scholarly journals Recovery of Mineral Oil from Underground Electrical Cables

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (13) ◽  
pp. 2357
Author(s):  
Stefano Caimi ◽  
Claudio Colombo ◽  
Raffaele Ferrari ◽  
Giuseppe Storti ◽  
Massimo Morbidelli
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Insulating Paper ◽  
Electrical Cables ◽  
Inner Channel

To remove the mineral oil impregnating the insulating paper present in old, disconnected, underground electrical cables, which represents a threat to the environment, two approaches are investigated at laboratory (1 m) and pilot (10 m) scales. The first one involves in situ polymerization to clog the inner channel of the cables and to enable the washing of the outer paper region impregnated by the oil by axial flow of a displacing fluid (water). The second approach leaves the inner channel open and employs repeated cycles of pressurization and rest to displace the oil contained in the paper by radially pushing the water from the inner channel into the outer layers. The pressurization and rest times were optimized to obtain the highest oil extraction rate. While the first approach showed limitations in terms of required pressures and operating time, which increase with the length of the cables, the second one was effective at removing 97% of the oil impregnating the paper layers within 25 cycles. Even more relevant, this second solution, in contrast to the first one, can be easily scaled up as it does not depend on the length of the cable, and was successfully tested on a 10 m cable, showing 98% oil recovery.

ASSESSMENT OF OIL WELL PRODUCTIVITY IN LOW-PERMEABILITY RESERVOIRS IN THE FIELDS OF EASTERN SIBERIA

2017 ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
R. V. Urvantsev ◽  
S. E. Cheban
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Development Costs ◽  
Traditional Fields ◽  
Low Permeability Reservoirs

The 21st century witnessed the development of the oil extraction industry in Russia due to the intensifica- tion of its production at the existing traditional fields of Western Siberia, the Volga region and other oil-extracting regions, and due discovering new oil and gas provinces. At that time the path to the development of fields in Eastern Siberia was already paved. The large-scale discoveries of a number of fields made here in the 70s-80s of the 20th century are only being developed now. The process of development itself is rather slow in view of a number of reasons. Create a problem of high cost value of oil extraction in the region. One of the major tasks is obtaining the maximum oil recovery factor while reducing the development costs. The carbonate layer lying within the Katangsky suite is low-permeability, and its inventories are categorised as hard to recover. Now, the object is at a stage of trial development,which foregrounds researches on selecting the effective methods of oil extraction.

Improvement in mechanical, physical and biological properties of eucalyptus and pine woods by raw pine resin in situ polymerization

2021 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 113495
Author(s):  
Andrey Pereira Acosta ◽  
Kelvin Techera Barbosa ◽  
Sandro Campos Amico ◽  
André Luiz Missio ◽  
Rafael de Avila Delucis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Pine Resin

Juvenile and Mature Pinewoods Treated by in situ Polymerization with Poly(vinyl acetate)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Acosta ◽  
Ezequiel Gallio ◽  
Paula Zanatta ◽  
Henrique Schulz ◽  
Rafael de Avila Delucis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
In Situ Polymerization

scholarly journals Morphology and crystallization kinetics of Rubber-modified Nylon 6 Prepared by Anionic In-situ Polymerization

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 204-215
Author(s):  
Hongkai Zhao ◽  
Dengchao Zhang ◽  
Yingshuang Li
Keyword(s):  
Crystallization Kinetics ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Good Description ◽  
Nylon 6 ◽  
Avrami Equation ◽  
Infrared Analysis ◽  
Chain Segment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractIn this work, we modified nylon 6 with liquid rubber by in-situ polymerization. The infrared analysis suggested that HDI urea diketone is successfully blocked by caprolactam after grafting on hydroxyl of HTPB, and the rubber-modified nylon copolymer is generated by the anionic polymerization. The impact section analysis indicated the rubber-modified nylon 6 resin exhibited an alpha crystal form.With an increase in the rubber content, nylon 6 was more likely to generate stable α crystal. Avrami equation was a good description of the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of nylon-6 and rubber-modified nylon-6 resin. Moreover, it is found that the initial crystallization temperature of nylon-6 chain segment decreased due to the flexible rubber chain segment. n value of rubber-modified nylon-6 indicated that its growth was the coexistence of two-dimensional discoid and three-dimensional spherulite growth. Finally, the addition of the rubber accelerated the crystallization rate of nylon 6.

scholarly journals Effect of Na- and Organo-Modified Montmorillonite/Essential Oil Nanohybrids on the Kinetics of the In Situ Radical Polymerization of Styrene

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 474
Author(s):  
Ioannis S. Tsagkalias ◽  
Alexandra Loukidi ◽  
Stella Chatzimichailidou ◽  
Constantinos E. Salmas ◽  
Aris E. Giannakas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Radical Polymerization ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Monomer Conversion ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Modified Montmorillonite ◽  
Kinetics Of

The great concern about the use of hazardous additives in food packaging materials has shown the way to new bio-based materials, such as nanoclays incorporating bioactive essential oils (EO). One of the still unresolved issues is the proper incorporation of these materials into a polymeric matrix. The in situ polymerization seems to be a promising technique, not requiring high temperatures or toxic solvents. Therefore, in this study, the bulk radical polymerization of styrene was investigated in the presence of sodium montmorillonite (NaMMT) and organo-modified montmorillonite (orgMMT) including thyme (TO), oregano (OO), and basil (BO) essential oil. It was found that the hydroxyl groups present in the main ingredients of TO and OO may participate in side retardation reactions leading to lower polymerization rates (measured gravimetrically by the variation of monomer conversion with time) accompanied by higher polymer average molecular weight (measured via GPC). The use of BO did not seem to affect significantly the polymerization kinetics and polymer MWD. These results were verified from independent experiments using model compounds, thymol, carvacrol and estragol instead of the clays. Partially intercalated structures were revealed from XRD scans. The glass transition temperature (from DSC) and the thermal stability (from TGA) of the nanocomposites formed were slightly increased from 95 to 98 °C and from 435 to 445 °C, respectively. Finally, better dispersion was observed when orgMMT was added instead of NaMMT.

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