Socio-economic factors and the sex ratio at birth

1971 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Teitelbaum ◽  
Nathan Mantel
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Economic Variables ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Socio Economic Variables ◽  
The Relationship

Using a large special study population and refined indicators of socio-economic status, the relationship of the live birth sex ratio to socio economic variables is examined. The analyses provide control for the possible confounding effects of race and birth order.The sex ratio is shown to be significantly and positively associated with socio-economic variables. The relationship is not linear, however, but instead is characterized by an apparent ‘diminishing returns’ curve. The major increase in sex ratio is detected as socio-economic status increases from low to moderate. No significant change occurs between moderate and higher socio-economic levels.Even after controlling for the significant socio-economic effect, the analyses detect a significant difference between the sex ratios of Whites on the one hand and Negroes and Puerto Ricans on the other.No significant association between birth order and the sex ratio can be detected in the study population.

Life Satisfaction Depending on Socio-Economic Status and Gender among Turkish Students

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susran Erkan Eroğlu ◽  
Hasan Bozgeyikli ◽  
Vahit Çalişir
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Turkish People ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

This research was carried out using the survey method in an attempt to find out the relationship between the life satisfaction and socio-economic status (SES) of adolescents. The research was conducted among 275 young Turkish people chosen by the random sampling method. The research findings determined that there was a significant difference between the life satisfaction and SES of the respondent students. On the other hand, contrary to expectations, there was no significant difference according to the gender variable.

scholarly journals Socio-Economic Status and Intelligence Quotient of primary school-aged children with asthma

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
Obinna Chukwuebuka Nduagubam
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Intelligence Quotient ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Children With Asthma ◽  
Nigeria Teaching Hospital ◽  
The Relationship

Objective:   Intelligence Quotient is said to be more variable in childhood and is thought to be influenced by the socio-economic status of the families of children. This aim of this study was to determine the relationship between socio-economic class and Intelligence Quotient (IQ) of primary school children with asthma and to compare with those of children without. Material and Methods: One hundred and twenty children with asthma (subjects) aged 5 – 11 years were consecutively recruited at the asthma clinic of University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku/Ozalla, Enugu State, Nigeria and their age- , sex and socio-economic class (SEC) - matched normal classmates were enrolled as controls from their schools. Their SEC was obtained using the tool described by Oyedeji while their academic performance was obtained from their schools using their scores over an academic session. Their Intelligence Quotient (IQ) was determined using the Draw-A-Person- test. The relationship between SEC and Intelligence Quotient of children with asthma was determined and was compared with that of the 120 controls. Results: There was no significant difference between the IQ of the Subjects and Control in the different Socio-economic Classes. IQ has no significant correlation (Spearman’s) with SEC in both Subjects (r = 0.115; p = 0.21) and Controls (r = 0.082; p = 0.38). No significant difference exists in the IQ of children with asthma across the different socio-economic classes. Conclusion: The IQ of children with asthma is not influenced by their Socio-Economic status.

scholarly journals Modelling of COVID-19 pandemic vis-a-vis some socioeconomic factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayode Oshinubi ◽  
Mustapha rachdi ◽  
Jacques Demongeot
Keyword(s):  
Gini Index ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Economic Data ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Sharp Difference ◽  
Socio Economic Variables ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Second Wave

The impacts of COVID-19 outbreak on socio-economic status of countries across the globe cannot be overemphasized as we examine the role it played in various countries. A lot of people were out of jobs, many households were careful of their spending and a greater social fracture of the population in fourteen different countries has emerged. We considered periods of infection spread during the first and second wave in Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries and countries in Africa, that is developed and developing countries alongside their social-economic data. We established a mathematical and statistical relationship between Theil and Gini index, then we studied the relationship between the data from epidemiology and socio-economic determinants using several machine learning and deep learning methods. High correlations were observed between some of the socio-economic and epidemiologic parameters and we predicted three of the socio-economic variables in order to validate our results. These result shows a sharp difference between the first and second wave of the pandemic confirming the real dynamics of the spread of the outbreak in several countries and ways by which it was mitigated.

scholarly journals Accounting for the multidimensional nature of the relationship between adult obesity and socio-economic status: the French second National Individual Survey on Food Consumption (INCA 2) dietary survey (2006–07)

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (10) ◽  
pp. 1602-1608 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Fillol ◽  
C. Dubuisson ◽  
L. Lafay ◽  
A. Dufour ◽  
M. Bertin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Adult Obesity ◽  
Dietary Survey ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Synthetic Index ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

The objective was to study the multidimensional nature of the relationship between adult obesity (OB) and socio-economic status (SES), using comprehensive indices of SES taken separately or synthesised in an overall index. A nationally representative sample of adults aged 18–79 years was taken from the French second National Individual Survey on Food Consumption (INCA 2) dietary survey (2006–07). Weight and height were measured and OB defined as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. SES variables were reported in questionnaires and included occupation, education and characteristics of household wealth. Composite indices of SES (household wealth and overall SES indices) were computed by correspondence analysis, and relationships with OB were investigated with logistic regression analysis. In total, 11·8 (95 % CI 10·1, 13·4) % of French adults were obese, without significant difference by sex. While no significant relationship was observed in men, all SES indicators were inversely correlated to OB in women. Both education and the household wealth index were retained in the stepwise multivariate model, confirming that different socio-economic variables are not necessarily proxies of each other regarding the OB issue. On the other hand, ‘controlling for SES’ while including several measures of SES in multivariate models may lead to collinearity, and thus over-adjustment. A more integrative approach may be to derive a synthetic index by including the SES factors available in a given study. Beyond this methodological perspective, understanding how OB is related to the different dimensions of SES should help to target the more vulnerable groups and increase the effectiveness of prevention.

scholarly journals Importance of Urban Factor and Selected Socio-Economic Variables in the Differentiation of Coordination Motor Abilities Level (CMA)

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-200
Author(s):  
Janusz Jaworski ◽  
Eligiusz Madejski
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Computer Application ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Economic Variables ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Socio Economic Variables ◽  
The City

Importance of Urban Factor and Selected Socio-Economic Variables in the Differentiation of Coordination Motor Abilities Level (CMA)Introduction. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the urban factor and socio-economic status on selected coordination motor abilities of non-practicing physical education female students. Material and methods. The research covered 83 female students aged 20.6±0.8 SD years. Data on place of residence and socio-economic status of respondents were collected through a survey. The study of coordination motor abilities was carried out by a special computer application using for this purpose a "tablet" with touch screen. Assessment of the size, scope and direction of differentiation between the groups was made on the basis of standardized inter-group differences. Results. The inter-group differences were presented in the surveyed female students' coordination motor abilities, depending on the urban factor and socio-economic status. The gradient of these changes was as follows: the city over 25 thousand population > city of 25 thousand population > small town. The scale of differentiation was dependent on the type of tested abilities and the environmental factor. Conclusion. Gradient of observed changes could be caused by, e.g. more environmental stimuli stimulating the nervous system in the earlier periods of development of the female students from larger urban clusters and families with higher socio-economic status.

Birth Order Sibship Size and Socio-Economic Factors in Risk of Schizophrenia in Greece

1988 ◽  
Vol 152 (4) ◽  
pp. 482-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene M. Malama ◽  
Dimitri J. Papaioannou ◽  
Evangelia P. Kaklamani ◽  
Klea M. Katsouyanni ◽  
Ivoni G. Koumantaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Order ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Sibship Size ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The Social ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Socio Economic Variables ◽  
Mother’S Age ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

A case-control study was undertaken to evaluate the effects, if any, of sibship size, birth order and parents' age at birth on the risk of a person's developing schizophrenia. Information was obtained, during an 18-month period, from 221 schizophrenic patients in the only mental-health hospital of the region of Peloponese, Greece, and from an equal number of matched patients. The data were analysed by modelling through logistic regression. No relationship was found between the occurrence of schizophrenia in a patient and either father's or mother's age at patient's birth, or sibship size, or birth order, when demographic and socio-economic variables were accounted for in the analysis. Although patients with schizophrenia were of similar socio-economic status to the comparison patients, they came from families with higher original socio-economic status, a fact which appears to reflect the decline of both schizophrenic and pre-schizophrenic people in the social ladder.

scholarly journals A Study of HIV/AIDS Co-Infections and Coping Strategies of Key Population of Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.B. Subba Phudong ◽  
N. Rimal
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Migrant Labour ◽  
Key Population ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Population

Introduction: Nepal is considered as a concentrated HIV epidemic among key population like Migrant Labour Worker (MLW), Sex Worker (SW), Injecting Drug User (IDU) and Spouse of Migrant Labour Worker (SMLW). Hence, the HIV infection has significantly contributed to be HIV/TB co-infected among key population. Intervention of Anti Retroviral Therapy (ART) and Direct Observed Short Course (DOTS) have significantly reduced HIV associated morbidity and mortality in Nepal. The objective of this study was to analyze coping strategies to access the HIV/TB services in relation to socio-economic status of key study population. Methods: The study was conducted in five districts Jhapa, Morang, Sunsari, Kavre and Parsa of Nepal. The HIV/TB respondents were selected from previous background of key population: MLW, SW, IDU, and SMLW. 343 respondents were selected through snowballing and convenient sampling technique. The data were collected through face to face interview using pretested questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square, and ANOVA test were applied to analyze the collected data. Results: Among 343 HIV/TB co-infected respondents, more than two fifth (44.3%) were belonged to MLW, followed by one third (34.1%) of respondents were SMLW. Therefore, the HIV/TB co-infection was significant association (p=0.001) with employment status and key study population. In addition to this, the study showed that there was significant difference between facing stigma/discrimination and study districts (F=11.03, p=0.001) of respondents. Similarly, there was significant difference between used of previous saving and occupation of family (F=10.461, p=0.001) as coping strategies to access HIV/TB services. Conclusion: Despite the existing stigma and discrimination, the key study population had used various coping strategies to access the health care services in relation to their socio-economic status.  

scholarly journals Relationship of Cord Blood Immunoglobulin E and Maternal Immunoglobulin E with Birth Order and Maternal History of Allergy in Albanian Mother/Neonate Pairs

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 751-756
Author(s):  
Hatixhe Latifi-Pupovci ◽  
Violeta Lokaj-Berisha ◽  
Besa Lumezi
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

BACKGROUND: Previous studies reported that familial factors such as birth order and mothers atopy might influence cord blood levels and development of allergies.AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship of cord blood IgE and maternal IgE with birth order and mothers history of allergy in Albanian mother/neonate pairs.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Study population represented 291 mother-infant pairs. Mothers were interviewed with a questionnaire for personal history of allergy and pregnancy history whereas serum IgE levels were determined using sandwich IRMA assay.RESULTS: The mean level of cIgE in neonates with detectable levels was 1.59 (n = 78). No significant difference in means of cIgE was found between first born and later born neonates (p = 0.232) and between neonates of mothers with a negative and positive history of allergy (p = 0.125). Also, no significant difference was found between means of mIgE by birth order, whereas there was a significant difference of mIgE between mothers with and without a history of allergy (p = 0.01). In a group of neonates with detectable cIgE levels, maternal IgE levels were moderately correlated with cIgE levels.CONCLUSION: Cord blood IgE is not affected by birth order and mothers history of allergy, whereas mothers IgE are affected by the history of allergy but not by birth order.

The Relationship between Financial Planning for Retirement and Some Socio-Economic Variables

2015 ◽  
pp. 54-68
Author(s):  
Filiz Yildirim ◽  
Nuray Akpolat
Keyword(s):  
Financial Planning ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Variables ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Socio Economic Variables ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study, planned as a quantitative research, is to determine the relationship between planning retirement financially in middle-age period and some socio-economic variables. This study is conducted through 287 participants, who live in Nevsehir, Turkey, aged 40-59, and were reached via the help of some key individuals. As the result of the study, statistically no significant difference has been found between the responses of women and men about planning the retirement financially. However, it has been verified that men's financial plans for retirement were higher in rates than that of women. On the other hand, it was also found that although neither women nor men feel ready for the retirement, it has been determined that for men the factor of being an owner of a house and for women the factor of saving up increases the financial planning for the retirement.

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