A Survey of Koreans on Sleep Habits and Sleeping Symptoms Relating to Pillow Comfort and Support

The number of people who complain of sleep disturbances is steadily increasing. An understanding of sleep-related factors is required to address sleep problems. This survey study investigated the sleep habits and sleeping symptoms relating to the comfort and support characteristics of pillows and the relationship between sleep quality and pillow design factors. The study utilized data from 332 participating Korean adults aged 20–76 years (mean age ± SD: males, 40.4 ± 15.2; females, 42.9 ± 15.4). We developed a questionnaire that evaluated sleep habits (sleep duration, bedtime, wake-up time and sleeping position); sleeping symptoms (snoring or coughing, breathing and sleepiness during waking hours) based on the Korean version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-K) questionnaire; and pillow-related factors (support, comfort, fatigue, height and shape) from existing pillow studies. The average sleep duration was 6.8 h, with more than half (52%) of participants sleeping in the supine position. The overall score for sleep quality was considered poor (4.84 points on a seven-point Likert scale), with some degree of sleepiness during waking hours (4.4 points on a seven-point Likert scale). Females went to bed earlier than males and were more likely to sleep in the lateral position compared to males. The number of toss and turn or waking events during sleep increased with age, and older individuals went to sleep earlier and woke up earlier. Among the symptoms of fatigue, pain, discomfort with changing position, snoring, coughing and breathing discomfort, participants reported their highest levels of discomfort due to sleepiness after waking, and they experienced the least head pain. Participants who used a regular-type pillow had poorer satisfaction on multiple comfort and support factors (support, comfort, height suitability, shape suitability) compared with those who used a functional-type pillow. Less head fatigue, less neck fatigue and less shoulder pain had significant effects on sleep quality. To reduce neck fatigue and shoulder pain, designers should consider the height for neck support in the lateral position. To reduce neck fatigue, it is desirable to use materials like latex or memory foam that provide neck support, which can improve sleep quality. The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of sleep habits and characteristics of pillow comfort and provide practical guidelines for better pillow designs.

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Abstract P546: Social Jetlag is Associated With Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Male But Not Female Adolescents

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.141.suppl_1.p546 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Simon Higgins ◽

Lee Stoner ◽

Alex Lubransky ◽

Anna Howe ◽

Jyh Eiin Wong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Sedentary Behaviors ◽

Sleep Habits ◽

Related Factors ◽

Related Data ◽

Social Jetlag ◽

The Relationship

Introduction: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has been highlighted by the AHA as a vital sign that can significantly improve risk classification for adverse health outcomes across the lifespan. While many lifestyle-related factors are known to influence CRF, including physical activity and sedentary behaviors, few have examined the relationship between sleep characteristics and CRF. Social jetlag (SJL), a characteristic of sleep habits that is particularly prevalent in adolescents, is a mismatch between an individual’s circadian clock and sleep schedule. SJL has been associated with adiposity and increased cardiometabolic risk, independent of sleep duration and quality, but has not been associated with CRF. Objective: To quantify the relationship between SJL and CRF, independent of other sleep characteristics. Methods: CRF, anthropometric, and lifestyle-related data were collected from 276 adolescents in Otago, New Zealand (14-18 years, n=145 [52.5%] female). CRF was expressed as VO 2max (ml/kg/min) relative to body weight, estimated from a 20-meter multi-stage shuttle run. Lifestyle-related factors such as physical activity and the number of screens in the bedroom were quantified via an online lifestyle survey. Sleep variables including average sleep duration, sleep disturbances (trouble falling and staying asleep), and SJL were collected using the validated Sleep Habits Survey for Adolescents. SJL was measured as the difference in hours between the midpoint of sleep during week (school) days and on weekend (free) days. Linear regression assessed the association between each sleep outcome and CRF, controlling for (1) age, sex, school decile, fat mass, and the number of screens in the bedroom, and (2) moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity. Stratified analyses examined sex-specific relationships. Results: Mean (SD) VO 2max was greater in males than females (48.47 [7.12] vs. 43.34 [5.62] ml/kg/min, p<.001). Sleep characteristics included a longer average sleep duration (9.48 [.92] vs. 9.19 [1.12] hours, p=.017), a greater occurrence of sleep disturbances (p=.001), and a lower SJL (1.67 [.08] vs. 2.09 [1.12] hours, p=.003) in females relative to their male peers. Multivariate analyses indicated that a one-hour increase in SJL was associated with a .71 ml/kg/min decrease in VO 2max (95% CI: -1.30, -.11), independent of other sleep variables, which were not associated with CRF. Sex-specific models further indicated an association in males (b=-.93, 95% CI: -1.78, -.08), but an inconclusive association for females (b=-.29, 95% CI: -1.15, .57). Conclusions: SJL is negatively associated with CRF, with a more conclusive association in adolescent males, and may be a simple, measurable target for future public health interventions.

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Impact of sound levels and patient-related factors on sleep of patients in the intensive care unit: a cross-sectional cohort study

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-76314-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Piotr F. Czempik ◽

Agnieszka Jarosińska ◽

Krystyna Machlowska ◽

Michał P. Pluta

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Smartphone Application ◽

Sound Level ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sound Levels ◽

The Impact

Abstract Sleep disruption is common in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). The aim of the study was to measure sound levels during sleep-protected time in the ICU, determine sources of sound, assess the impact of sound levels and patient-related factors on duration and quality of patients' sleep. The study was performed between 2018 and 2019. A commercially available smartphone application was used to measure ambient sound levels. Sleep duration was measured using the Patient's Sleep Behaviour Observational Tool. Sleep quality was assessed using the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ). The study population comprised 18 (58%) men and 13 (42%) women. There were numerous sources of sound. The median duration of sleep was 5 (IQR 3.5–5.7) hours. The median score on the RCSQ was 49 (IQR 28–71) out of 100 points. Sound levels were negatively correlated with sleep duration. The cut-off peak sound level, above which sleep duration was shorter than mean sleep duration in the cohort, was 57.9 dB. Simple smartphone applications can be useful to estimate sound levels in the ICU. There are numerous sources of sound in the ICU. Individual units should identify and eliminate their own sources of sound. Sources of sound producing peak sound levels above 57.9 dB may lead to shorter sleep and should be eliminated from the ICU environment. The sound levels had no effect on sleep quality.

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0785 Associations Between Circadian Preference And Sleep-related Thoughts: Data From The 2015 Sleep In America Poll

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.781 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A298-A299

Author(s):

B Jeon ◽

F S Luyster ◽

E R Chasens

Keyword(s):

Sleep Disturbance ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Logistic Models ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Sleep Habits ◽

Circadian Preference ◽

Physical Consequences ◽

The Impact

Abstract Introduction Evening types of sleep tend to have poorer sleep quality and sleep habits than morning types. Maladaptive beliefs or thoughts about sleep can affect one’s sleep and may differ between evening and morning types. We examined the association between the circadian preference and sleep-related thoughts in U.S adults. Methods A secondary analysis used survey data from the 2015 National Sleep Foundation’s Sleep in America Poll. Questions included normal bedtime and wake-up time for week/work days and weekend/non-work days. Circadian preference was determined by midpoint of sleep calculated as midpoint of sleep on weekends corrected for average nightly sleep duration. Participants were excluded if their sleep midpoint was from noon to midnight. Midpoint of sleep was divided into two groups using median split (“earlier” vs. “later”). Sleep-related thoughts were “worry about getting a good sleep”, “overwhelming thoughts about getting enough sleep”, “motivation to get sleep”, and “concern about serious physical consequences due to poor sleep”; responded often/always or extremely to somewhat for these items were coded as maladaptive. Logistic regression analysis controlling for socio-demographics, sleep duration, and sleep disturbance (PROMIS Scale; higher scores = greater sleep disturbance) was conducted to examine the relationships between midpoint of sleep and sleep-related thoughts. Results The sample (N = 1011) was primarily White (73.6%), male (50.9%), college educated (62.2%), married/partnered (67.6%) with a mean age of 51.65 ± 17.05 years. Mean midpoint of sleep in “earlier” type was 2:33AM and 5:29AM in “later” type. “Later” type had shorter sleep duration on weekdays and longer sleep duration on weekends than “earlier” type (p < .01), but average sleep duration was similar between two types. “Later” type had more “worry” and “overwhelming thoughts” (p < .05) about sleep. In logistic models, midpoint of sleep was significant only for “concern” (p = .02). Conclusion In this study, late chronotype was associated with increased sleep disturbances and greater variability in sleep duration. The relationship between the timing of sleep and thoughts about the impact of impaired sleep remains unclear and an area for further study with objective measures. Support

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Sleep duration and quality are not associated with brown adipose tissue volume or activity—as determined by 18F-FDG uptake, in young, sedentary adults

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsz177 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 (12) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Francisco M Acosta ◽

Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado ◽

Borja Martinez-Tellez ◽

Jairo H Migueles ◽

Francisco J Amaro-Gahete ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Brown Adipose Tissue ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Sleep Regulation ◽

Clinical Trial Registration ◽

Fdg Uptake ◽

Brown Adipose ◽

18F Fdg

Abstract Study Objectives Short sleep duration and sleep disturbances have been related to obesity and metabolic disruption. However, the behavioral and physiological mechanisms linking sleep and alterations in energy balance and metabolism are incompletely understood. In rodents, sleep regulation is closely related to appropriate brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic activity, but whether the same is true in humans has remained unknown. The present work examines whether sleep duration and quality are related to BAT volume and activity (measured by 18F-FDG) and BAT radiodensity in humans. Methods A total of 118 healthy adults (69% women, 21.9 ± 2.2 years, body mass index: 24.9 ± 4.7 kg/m2) participated in this cross-sectional study. Sleep duration and other sleep variables were measured using a wrist-worn accelerometer for seven consecutive days for 24 hours per day. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to assess sleep quality. All participants then underwent a personalized cold exposure to determine their BAT volume, activity, and radiodensity (a proxy of the intracellular triglyceride content), using static positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CI) scan. Results Neither sleep duration nor quality was associated with BAT volume or activity (the latter represented by the mean and peak standardized 18F-FDG uptake values) or radiodensity (all p > .1). The lack of association remained after adjusting the analyses for sex, date of PET/CT, and body composition. Conclusions Although experiments in rodent models indicate a strong relationship to exist between sleep regulation and BAT function, it seems that sleep duration and quality may not be directly related to the BAT variables examined in the present work. Clinical Trial Registration NCT02365129 (ClinicalTrials.gov).

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Prevalence and Determinants of Bad Sleep Perception among Italian Children and Adolescents

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17249363 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (24) ◽

pp. 9363

Author(s):

Serena Malloggi ◽

Francesca Conte ◽

Giorgio Gronchi ◽

Gianluca Ficca ◽

Fiorenza Giganti

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Depressed Mood ◽

Behavioral Problems ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Sleep Problems ◽

Sleep Latency ◽

Sleep Habits ◽

Subjective Sleep Quality ◽

Quality Perception ◽

Subjective Sleep

Although sleep problems at young ages are well investigated, the prevalence of bad sleepers and the determinants of sleep quality perception remain unexplored in these populations. For this purpose, we addressed these issues in a sample of children (n = 307), preadolescents (n = 717), and adolescents (n = 406) who completed the School Sleep Habits Survey, addressing sleep quality perception, sleep habits, sleep features, daytime behavior and sleep disturbances, circadian preference, and dreaming. The sample was split in “good sleepers” and “bad sleepers”, based on the answer to the question item assessing overall subjective sleep quality. Being a bad sleeper was reported by 11.7% of the sample, with significant between-groups differences (children: 8.3%; preadolescents: 11.3%; adolescents: 15.3%; p = 0.01). At all ages, relative to good sleepers, bad sleepers showed higher eveningness, sleepiness, and depression, longer sleep latency, more frequent insufficient sleep, nocturnal awakenings, sleep–wake behavioral problems, and unpleasant dreams (all p’s ≤ 0.01). Sleep quality perception was predicted: in children, by depressed mood, eveningness, and unpleasant dreams (all p’s ≤ 0.01); in preadolescents, by sleep latency, awakening frequency, depressed mood, sufficiency of sleep, and unpleasant dreams (all p’s < 0.01); in adolescents, by awakening frequency, depressed mood, and sufficiency of sleep (all p’s < 0.001). In children, bad subjective sleep quality appears to be mainly determined by daytime psychological features, for example, depressed mood, whereas at later ages, sleep characteristics, such as frequent awakenings, add to the former determinants. This could depend on (a) the appearance, with increasing age, of objective sleep modifications and (b) a greater attention paid by adolescents to their sleep characteristics.

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Are you Sleeping? Pilot Comparison of Self-Reported and Objective Measures of Sleep Quality and Duration in an Inpatient Alcoholism Treatment Program

Substance Abuse Research and Treatment ◽

10.4137/sart.s10385 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. SART.S10385 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alyssa T. Brooks ◽

Michael C. Krumlauf ◽

Barbara P. Whiting ◽

Rosa J. Clark ◽

Gwenyth R. Wallen

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Sleep Efficiency ◽

Objective Measures ◽

Cutoff Score ◽

Increase Risk ◽

Inpatient Population ◽

Ongoing Assessment ◽

Alcohol Dependent

Sleep disturbances are common among alcohol-dependent individuals and can increase risk of relapse. The current study compares subjective and objective measures of sleep quality and duration and describes the prevalence of baseline sleep disturbances in an inpatient population of alcoholics undergoing their first week of detoxification. At baseline, the PSQI revealed that 79% of participants were above the cutoff score (≥5) for clinically meaningful sleep disturbances (mean = 12.57, SD = 4.38). Actigraphy results revealed that average sleep efficiency was 75.89%. Sleep efficiency scores were significantly correlated with self-reported sleep efficiency ( P = 0.04, r = 0.47). Sleep duration measured by the actigraphy watches was not significantly correlated with self-reported sleep duration ( P = 0.65, r = 0.10). Ongoing assessment of sleep disturbances may be a valuable tool for informing the development of customized sleep interventions in a similar inpatient alcohol treatment sample.

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148 Sleep thief! Falling asleep with the TV on is related to shorter sleep duration among Latino/a children

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsab072.147 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. A61-A61

Author(s):

Suzanna Martinez ◽

Erin Esaryk ◽

Eli Jimenez ◽

Jeanne Tschann

Keyword(s):

Child Behavior ◽

San Francisco ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Obesity Prevalence ◽

Related Factors ◽

White Children ◽

Bay Area ◽

Falling Asleep ◽

Mother And Child

Abstract Introduction Sleep duration is associated with obesity in Latino/a children. However, little is known about Latino/a children’s bedtime behaviors who have a higher prevalence of obesity compared to white children. An improved understanding of Latino/a children’s bedtime behaviors is warranted to inform health promotion programs in this population. The purpose of this study was to examine bedtime activities and behaviors with sleep characteristics of Latino/a children. Methods Children of Mexican descent (8-10 years old) and their mothers (N=32) from the San Francisco Bay Area were invited to participate in a 3-week crossover study. Mothers completed a questionnaire on sleep behaviors (e.g., duration, disturbances) and activities 1 hour before bed (e.g., television viewing in bed, eating or drinking). Mother and child anthropometrics were measured. Preliminary bivariate analyses included: (1) a linear regression examining child weekday sleep duration (dependent) with child behavior before bed (independent), and (2) a logistic regression examining child sleep disturbances (dependent) with child behavior before bed (independent). Results The average child age was 9.71 (SD = 0.96); almost half of children were obese (47%) and their mothers (53%). Children slept on average 10.07 (SD= 2.36) hours on weekdays and 10.31 on weekends (SD = 2.21); 26% of children experienced difficulty falling asleep ≥ 1per week, 52% watched television in the hour before bed, and 21% watched television to fall asleep ≥ 1 per week. Mothers slept on average 6.07 (SD = 1.57) on weekends and 6.99 (SD =5.75) on weekdays. In the hour before bed, children consumed/drank cereal and/or waffles (59%), drank plain milk (38%), drank flavored milk (19%), and juice (16%). Watching television to fall asleep was associated with shorter sleep duration (B = -0.45, P = 0.03), with a trend toward significance with increased odds of difficulty falling asleep (OR = 5.0, P = 0.09). Conclusion Watching television to fall asleep may be a risk factor for shorter sleep duration and difficulty falling asleep. A larger study to examine sleep related factors, such as unhealthy practices before bed, is warranted to understand the high obesity prevalence among Latino/a children. Support (if any) K01HL129087 (PI: Martinez)

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Assessing Sleep Quality and Its Effects on Academic Performance among University Students

Journal of Sleep sciences ◽

10.18502/jss.v5i2.5614 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Md Moyazzem Hossain ◽

Md Habibur Rahman

Keyword(s):

Academic Performance ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Modern Society ◽

Primary Data ◽

Subjective Sleep Quality ◽

Learning Abilities ◽

Rest Time

Background and Objective: Insufficient sleep duration as well as quality is becoming endemic in our modern society. The time of going to bed and sleep quality and quantity are linked with students’ learning abilities and academic accomplishment. Therefore, this paper firstly opted to measure the level of sleep quality of the students of Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh, and finally detect the association between quality of sleep and academic achievement among the students. Materials and Methods: The primary data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire from 334 students with a response rate about 84 percent during February to March 2019. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to measure the sleep quality of the students. The percent distribution, descriptive statistics, and multiple regression were employed to identify the influence of the components of sleep quality on academic performance. Results: Only the sleep quality of one-fourth of the students was good. Moreover, sleep duration, subjective sleep quality, and daytime dysfunction were positively related to the academic performance; however, sleep latency, sleep disturbances, use of sleeping medications, and habitual sleep efficiency were inversely associated with the academic performance of the students. Conclusion: Academic performance of a student was related to the components of sleep quality. Thus, this study indicates that students with poor academic performance have problems regarding sleep issues. Medical advice should be followed to maintain a healthier lifestyle including adequate rest time.

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Sleep Habit/Sleepiness Questionnaires: A Useful Tool to Identify Correlation Between Sleep, Academic Performance and Obesity Promotion in Improving Health

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa056_017 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 1170-1170

Author(s):

Pratibha Gupta ◽

Matt Collins

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Quality Index ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ◽

Lower Grade ◽

Sleep Habits ◽

Short Sleep Duration ◽

Grade Point ◽

Sleep Habit

Abstract Objectives Identify, compare sleep habit questionnaires for use in a study of college student's body compositions, and academic performances. Methods Decades of research supports the importance of proper sleep habits for college students for optimum academic performances and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Instrument that can identify students who experience sleep disturbances and who do not get enough sleep is important in preventing obesity in college students during their college experience and afterwords. Some surveys were created for the clinical setting to determine if further diagnostics testing is necessary, while others were designed for use in academic research to be used individually, combined into composite measure of sleep or as covariates. Available instruments measure many different variables from day time sleepiness to chronotype and jet-lag. No single survey stands out as an all -encompassing sleep different aspect of sleep. No cross comparison of instruments measuring the same variable is therefore possible. Sleep survey is considered ensuring that the chosen survey was designed to measure the variables of interest. Following scales were used in the study: Standford Sleepiness Scale, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Horne-Ostberg Moringness Eveningness Questionnaire, Munich Chronotype Questionnaire. Results Students not meeting public health recommendations for sleep quality and quantity were found to have a significantly lower grade point average and individuals with sleep disturbances and short sleep duration have a significantly higher incidence of obesity. Conclusions Each instrument was created to measure a specific but different aspect of sleep. When conducting research with these tools, another questionnaire may be necessary to provide data specifically about the the subject's sleep habits. The Pittsburgh Sleep quality index has seen through use both clinically and in research. However, it requires another questionnaires to provide data on other variables. Each questionnaire effectively measures the concept it was designed to measure. Therefore, the choice of appropriate instrument should be based on the question, “which survey measures the variable that I wish to measure?”, not which survey is the best? Funding Sources NIMHD BRIC Grant 2009–2013 Central State University.

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Associations of sleep quality and sleep duration with frailty and pre-frailty in an elderly population Rugao longevity and ageing study

BMC Geriatrics ◽

10.1186/s12877-019-1407-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Xue-Hui Sun ◽

Teng Ma ◽

Shun Yao ◽

Ze-Kun Chen ◽

Wen-Dong Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Elderly Population ◽

Sleep Time ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Night Sleep ◽

Poor Sleep Quality ◽

Logistic Regression Models

Abstract Background Previous studies suggest that poor sleep quality or abnormal sleep duration may be associated with frailty. Here we test the associations of sleep disturbances with both frailty and pre-frailty in an elderly population. Methods Participants included 1726 community-dwelling elders aged 70–87 years. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep disturbances. Frailty was defined using phenotype criteria. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratio of the associations. Results The average PSQI score was 5.4 (SD, 3.1). Overall 43.6% of the participants had poor sleep quality (PSQI> 5), 8.2% had night sleep time ≤ 5 h, and 27.8% had night sleep time ≥ 9 h. The prevalence of frailty and pre-frailty was 9.2 and 52.8%, respectively. The proportions of PSQI> 5 increased with the severity of frailty status (robust: pre-frail: frail, 34.5%: 48%: 56.1%, P < 0.001). After adjustment for multiple potential confounders, poor sleep quality (PSQI> 5) was associated with higher odds of frailty (OR = 1.78, 95% CI 1.19–2.66) and pre-frailty (OR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.20–1.90). Sleep latency, sleep disturbance, and daytime dysfunction components of PSQI measurements were also associated with frailty and pre-frailty. In addition, sleep time 9 h/night was associated with higher odds of frailty and pre-frailty. Conclusions We provided preliminary evidences that poor sleep quality and prolonged sleep duration were associated with being frailty and pre-frailty in an elderly population aged 70–87 years. The associations need to be validated in other elderly populations.

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