scholarly journals A Two-stage Dynamic Undesirable Data Envelopment Analysis Model Focused on Media Reports and the Impact on Energy and Health Efficiency

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huaming Chen ◽  
Jia Liu ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Yung-Ho Chiu ◽  
Tai-Yu Lin
Keyword(s):  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Data Envelopment Analysis Model ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Dynamic Network Model ◽  
Energy Environment ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
The Impact

Past research on energy and environmental issues in China has generally focused on energy and environmental efficiencies with no models having included the public health associations or the role of the media. Therefore, to fill this research gap, this paper used a modified Undesirable Dynamic Network model to analyze the efficiency of China’s energy, environment, health and media communications, from which it was found that the urban production efficiency stage was better than the health treatment stage, and that the energy efficiencies across the Chinese regions varied significantly, with only Beijing, Guangzhou, Lhasa and Nanning being found to have high efficiencies. Large urban gaps and low efficiencies were found for health expenditure, with the best performances being found in Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Haikou, Hefei, Nanning, and Urumqi. The regions with the best media communication efficiencies were Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Haikou, Hefei, Lhasa, Nanning and Urumqi, and the cities with the best respiratory disease efficiencies were Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Haikou, Lhasa, Nanning, Wuhan, Urumqi, Xian, and Yinchuan. Overall, significant efficiency improvements were needed in health expenditure and in particular in respiratory diseases as there were major differences across the country.

scholarly journals The Dynamic Analysis of the Pollutant Emissions Impact on Human Health in China Industries Based on the Meta-Frontier DEA

Healthcare ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changfeng Shi ◽  
Hui Wu ◽  
Yung-Ho Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Data Envelopment Analysis Model ◽  
Total Efficiency ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Efficiency

Environmental pollutant emissions have become increasingly serious, and the resulting human health problems have become the focus of social attention. In this study, 30 provinces in China were selected as the object of study, SO2, NOX (nitrogen oxide), and PM2.5 were taken as undesirable outputs, and a meta-frontier dynamic data envelopment analysis model was adopted to avoid the disadvantages of static analysis. In this paper, energy efficiency, environmental pollution efficiency, and human health efficiency were incorporated into a unified analysis framework by constructing a two-stage model of the production and health stages. The study shows that the total efficiency score of nine provinces and cities, including Beijing, is 1. However, the score of two-stage efficiency in most provinces, such as Anhui, is less than 1, and the score of production efficiency is higher than that of health efficiency. In the second stage, the average efficiency of health expenditure and medical staff input is low, so it is necessary to make targeted improvement. In this regard, it is necessary for the government to increase health expenditure to improve the overall level of health efficiency.

Deterring the development and use of nuclear weapons: a multi-level modeling approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-493
Author(s):  
Kathleen M Carley ◽  
Geoffrey P Morgan ◽  
Michael J Lanham
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Pacific Rim ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Dynamic Network Model ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Stakeholder Model ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Multi Stakeholder ◽  
The Impact

We describe a multi-country, multi-stakeholder model for the accrual and use of nuclear weapons and illustrate the model’s value for addressing nuclear weapon proliferation issues using a historic Pacific Rim scenario. We instantiate the agent-based dynamic network model for information and belief diffusion using data from subject matter experts and data mined from open source news documents. We present the techniques that supported model instantiation. A key feature of this model and these techniques is enabling rapid model re-use through the ability to instantiate at two levels: generically and for specific cases. We demonstrate these generic and specific cases using a scenario regarding North Korea’s interest in nuclear weapons and the resulting impact on the Pacific Rim circa 2014, that is, prior to the fourth and fifth nuclear weapons tests by the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. A key feature of this model is that it uses two levels of network interaction, the country level and the stakeholder level, thus supporting the inclusion of non-state actors and the assessment of complex scenarios. Using this model, we conducted virtual experiments in which we assessed the impact of alternative courses of action on the overall force posture and desire to develop and use nuclear weapons.

Inter-provincial differences of technical innovation efficiency among farmer professional cooperatives in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-424
Author(s):  
Ping Zhou ◽  
Lichao Yang ◽  
Pingbo Hu ◽  
Yang Cheng ◽  
Shenghan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Rural China ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Technical Innovation ◽  
Data Envelopment Analysis Model ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Rural Market ◽  
Innovative Capability ◽  
Policy Suggestions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The technical innovation efficiency of farmer professional cooperatives has a far-reaching impact on the economic transformation and development in rural China, but it has been rarely studied. Addressing this gap, this article builds an index evaluating system for the technical innovation efficiency of provinces through a three-stage data envelopment analysis model that measures the relative efficiency of the technical innovation of cooperatives in China’s thirty-one provinces. The results show that the Eastern and Central provinces in China are more efficient than the Western provinces in terms of the technical innovation efficiency of farmer professional cooperatives. However, due to the lack of sustainable innovative capability of these cooperatives, investment redundancy is common in technical innovation. Besides, the impact of the external technology environment on the technical innovation of provincial farmer professional cooperatives is significant, and the scale of the rural market greatly incentivizes the cooperative technical innovation. Some policy suggestions are accordingly proposed.

scholarly journals Impact of Media Reports and Environmental Pollution on Health and Health Expenditure Efficiency

Healthcare ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Li ◽  
Chiu ◽  
Chen ◽  
Lin
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Media Report ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Energy Environment ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than

Over the past few decades, China’s rapid economic, energy, and industrial developments have caused serious environmental damage. However, as there are large resource, energy use, economic, and environmental damage differences across Chinese regions, the Chinese government is seeking to reduce city pollution across the country. Most previous analyses have only looked at these issues on a single level; for example, the impact of environmental pollution on health, or energy and environmental efficiency analyses, but there have been few studies that have conducted overall analyses. Further, many of the methods that have been used in previous research have employed one-stage radial or non-radial analyses without considering regional differences. Therefore, this paper developed a meta undesirable two-stage EBM DEA model to analyze the energy, environment, health, and media communication efficiencies in 31 Chinese cities, from which it was found that the productivity efficiency in most cities was better than the health treatment efficiencies, the GDP and fixed asset efficiency improvements were small, the air quality index (AQI) and CO2 efficiencies varied widely between the cities, media report and governance inputs were generally inefficient, the birth rate efficiencies were better than the respiratory disease efficiencies, and the technical gap was best in Guangzhou, Shanghai, and Lhasa. Also, it found that high-income cities have a higher technology gap than upper middle–income cities, and media reports efficiency have a high correlation with respiratory diseases and CO2.

scholarly journals A dynamic power-law sexual network model of gonorrhoea outbreaks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilith K Whittles ◽  
Peter J White ◽  
Xavier Didelot
Keyword(s):  
Network Model ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Power Law Distribution ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Dynamic Network Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

AbstractHuman networks of sexual contacts are dynamic by nature, with partnerships forming and breaking continuously over time. Sexual behaviours are also highly heterogeneous, so that the number of partners reported by individuals over a given period of time is typically distributed as a power-law. Both the dynamism and heterogeneity of sexual partnerships are likely to have an effect in the patterns of spread of sexually transmitted diseases. To represent these two fundamental properties of sexual networks, we developed a stochastic process of dynamic partnership formation and dissolution, which results in power-law numbers of partners over time. Model parameters can be set to produce realistic conditions in terms of the exponent of the power-law distribution, of the number of individuals without relationships and of the average duration of relationships. Using an outbreak of antibiotic resistant gonorrhoea amongst men have sex with men as a case study, we show that our realistic dynamic network exhibits different properties compared to the frequently used static networks or homogeneous mixing models. We also consider an approximation to our dynamic network model in terms of a much simpler branching process. We estimate the parameters of the generation time distribution and offspring distribution which can be used for example in the context of outbreak reconstruction based on genomic data. Finally, we investigate the impact of a range of interventions against gonorrhoea, including increased condom use, more frequent screening and immunisation, concluding that the latter shows great promise to reduce the burden of gonorrhoea, even if the vaccine was only partially effective or applied to only a random subset of the population.

scholarly journals The Energy Efficiency and the Impact of Air Pollution on Health in China

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianhui He ◽  
Yung-ho Chiu ◽  
Tzu-Han Chang ◽  
Tai-Yu Lin ◽  
Zebin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Data Envelopment Analysis Model ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
The Past ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
China’S Economy

The rapid growth of China’s economy in recent years has greatly improved its citizens’ living standards, but economic growth consumes many various energy sources as well as produces harmful air pollution. Nitrogen oxides, SO2 (sulfur dioxide), and other polluting gases are damaging the environment and people’s health, with a particular spike in incidences of many air pollution-related diseases in recent years. While there have been many documents discussing China’s energy and environmental issues in the past, few of them analyze economic development, air pollution, and residents’ health together. Therefore, this study uses the modified undesirable dynamic two-stage DEA (data envelopment analysis) model to explore the economic, environmental, and health efficiencies of 30 provinces in China. The empirical results show the following: (1) Most provinces have lower efficiency values in the health stage than in the production stage. (2) Among the provinces with annual efficiency values below 1, their energy consumption, CO2 (carbon dioxide), and NOx (nitrogen oxide) efficiency values have mostly declined from 2013 to 2016, while their SO2 efficiency values have increased (less SO2 emissions). (3) The growth rate of SO2 efficiency in 2016 for 10 provinces is much higher than in previous years. (4) The health expenditure efficiencies of most provinces are at a lower level and show room for improvement. (5) In most provinces, the mortality rate is higher, but on a decreasing trend. (6) Finally, as representative for a typical respiratory infection, most provinces have a high level of tuberculosis efficiency, indicating that most areas of China are highly effective at respiratory disease governance.

scholarly journals MEASURING EFFICIENCY OF A UNIVERSITY FACULTY USING A HIERARCHICAL NETWORK DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS MODEL

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosmaini Kashim ◽  
Maznah Mat Kasim ◽  
Rosshairy Abd Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Data Envelopment Analysis Model ◽  
Network Data ◽  
University Faculty ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Dea Model ◽  
Network Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
The Impact

An efficiency measurement model of a university faculty is proposed with additional new sub-functions that produce new output variables, based on the network Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model for systems with a hierarchical structure.For production systems composed of hierarchical processes, the system efficiency is well represented as the aggregated performance of the components involved in the system. It is identified that the conventional DEA model ignores internal process activities in a university. Therefore, an improved DEA model based on a network structure that accounts for more activities in a university is proposed to measure its overall efficiency. The impact of major functions of a university are taken into account to represent the output variables in assessing the efficiency. Currently, collaboration activities have been given more attention, so, this variable is suggested as a new output for the hierarchical production system. In order to show the practicality of the model, a hypothetical set of data of 14 faculties has been used as a numerical example. The results show that none of the faculties is relatively efficient since its functions were found to be inefficient. The proposed model enables to help the management of university faculties to identify weaknesses of each function and thus to plan for suitable actions on improving the overall performance of the university.  

Bank supply chain efficiency analysis based on regional heterogeneity: a data-driven empirical study

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Jiang ◽  
Mingjun Li ◽  
Panpan Xia
Keyword(s):  
Relative Efficiency ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
Data Envelopment Analysis Model ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Regional Heterogeneity ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

PurposeBanking is the key industry to guarantee the core leading role of finance in the process of economic development. It is important to study the bank efficiency and optimal allocation of bank’s resources. The purpose of our paper is to study the optimal allocation of resources between the bank savings system and loan system under the premise of environmental heterogeneity.Design/methodology/approachWe use a two-stage meta-frontier Data Envelopment Analysis model to solve the relative efficiency of each city branch and use the multivariate statistical tools to analyze the empirical results.FindingsThis paper measures the relative efficiency of 16 Bank Branches of a state-owned bank in Anhui province considering regional heterogeneity. Based on the optimal resource allocation, we get the two-stage operation performance of all banks under group-frontier and meta-frontier and analyze the impact of the technical differences between the branches.Originality/valueThis study has a positive guiding significance for the banking industry to improve its operational efficiency in various business practices in the new era of big data. It will also provide practical suggestions and support for the government and relevant departments in the process of formulating macro-policies to ensure the healthy and stable development of the banking industry.

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