scholarly journals Effect of Music Listening on Physiological Condition, Mental Workload, and Driving Performance with Consideration of Driver Temperament

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 2766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiying Wen ◽  
N. N. Sze ◽  
Qiang Zeng ◽  
Sangen Hu
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Rock Music ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Driving Under The Influence ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Driver Education ◽  
Music Genre

This paper presents the study on the association between in-vehicle music listening, physiological and psychological response, and driving performance, using the driving simulator approach, with which personality (temperament) was considered. The performance indicators considered were the standard deviation of speed, lane crossing frequency, perceived mental workload, and mean and variability of heart rate. Additionally, effects of the presence of music and music genre (light music versus rock music) were considered. Twenty participants of different personalities (in particular five, four, seven, and four being choleric, sanguine, phlegmatic, and melancholic, respectively) completed a total of 60 driving simulator tests. Results of mixed analysis of variance (M-ANOVA) indicated that the effects of music genre and driver character on driving performance were significant. The arousal level perceived mental workload, standard deviation of speed, and frequency of lane crossing were higher when driving under the influence of rock music than that when driving under the influence of light music or an absence of music. Additionally, phlegmatic drivers generally had lower arousal levels and choleric drivers had a greater mental workload and were more likely distracted by music listening. Such findings should imply the development of cost-effective driver education, training, and management measures that could mitigate driver distraction. Therefore, the safety awareness and safety performance of drivers could be enhanced.

scholarly journals Effects of Smoking Cannabis on Visual Function and Driving Performance. A Driving-Simulator Based Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 9033
Author(s):  
Sonia Ortiz-Peregrina ◽  
Carolina Ortiz ◽  
José J. Castro-Torres ◽  
José R. Jiménez ◽  
Rosario G. Anera
Keyword(s):  
Visual Function ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Driving Under The Influence ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Baseline Session ◽  
Visual Effects ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Car Driving

Cannabis is the most widely used illegal drug in the world. Limited information about the effects of cannabis on visual function is available, and more detail about the possible impact of visual effects on car driving is required. This study investigated the effects of smoking cannabis on vision and driving performance, and whether these effects are correlated. Twenty drivers and occasional users were included (mean (SE) age, 23.3 (1.0) years; five women). Vision and simulated driving performance were evaluated in a baseline session and after smoking cannabis. Under the influence of cannabis, certain visual functions such as visual acuity (p < 0.001), contrast sensitivity (p = 0.004) and stereoacuity (far, p < 0.001; near, p = 0.013) worsened. In addition, there was an overall deterioration of driving performance, with the task of keeping the vehicle in the lane proving more difficult (p < 0.05). A correlation analysis showed significant associations between driving performance and visual function. Thus, the strongest correlations were found between the distance driven onto the shoulder and stereoacuity, for near (ρ = 0.504; p = 0.001) and far distances (ρ = 0.408; p = 0.011). This study provides the first evidence to show that the visual effects of cannabis could impact driving performance, compromising driving safety. The results indicate that information and awareness campaigns are essential for reducing the incidence of driving under the influence of cannabis.

Sex Differences in Driving Performance

1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger E. Hagen
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Psychomotor Performance ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Performance Data ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Driver Education ◽  
Sex Risk ◽  
Sex Type ◽  
Discriminant Analyses

Sex differences in the psychomotor performance characteristics of 89 male and 74 female licensed drivers were evaluated through the use of a driving simulator. Thirteen measurements of steering input, accelerator input, speed maintenance, and lateral placement were made. Data were subjected to a series of multiple discriminant analyses. Discrimination was found between sex groupings, sex/violation groupings, sex/accident groups, sex/driving exposure groupings, sex/type of driving groupings, sex/risk groupings, and sex/driver education groupings. Since basic differences were demonstrated, aspects of the transportation system, such as accident countermeasure efforts and driver education programs which have been primarily developed on the basis of male driving performance data, might be in need of re-evaluation.

Voice Control Tasks on Cognitive Workload and Driving Performance: Implications of Modality, Difficulty, and Duration

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (37) ◽  
pp. 84-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika E. Miller ◽  
Linda Ng Boyle ◽  
James W. Jenness ◽  
John D. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Cognitive Workload ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Task Duration ◽  
Voice Control ◽  
Detection Response ◽  
Response Task

The effects of an in-vehicle voice control system (VCS) on cognitive workload and driving performance were evaluated using a driving simulator study with 24 participants. Participants were asked to perform two types of in-vehicle tasks while driving: voice-command based radio and navigation tasks. The tasks were of two difficulty levels (easy, hard) with half of the tasks audio only and the other half audio with a visual display. Cognitive workload was measured using a tactile detection response task (TDRT) and a revised remote detection response task (RDRT). Driving performance was measured using standard deviation of lateral position (SDLP) and standard deviation of vehicle speed. An analysis of covariance for standard deviation of speed was used to examine the effects of VCS display with task duration as the covariate. Three separate mixed models were used to evaluate the variation in SDLP, response time, and misses given VCS tasks and detection response task (DRT) type. No significant differences were observed between TDRT and RDRT, suggesting both methods capture congruent measures of workload and that neither interfere with driving performance. Engagement with each hybrid VCS task was significantly associated with an increase in DRT misses above baseline driving. Additionally, hybrid display tasks had larger variations in vehicle speed and were completed more quickly than equivalent audio only tasks. Increasing values of task duration were associated with greater variation in lateral vehicle position. The results of this study suggest that design of VCSs should consider the modality, temporal components, and difficulty of tasks to reduce cognitive load.

Transfer Effectiveness of a Driving Simulator

1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvin L. Baron ◽  
Robert C. Williges
Keyword(s):  
Education Program ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Automobile Driving ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Road Test ◽  
Driver Education ◽  
Driving Experience

Forty student drivers received various amounts of driving simulator and film-only pretraining to determine the transfer effectiveness of open-loop simulation using passive instructors in a driver education program. To measure the effects of previous driving experience, the simulator performance of eight licensed drivers was compared to the student drivers. Early in simulation, licensed drivers exhibited reliably better steering performance than the 6-hr. simulation pretraining students, but the reverse was true late in simulation. Six hr. of pretraining yielded significantly better transfer in terms of overall automobile driving performance on a McGlade Road Test than 3 hr. of pretraining regardless of whether the pretraining included instructional films alone or films used in conjunction with simulators. A component analysis of the first hour of driving performance revealed that the 6-hr. pretraining groups were superior to the 3-hr. group on a procedures dimension. In addition, the film-only pretraining groups were superior to the simulator groups in terms of a steering dimension during the first hour of transfer. Implications of these results are discussed in terms of improving simulators used in driver education.

Introducing Multimodal Sliding Index: Qualitative Feedback, Perceived Workload, and Driving Performance with an Auditory Enhanced Menu Navigation Method

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruta R. Sardesai ◽  
Thomas M. Gable ◽  
Bruce N. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Device ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Audio Cues ◽  
Qualitative Feedback ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Driving Task ◽  
Perceived Workload ◽  
New Type ◽  
Navigation Method

Using auditory menus on a mobile device has been studied in depth with standard flicking, as well as wheeling and tapping interactions. Here, we introduce and evaluate a new type of interaction with auditory menus, intended to speed up movement through a list. This multimodal “sliding index” was compared to use of the standard flicking interaction on a phone, while the user was also engaged in a driving task. The sliding index was found to require less mental workload than flicking. What’s more, the way participants used the sliding index technique modulated their preferences, including their reactions to the presence of audio cues. Follow-on work should study how sliding index use evolves with practice.

Effects of Individual Differences, Attention, and Memory Deficits on Driver Distraction

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1196-1201
Author(s):  
Alejandro A. Arca ◽  
Kaitlin M. Stanford ◽  
Mustapha Mouloua
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Driver Distraction ◽  
Phone Call ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Adhd Diagnosis ◽  
Simulated Driving

The current study was designed to empirically examine the effects of individual differences in attention and memory deficits on driver distraction. Forty-eight participants consisting of 37 non-ADHD and 11 ADHD drivers were tested in a medium fidelity GE-ISIM driving simulator. All participants took part in a series of simulated driving scenarios involving both high and low traffic conditions in conjunction with completing a 20-Questions task either by text- message or phone-call. Measures of UFOV, simulated driving, heart rate variability, and subjective (NASA TLX) workload performance were recorded for each of the experimental tasks. It was hypothesized that ADHD diagnosis, type of cellular distraction, and traffic density would affect driving performance as measured by driving performance, workload assessment, and physiological measures. Preliminary results indicated that ADHD diagnosis, type of cellular distraction, and traffic density affected the performance of the secondary task. These results provide further evidence for the deleterious effects of cellphone use on driver distraction, especially for drivers who are diagnosed with attention-deficit and memory capacity deficits. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed, and directions for future research are also presented.

scholarly journals Driving Performance and Its Correlation with Neuropsychological Tests in Senior Drivers with Cognitive Impairment in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 1575-1587
Author(s):  
Zhouyuan Peng ◽  
Hiroyuki Nishimoto ◽  
Ayae Kinoshita
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Impaired Driving ◽  
Dementia Patients ◽  
Neuropsychological Factors ◽  
Senior Drivers

Background: With the rapid aging of the population, the issue of driving by dementia patients has been causing increasing concern worldwide. Objective: To investigate the driving difficulties faced by senior drivers with cognitive impairment and identify the specific neuropsychological tests that can reflect specific domains of driving maneuvers. Methods: Senior drivers with cognitive impairment were investigated. Neuropsychological tests and a questionnaire on demographic and driving characteristics were administered. Driving simulator tests were used to quantify participants’ driving errors in various domains of driving. Results: Of the 47 participants, 23 current drivers, though they had better cognitive functions than 24 retired drivers, were found to have impaired driving performance in the domains of Reaction, Starting and stopping, Signaling, and Overall (wayfinding and accidents). The parameters of Reaction were significantly related to the diagnosis, and the scores of MMSE, TMT-A, and TMT-B. As regards details of the driving errors, “Sudden braking” was associated with the scores of MMSE (ρ= –0.707, p < 0.01), BDT (ρ= –0.560, p < 0.05), and ADAS (ρ= 0.758, p < 0.01), “Forgetting to use turn signals” with the TMT-B score (ρ= 0.608, p < 0.05), “Centerline crossings” with the scores of MMSE (ρ= –0.582, p < 0.05) and ADAS (ρ= 0.538, p < 0.05), and “Going the wrong way” was correlated with the score of CDT (ρ= –0.624, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Different neuropsychological factors serve as predictors of different specific driving maneuvers segmented from driving performance.

Driving Performance Deficits Despite Concussion Symptom Resolution: A Case Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole L. Hoffman ◽  
Hannes Devos ◽  
Julianne D. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Male College Student ◽  
Performance Deficits ◽  
Male College ◽  
Complex Attention

Driving performance prior to concussion is not commonly available to help clinicians identify when deficits return to a preinjury status. This case report examines driving performance prior to and following concussion in a 20-year-old male college student. He initially volunteered as a control for a separate driving performance study. He sustained a concussion 18 months later, and was asked to complete the same driving tasks as previous testing once he was asymptomatic. Poor driving simulator performance and subtle cognitive deficits in complex attention and processing speed were evident despite being symptom-free. Our findings may be useful when considering readiness to drive postconcussion.

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