scholarly journals Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Public Places and Support for Smoke-Free Laws in Japan: Findings from the 2018 ITC Japan Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genevieve Sansone ◽  
Geoffrey T. Fong ◽  
Gang Meng ◽  
Lorraine V. Craig ◽  
Steve S. Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Smoking Bans ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Total N ◽  
The Public ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Shs Exposure ◽  
Very High

Comprehensive smoke-free policies such as those called for by the WHO FCTC are the only way to protect the public effectively from the harms of secondhand smoke (SHS), yet Japan has been slow to implement this important health measure. This study examines baseline levels of smoking and SHS exposure in public places and support for smoking bans in Japan prior to the implementation of the 2018 national smoke-free law. Data are from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Japan Wave 1 Survey (Feb–Mar 2018), a web survey of adult cigarette smokers, heated tobacco product users, dual users, and non-users (total N = 4684). Measures included prevalence of smoking (whether respondents noticed people smoking inside restaurants and bars at their last visit, and workplaces in the last month), and support for complete smoking bans in these venues. Smoking prevalence in each venue was high overall in 2018 (49% of workplaces, 55% of restaurants, and 83% of bars), even higher than in China, the country with the greatest toll of SHS. Support for complete smoking bans was very high overall (81% for workplaces, 78% for restaurants, and 65% for bars). Non-users were less likely to be exposed to SHS and had higher support for smoking bans than tobacco users. These findings point to the ineffectiveness of partial smoke-free laws in Japan and reinforce the call for comprehensive smoke-free laws, which even smokers would support at higher levels than in many other ITC countries.

scholarly journals Partial Smoking Ban and Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 2804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sen Zeng ◽  
Haruko Noguchi ◽  
Satoru Shimokawa
Keyword(s):  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Smoking Ban ◽  
Smoking Bans ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Smoking Intensity ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Shs Exposure ◽  
Using Data

Implementing smoking bans is a worldwide common practice for tobacco control. However, if the policy prohibits smoking partially rather than comprehensively, it may increase nonsmokers’ exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) in nonprohibited places. This paper investigates how a partial smoking ban affected nonsmokers’ SHS exposure (measured by frequency of having exposure to SHS in days per month) in households, workplaces, and restaurants by examining the case of a partial smoking ban introduced in a large Japanese prefecture in 2013. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHNS) in 2010, 2013, and 2016 (n = 30,244) and the Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions (CSLC) from 2001 to 2016 (n = 2,366,896), this paper employs a difference-in-differences (DID) approach. We found that the partial smoking ban significantly increased their SHS exposure in households and workplaces by 2.64 days and 4.70 days per month, respectively, while it did not change nonsmokers’ SHS exposure in restaurants. The results imply that the smoking ban displaced smokers from public places to private places. We also found that neither smokers’ smoking status nor smoking intensity changed significantly after implementing the partial smoking ban. Comprehensive smoking bans are needed to better protect nonsmokers from SHS exposure.

scholarly journals Analisis Perkembangan Kasus COVID-19 Berkaitan dengan Kebijakan Pemerintah di Pulau Jawa

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-12
Author(s):  
Charvia Ismi Zahrani ◽  
Setia Pramana
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
High Increase ◽  
Public Places ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Restriction ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Death Cases ◽  
Very High

AbstractCOVID-19 is a serious problem that faced by almost all countries in the world. Since announced as a pandemic by WHO on March, the number of positive COVID-19 cases in Indonesia has reached 287,008 patients until the end of September 2020. COVID-19 cases dispersion depends on the local government policies and the awareness of the public to obey. About 60 percent of positive cases and 65 percent of death cases were in Java. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the growth of the COVID-19 case in Java from March to September 2020 in relation to the local government policies. The results showed that six provinces in Java had the same pattern. The large-scale social restriction (PSBB), which was implemented since April 10 2020, seen to be able to contain the dispersion of cases because from April to June the positive cases did not increase significantly. A very high increase occurred in August and September, this was probably due to the easing of the PSBB become new-normal where various public places and facilities have been reopened. Meanwhile, death cases, the number is very high in mid-April and June and late July to September 2020. For cured cases, there was a significant increase in late August to September 2020. The importance of information about the growth of the COVID-19 cases can help government to formulate strategies and policies to prevent the dispersion of COVID-19.Keyword: COVID-19, Pandemic, Java, cases growth AbstrakCOVID-19 merupakan suatu masalah serius yang sedang dihadapi oleh hampir seluruh negara. Sejak diumumkan sebagai pandemi oleh WHO pada Maret lalu, jumlah kasus positif COVID-19 di Indonesia mencapai 287.008 pasien hingga akhir September. Penyebaran kasus COVID-19 sangat bergantung pada kebijakan yang ditetapkan oleh pemerintah serta kesadaran masyarakat untuk mematuhinya. Sebesar 60 persen kasus positif dan 65 persen kasus meninggal berada di Pulau Jawa. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis perkembangan kasus COVID-19 di Pulau Jawa sejak Bulan Maret-September 2020 dikaitkan dengan kebijakan pemerintah setempat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keenam provinsi memiliki pola yang sama. Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB) yang dilakukan sejak 10 April 2020 terlihat dapat menahan penyebaran kasus karena pada bulan April-Juni 2020 kasus positif tidak mengalami kenaikan yang signifikan. Kenaikan yang sangat tinggi terjadi pada bulan Agustus dan September 2020, hal ini mungkin disebabkan oleh dilonggarkannya kebijakan PSBB menjadi PSBB Transisi dimana berbagai tempat dan fasilitas umum telah dibuka kembali. Sementara untuk kasus meninggal, angka tertinggi terjadi pada pertengahan April dan Juni serta akhir Juli hingga September 2020. Untuk kasus sembuh, terjadi peningkatan yang signifikan pada akhir Agustus hingga September 2020. Pentingnya informasi tentang perkembangan kasus COVID-19 ini dapat membantu pemerintah daerah untuk membuat strategi dan kebijakan untuk mencegah penyebaran rantai virus COVID-19.Kata Kunci: COVID-19, Pandemi, Jawa, perkembangan kasus 

Secondhand Smoke Exposure 7 Years After an Indoor Smoke-Free Law

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann W. St. Claire ◽  
Michael S. Amato ◽  
Raymond G. Boyle ◽  
Peter Rode ◽  
Ann M. Kinney
Keyword(s):  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Public Health Benefit ◽  
The Past ◽  
Smoke Free Policy ◽  
Low Incomes ◽  
Random Digit Dial ◽  
Shs Exposure

Purpose: To examine locations of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure among nonsmokers, 7 years after a statewide smoke-free policy. Design: Data collected via statewide, random digit dial telephone survey. Response rates were 64.7% for landline and 73.5% for cell phone. Setting: Minnesota, 2014. Participants: Representative sample of 7887 nonsmoking adults. Measures: Self-reported locations of SHS exposure and opinions on smoke-free restrictions. Analysis: Descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results: A total of 35.5% of nonsmokers reported SHS exposure in the past 7 days. The greatest proportion of exposure occurred in community settings (31.7%) followed by cars (6.9%) and in the home (3.2%). Young adults were more likely to be exposed in a home or car than older adults. Nonsmokers living with a smoker were 39.6 (20.6-75.8) times more likely to be exposed to SHS in their home and 5.3 (4.1-6.8) times more likely to be exposed in a car, compared to those who did not live with a smoker. Conclusion: SHS exposure continues after comprehensive smoke-free policies restricted it from public places. Disparities in exposure rates exist for those who live with a smoker, are young, and have low incomes. Findings suggest the need for additional policies that will have the greatest public health benefit.

Biomarker evaluation of Greek adolescents’ exposure to secondhand smoke

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 459-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
CI Vardavas ◽  
MN Tzatzarakis ◽  
M. Plada ◽  
AM Tsatsakis ◽  
A. Papadaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Serum Cotinine ◽  
Public Places ◽  
School Based ◽  
Shs Exposure ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Biomarker Evaluation ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) is a significant threat to public health, and represents a danger for both the development and health status of children and adolescents. Taking the above into account, our aim was to quantify Greek adolescents’ exposure to SHS using serum cotinine levels. During 2006, 341 adolescents aged 13-17 were randomly selected from high schools in Heraklion and agreed to participate as part of the European Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study. Blood samples were drawn from a random sample of 106 adolescents, while serum cotinine/nicotine concentrations were measured by Gas Chromatography—Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The mean levels of serum cotinine and nicotine were calculated at 1.60 ± 2.18 ng/mL and 4.48 ± 4.00 ng/mL, respectively, while 97.7% of the non-smoker adolescents were found to have measureable levels of serum cotinine indicating exposure to SHS. The analysis revealed that their paternal (p = .001) and maternal smoking habits (p = .018) as also the existence of a younger brother or sister (p = .008) were the main modifiers of SHS exposure during adolescence. Conclusively, almost all of the measured Greek adolescents were exposed to SHS, even when their parents were non-smokers. This finding indicates the need for both community and school-based educational programmes as also the implementation of a comprehensive ban on smoking in public places.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN KEBIJAKAN KAWASAN TANPA ROKOK DI TAMAN SEMPUR KOTA BOGOR

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia Triningtias ◽  
Eko Sugiyantio
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Smoking Bans ◽  
Public Places ◽  
The Public ◽  
Implementation Model ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
The People

<p><em>This research is based on the low awareness of the public about the dangers of smoking and the abandonment of smoking bans in public places even though there have been the Bogor City Regulation No. 10 of 2018 about Area Without Cigarettes. Considering that Sempur Park is one of the most important and beneficial public facilities for the people of Bogor City, then by using the Mazmanian and Sabatier implementation model, this study aims to determine the factors that support the successful policy implementation of area without cigarettes in Sempur Park Bogor City.</em></p><em>Keywords: Policy Implementation, Area Without Cigarettes, Sempur Park, Bogor City</em>

Prevalence of invehicle smoking and secondhand smoke exposure in Uruguay

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 703-705
Author(s):  
Laura Llambi ◽  
Mary Barros ◽  
Carolina Parodi ◽  
Antonella Pippo ◽  
Virginia Nunez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Secondhand Smoke Exposure ◽  
Objective Data ◽  
Expansion Factor ◽  
New Public ◽  
Control Objective ◽  
Shs Exposure ◽  
Estimate Prevalence

IntroductionProtection from secondhand smoke (SHS) is one of the fundamental principles of the WHO Framework Convention for Tobacco Control. Objective data on SHS exposure in vehicles in South America is scarce. This study aimed to estimate prevalence of smoking inside vehicles.MethodsThe point prevalence of smoking in vehicles was observed, and a method for estimating smoking prevalence was piloted.ResultsWe observed 10 011 vehicles. In 219 (2.2%; 95% CI 1.91 to 2.49) of them, smoking was observed, and in 29.2% of these, another person was exposed to SHS. According to the ‘expansion factor’ we constructed, direct observation detected one of six to one to nine vehicles in which smoking occurred. The observed prevalence of smoking in vehicles (2.2%) could reflect a real prevalence between 12% and 19%. In 29.2% (95% CI 23.6 to 35.5) and 4.6% (95% CI 2.2 to 8.3) of vehicles in which smoking was observed, another adult or a child, respectively, was exposed to SHS.ConclusionsSmoking was estimated to occur in 12%–19% of vehicles, with involuntary exposure in one of three of vehicles observed. These data underscore a need for new public policies to eliminate SHS in vehicles to protect public health.

scholarly journals Would the Public Support a Ban on Smoking in Public Places? - A Survey of Local Opinion in the North East of England

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadia Ahmed ◽  
Avinash Aujayeb ◽  
Emma Cowens ◽  
Adam Evans ◽  
Felicity Gent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Public Support ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Smoking Bans ◽  
Shopping Malls ◽  
Public Places ◽  
The Public ◽  
North East ◽  
The North

The purpose of study is to determine the degree of support for a general ban on smoking in public places and bans on smoking in specific locations amongst adults living in the North East of England. To assess the variation in support for smoking bans by smoking status and socio-demographic factors. Procedures: After appropriate training, ten medical students conducted interviews with members of the public in city centre locations. Interviewers adhered to a structured schedule and all participants gave informed consent. Quota sampling techniques were used to obtain a sample representative of the wider population in terms of age, gender and occupational social class. Main findings: Interviews were conducted with 538 individuals of whom 338 (63%) stated that they would support a general ban on smoking in public places. Support for a ban varied by smoking status and social class but not by gender or age group. Of the specific locations mentioned, support was greatest for smoking bans in restaurants and cafes (83%), shopping malls (72%) and workplaces (72%) and lowest for smoking bans in pubs and clubs (37%), the home (27%) and outdoor public places (23%). Conclusions: Local support for bans on smoking in public places in the North East of England is high - particularly in relation to bans in restaurants and cafes, shopping malls and workplaces. Introduction and enforcement of smoking bans in these locations would not be expected to meet with great opposition and may have a positive influence on public health.

scholarly journals Secondhand smoke exposure and support for smoke-free policies in cities and rural areas of China from 2009 to 2015: a population-based cohort study (the ITC China Survey)

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e031891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genevieve Sansone ◽  
Geoffrey T Fong ◽  
Mi Yan ◽  
Gang Meng ◽  
Lorraine Craig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Smoking Bans ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Time Specific ◽  
Over Time

ObjectivesTo examine trends in smoking prevalence in key venues (workplaces, restaurants, bars) and in public support for comprehensive smoke-free laws, with comparisons between cities and rural areas in China.DesignData are from Waves 3–5 (2009–2015) of the International Tobacco Control (ITC) China Survey, a cohort survey of smokers and non-smokers. Logistic regression analyses employing generalised estimating equations assessed changes in smoking prevalence and support for smoke-free laws over time; specific tests assessed whether partial smoking bans implemented in three cities between Waves 3 and 4 had greater impact.SettingFace-to-face surveys were conducted in seven cities (Beijing, Changsha, Guangzhou, Kunming, Shanghai, Shenyang and Yinchuan) and five rural areas (Changzhi, Huzhou, Tongren, Yichun and Xining).ParticipantsIn each survey location at each wave, a representative sample of approximately 800 smokers and 200 non-smokers (aged 18+) were selected using a multistage cluster sampling design.Main outcome measuresPrevalence of smoking (whether respondents noticed smoking inside restaurants, bars and workplaces); smoking rules inside these venues; and support for complete smoking bans in these venues.ResultsAlthough smoking prevalence decreased and support increased over time, neither trend was greater in cities that implemented partial smoke-free laws. Smoking was higher in rural than urban workplaces (62% vs 44%, p<0.01), but was equally high in all restaurants and bars. There were generally no differences in secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure between smokers and non-smokers except in rural workplaces (74% vs 58%, p<0.05). Support for comprehensive bans was equally high across locations.ConclusionsPartial laws have had no effect on reducing SHS in China. There is an urgent need for comprehensive smoke-free laws to protect the public from exposure to deadly tobacco smoke in both urban and rural areas. The high support among Chinese smokers for such a law demonstrates that public support is not a barrier for action.

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