and protection initiatives are likely to be province-specific, this paper uses 2001 Statistics Canada data to examine the socio-economic status of boreal communities and the relationship between forest dependence and status—by province. We find a generally positive relationship between forest sector employment and employment income across the boreal region, but no such positive relationship between forest employment and unemployment rates, suggesting that the particular indicator chosen to represent wellbeing is a crucial consideration. Further, we see a great deal of inter-provincial variation in the relative importance of resource industries, suggesting the utility of province-specific and joint national initiatives. Finally, although the forest sector looms large in the collective psyche of the boreal region, we find diversified employment: other sectors (i.e., energy, agriculture, and hospitality) make a significant contribution to the economy of boreal communities. Key words: community status, well-being, forest dependence, forest policy, triad land management, boreal forest

Relationship of Socio Economic Status, Income, and Education with the Survival Rate of Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid TAHERI ◽  
Mohammad TAVAKOL ◽  
Mohammad Esmaeil AKBARI ◽  
Amir ALMASI-HASHIANI ◽  
Mahmoud ABBASI
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Social Determinant ◽  
Breast Cancer Survival ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Academic Level ◽  
High Level

Background: Despite our awareness of the significant effect of Social Determinant of Health (SDoH) such as Socio Economic Status (SES), income and education on breast cancer survival, there was a serious lack of information about the effect of different level of these factors on breast cancer survival. So far, no meta-analysis has been conducted with this aim, but this gap was addressed by this meta-analysis. Methods: Main electronic databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were investigated up to January 2019. Epidemiological studies focusing on the association between SDoH and breast cancer were singled out. Q-test and I2 statistic were used to study the heterogeneity across studies. Begg's and Egger's tests were applied to explore the likelihood of the publication bias. The results were reported as hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) through a random-effects model. Results: We identified 7,653 references and included 25 studies involving 1,497,881 participants. The HR estimate of breast cancer survival was 0.82 (0.67, 0.98) among high level of SES, 0.82 (0.70, 0.94) among high level of income and 0.72 (0.66, 0.78) among academic level of education. Conclusion: The SES, income, and education were associated with breast cancer survival, although the association was not very strong. However, there was a significant association between the levels of these factors and breast cancer survival.

Socio-economic factors and the sex ratio at birth

1971 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Teitelbaum ◽  
Nathan Mantel
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Economic Variables ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Socio Economic Variables ◽  
The Relationship

Using a large special study population and refined indicators of socio-economic status, the relationship of the live birth sex ratio to socio economic variables is examined. The analyses provide control for the possible confounding effects of race and birth order.The sex ratio is shown to be significantly and positively associated with socio-economic variables. The relationship is not linear, however, but instead is characterized by an apparent ‘diminishing returns’ curve. The major increase in sex ratio is detected as socio-economic status increases from low to moderate. No significant change occurs between moderate and higher socio-economic levels.Even after controlling for the significant socio-economic effect, the analyses detect a significant difference between the sex ratios of Whites on the one hand and Negroes and Puerto Ricans on the other.No significant association between birth order and the sex ratio can be detected in the study population.

scholarly journals Socio-economic differences in eating-related attitudes, behaviours and environments of adolescents

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Utter ◽  
Simon Denny ◽  
Sue Crengle ◽  
Shanthi Ameratunga ◽  
Terryann Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
School Students ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Deprived Areas

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between area-level socio-economic status and healthy and less healthy eating behaviours among adolescents and to determine whether the relationship between area-level socio-economic status and dietary behaviours was related to the relevant attitudes and environments.DesignData were collected as part of Youth’07, a nationally representative survey of the health and well-being of New Zealand youth.SettingNew Zealand secondary schools, 2007.SubjectsA total of 9107 secondary-school students in New Zealand.ResultsStudents from more deprived areas perceived more supportive school environments and cared as much about healthy eating as students in more affluent areas. However, these students were significantly more likely to report consuming fast food, soft drinks and chocolates.ConclusionsAddressing area-level socio-economic disparities in healthy eating requires addressing the availability, affordability and marketing of unhealthy snack foods, particularly in economically deprived areas.

scholarly journals Journey of Women: Puberty to Post-menopause

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrivastava A ◽  
Deepika MLN
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Potential Health Risk ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Post Menopause

Women are facing several health hazards that have an adverse effect on them and their offspring. In this article, the potential health risk factors and repercussions in women are evaluated so that sustenance of well-being is maintained and appropriate strategic interventions are made at critical stages such as at childhood, adolescence and pregnancy. Weakened and restricted access to public health system for low socio-economic status women and unregulated growth of the private sector in healthcare is leading to a near-total eclipse of availability and accessibility of universal and comprehensive healthcare.

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