scholarly journals Hospitalization Services Utilization Between Permanent and Migrant Females in Underdeveloped Rural Regions and Contributing Factors—A Five-Time Data Collection and Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaotong Wen ◽  
Huilie Zheng ◽  
Zhenyi Feng ◽  
Winter Tucker ◽  
Yuanan Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Services Utilization ◽  
Complex Sampling ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis

The proportion of migrating females has increased, and more often, old females are left in rural regions. Resources are needed to provide suitable hospitalization service to females in underdeveloped rural regions. Using multi-stage hierarchical cluster random sampling method, nine towns from three counties were enrolled in five-time points between 2006 and 2014 in this study. The research subjects of this study were females age 15 and up. Data regarding the utilization of inpatient services were collected and analyzed. Complex sampling logistic regression was conducted to analyze influencing factors. This study reveals that for both permanent females and migrant females, the older their age, the higher their hospitalization rate. The utilization of hospitalization service for permanent females was associated with the occurrence of chronic diseases (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) = 5.402). In addition, permanent females suffering from chronic diseases were more likely to avoid hospitalization despite their doctor’s advice (aOR = 34.657) or leave the hospital early against medical advice (AMA) (aOR = 10.009). Interventions to combat chronic diseases and adjust compensation schemes for permanent females need to be provided.

scholarly journals Study on the Utilization of Inpatient Services for Middle-Aged and Elderly Rural Females in Less Developed Regions of China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaotong Wen ◽  
Lanyue Cui ◽  
Fang Yuan ◽  
Xiaojun Liu ◽  
Mufeng Ouyang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Early Discharge ◽  
Inpatient Service ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Complex Sampling ◽  
Inpatient Services ◽  
Medical Policy

The aim of this study is to understand the utilization of inpatient services and its contributing factors among middle-aged and elderly females (MAEF) in less developed rural regions. Five surveys were conducted between 2006 and 2014 with rural residents of Jiangxi by stratified cluster random sampling. Participant females included only those who were aged 45 and above. Complex sampling logistics analysis was performed to analyze the effect of three factors on inpatient service. Complex sampling logistics regression analysis revealed that the probability of hospitalization for the divorced or widowed females was significantly lower than that of married ones (aOR = 0.177, p < 0.05). However, the probability of early discharge was significantly higher among divorced or widowed females than married ones (aOR = 3.237, p < 0.05). In addition, females with chronic diseases were more likely to be hospitalized (aOR = 3.682, p < 0.05). Also, early discharge (aOR = 7.689, p < 0.05) occurred among the participants who should be hospitalized but were not hospitalized occurred (aOR = 3.258, p < 0.05). The continuous improvement of the new rural cooperative medical policy has promoted the utilization of inpatient services for the MAEF. Findings from this study emphasize the need to strengthen the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases among middle-aged and elderly women.

493 Evaluation of Patient Waiting Times for Plain Radiographs Whilst Attending Outpatient Clinics in A Tertiary Orthopaedic Centre

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Hayat ◽  
E Kinene ◽  
S Molloy
Keyword(s):  
Waiting Time ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Outpatient Clinics ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Mean Waiting Time ◽  
Appointment Time ◽  
Related Stress

Abstract Introduction Reduction of waiting times is key to delivering high quality, efficient health care. Delays experienced by patients requiring radiographs in orthopaedic outpatient clinics are well recognised. Method To establish current patient and staff satisfaction, questionnaires were circulated over a two-week period. Waiting time data was retrospectively collected including appointment time, arrival time and the time at which radiographs were taken. Results 84% (n = 16) of radiographers believed patients would be dissatisfied. However, of the 296 patients questioned, 56% (n = 165) were satisfied. Most patients (89%) felt the waiting time should be under 30 minutes. Only 36% were seen in this time frame. There was moderate negative correlation (R=-0.5); higher waiting times led to increased dissatisfaction. Mean waiting time was 00:37 and the maximum 02:48. Key contributing factors included volume of patients, staff shortages (73.7%), equipment shortages (57.9%) and incorrectly filled request forms. Eight (42.1%) had felt unwell from work related stress. Conclusions A concerted effort is needed to improve staff and patient opinion. There is scope for change post COVID. Additional training and exploring ways to avoid overburdening the department would benefit. Numerous patients were open to different days or alternative sites. Funding requirements make updating equipment, expanding the department and recruiting more staff challenging.

Extended-Time Conductivity Testing of Proppants Used for Multi-Stage Horizontal Completions

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Mark Pearson ◽  
Christopher A. Green ◽  
Mark McGill ◽  
David Milton-Tayler
Keyword(s):  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
Late Time ◽  
Extended Time ◽  
Economic Optimization ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Fracture Conductivity ◽  
White Sand ◽  
Productive Life ◽  
Well Completion ◽  
Multi Stage

Abstract The American Petroleum Institute Recommended Practice 19-D (2018) is the current industry standard for conductivity testing of proppants used in hydraulic fracturing. Similar to previous standards from both the API and ISO, it continues the practice of measuring a "reference" long-term conductivity after 50-hours of time at a given stress. The fracture design engineer is then left to estimate a damage factor to apply over the life of the well completion based on correlations or experience. This study takes four standard proppants used for multi-stage horizontal well completions in North America and presents test data over 250-days of "extended-time" at 7,500 psi of effective stress. The API RP 19-D procedure was followed for all testing, but extended for 250-days duration for the four proppant types: 40/70 mesh mono-crystalline "White" sand, 40/70 mesh multi-crystalline "Brown" sand, 100 mesh "Brown" sand, and 40/70 mesh Light Weight Ceramic (LWC). The 7,500 psi stress condition was chosen to replicate initial stress conditions for a 10,000 feet deep well with a 0.75 psi/ft fracture gradient - typical of unconventional resource plays such as the Bakken formation of North Dakota or the Delaware Basin in west Texas. Results presented provide a measure of the amount of damage occurring in the proppant pack due to time at stress. To the authors’ knowledge, there has never been any extended-time conductivity data published for multiple proppant types over the timeframe completed in this study - despite the obvious need for this understanding to optimize the stimulation design over the full life of the well. Results for the four proppant types are presented as conductivity curves as a function of time for the 250-days of testing. Pack degradation is shown to follow a semi-log decline. Late time continued degradation for all materials is extrapolated over the life of a typical well (40 years), and compared to extended-time particle size distribution and crush data to explain the results observed. Extended-time data such as this 250-day study have never been published on proppants such as these despite the fact that fracture conductivity has a major impact on the productive life of a well and the ultimate recovery of hydrocarbons from the formation. The data presented should be of great interest to any engineer involved with completion designs, or reservoir engineers assessing the productive life and ultimate recovery in the formation since economic optimization is primarily driven by the interplay of fracture length/area with extended-time in-situ fracture conductivity.

PP103 A Comparative Study Of Catastrophic Health Expenditure In China

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (S1) ◽  
pp. 57-57
Author(s):  
Xuemei Zhen ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Xiaoqian Hu ◽  
Shuyan Gu ◽  
Yuanyuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
Catastrophic Health Expenditure ◽  
Cluster Method ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Qinghai Province ◽  
Multi Stage

IntroductionChina has made great achievements in health insurance coverage and healthcare financing. Nonetheless, the rate of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) in China was 13 percent in 2008, which is higher than in some other countries. There are differences among the provinces in China in terms of the lifestyles, customs, prevalent medical conditions, and health consciousness of their populations. This study aimed to compare the proportion of households with CHE and the factors influencing this expenditure between the Zhejiang and Qinghai province in China.MethodsData were derived from household surveys conducted in Zhejiang and Qinghai. Sampling was based on a multi-stage, stratified random cluster method. Households with CHE were defined as those with an out-of-pocket payment for health care that was at least 40 percent of the household income. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the factors associated with CHE.ResultsA total of 1,598 households were included: 995 in Zhejiang and 603 in Qinghai. The average rates of CHE in Zhejiang and Qinghai were 10 percent and 31 percent, respectively. The economic status of a household influenced the likelihood of experiencing CHE; households headed by an employed person were less likely to experience CHE. In contrast, households that included outpatients or individuals with chronic diseases had a higher risk of experiencing CHE across the two provinces. Poorer or uninsured households in Zhejiang were more likely to experience CHE, as were households in Qinghai that included outpatients or were headed by a person from a minority nationality.ConclusionsThis study highlighted the importance of promoting economic development, expanding employment, and adjusting policies to better protect individuals with chronic diseases and outpatients from the risk of CHE. The Chinese government should pay more attention to actual conditions in different provinces to ensure that policy decisions incorporate local knowledge.

Cognitive Manager for Hierarchical Cluster Networks Based on Multi-Stage Machine Method

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Malon ◽  
Pawel Skokowski ◽  
Piotr Marszalek ◽  
Jan M. Kelner ◽  
Jerzy Lopatka
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Machine Method ◽  
Cluster Networks ◽  
Multi Stage

Studying the process of information selection in manuals

1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Ummelen
Keyword(s):  
Time Data ◽  
Thinking Aloud ◽  
Information Selection ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Sentence Reading ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
New Research ◽  
Further Development

Research instruments for studying information selection in manuals should meet several goals at the same time. First of all, they should accurately register relevant data, such as selected information, selection moments, and reading times. They should also enable the reader to use both the manual and the accompanying product in a natural way. And finally, both data collection and analysis should not be too time-consuming or expensive. In this paper, four research instruments that may be used for studying selection processes in manuals are described and evaluated with respect to these three requirements. Three of them are well-known from other research domains: recording sentence reading times by button presses, methods of eye movement registration and the thinking aloud technique. The fourth, called the click & read method, was recently developed for studying the use of procedural and declarative information in software manuals. This instrument presents the manual in a paper layout on a large screen. The text is presented in blocks of comparable length and is initially blurred. Non-blurred headings above the blocks enable readers to select a block and sharpen it by clicking on it. These clicks are recorded and thus provide selection and time data. The evaluation shows that none of the four instruments is suitable for all research questions about manual use: instruments should be carefully chosen for specific research questions. Then again, all techniques have their advantages and disadvantages, some of which we are not yet certain about. Therefore, the paper concludes by arguing that a thorough analysis, comparison and further development of available and new research instruments is necessary to further facilitate and improve studies of information selection and processing

Central-East European banks will weather COVID-19 hit

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
East European ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Debt Finance ◽  
European Banking ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
European Banks ◽  
Green Investment

Significance Lockdowns to contain the spread of COVID-19 have slowed economic activity. Throughout Central, Eastern and South-eastern Europe (CESEE), there were major portfolio outflows in March; non-performing loan (NPL) ratios are expected to worsen in the coming months. Meanwhile, banks have stepped in, both to support household and commercial borrowers in distress, and to provide much-needed government debt finance. Impacts Banks in CEE will continue to play a crucial role in managing the economic impact of the pandemic. Pan-European banking projects begun before the pandemic such as support for digitalisation, innovation and green investment will accelerate. The crisis has reinforced the need for real-time data collection and analysis for bank operations and supervision.

scholarly journals Utilization of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Multiethnic Population: The Malaysian Cohort Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 2515690X1876594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noraidatulakma Abdullah ◽  
Boekhtiar Borhanuddin ◽  
Afzan Effiza Abdul Patah ◽  
Mohd Shaharom Abdullah ◽  
Andri Dauni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Multiethnic Population ◽  
Lower Education

Background. This study aimed to identify the factors of CAM usage for general health and to determine the factors associated with the usage of different types of CAM after the diagnosis of chronic diseases among The Malaysian Cohort participants. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study derived from The Malaysian Cohort (TMC) project, a prospective population-based cohort aged between 35 to 65 years old that recruited from April 2006 to September 2012. Association between the CAM usage and contributing factors were determined via logistic regression. Results. The sample were mostly female (58.1%), Malays (43.1%), came from urban (71.9%), aged 44 years and below (26.8%) and had secondary education (45.9%). The prevalence of CAM usage varied across diseases; 62.8% in cancer patients, 53.3% in hypercholesterolemia, 49.4% in hypertensives and 48.6% in diabetics. General CAM usage was greater among female (OR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.49, 1.59), Chinese (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.19), those with higher education (OR: 3.12, 95% CI: 3.00, 3.25), urban residents (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.50, 1.61) and older people (OR ranging from 1.15 to 1.75) while for post-diagnosis of chronic diseases usage, the odds were higher among those with lower education and living in rural areas. Conclusion. Health status, educational level, age, living location and types of chronic diseases were significant factors that influence CAM usage for the intent of either health maintenance or disease treatment. Further exploration on CAM safety and benefit are crucial to minimize the adverse effect and to ensure the efficacy of CAM product.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Waktu Belajar Terhadap Kemampuan Koneksi Matematika Dengan Mengontrol Kemampuan Awal

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Ihwan Zulkarnain ◽  
Muhamad Farhan
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Science Major ◽  
Math Problems ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Mathematical Connection

The purpose of this study is to help improve the mathematical connection skills of students who have been different in each class, this is due to differences in learning time between morning and afternoon which is considered very influential especially when studying and working on math problems. The research method used is the research method used is the experimental method by comparing the experimental class as many as 20 students and the control class as many as 20 students. The study was conducted at Senior High of Bogor Center School in the 2017/2018 academic year class XI with a science major. The sampling technique in the study was based on a multi stage random sampling technique, as many as 3 stages (stages), namely: the first stage of choosing a study group (in this study, the regular study group), the second stage choosing the class (study group), and stage the third chooses research subjects (students). The collection of instruments used for data collection of researchers is a test of 10 questions about the description. The data analysis technique uses the t-test. Based on calculations obtained 0.032 <0.05, so it was concluded that the mathematical connection ability of students who study in the morning is significantly higher than students who study during the day, after controlling for students' initial abilities.

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