scholarly journals Interval Hypoxic Training Enhances Athletic Performance and Does Not Adversely Affect Immune Function in Middle- and Long-Distance Runners

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934
Author(s):  
Won-Sang Jung ◽  
Sung-Woo Kim ◽  
Hun-Young Park
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Hypoxic Training ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hemodynamic Function

This study evaluated the effects of intermittent interval training in hypoxic conditions for six weeks compared with normoxic conditions, on hemodynamic function, autonomic nervous system (ANS) function, immune function, and athletic performance in middle- and long-distance runners. Twenty athletes were divided into normoxic training (normoxic training group (NTG); n = 10; residing and training at sea level) and hypoxic training (hypoxic training group (HTG); n = 10; residing at sea level but training in 526-mmHg hypobaric hypoxia) groups. All dependent variables were measured before, and after, training. The training frequency was 90 min, 3 d per week for six weeks. Body composition showed no significant difference between the two groups. However, the HTG showed more significantly improved athletic performance (e.g., maximal oxygen uptake). The hemodynamic function (e.g., oxygen uptake, oxygen pulse, and cardiac output) during submaximal exercise and ANS function (e.g., standard deviation and root mean square of successive differences, high frequency, and low/high frequency) improved more in the HTG. Immune function parameters were stable within the normal range before and after training in both groups. Therefore, hypoxic training was more effective in enhancing athletic performance, and improving hemodynamic and ANS function; further, it did not adversely affect immune function in competitive runners.

scholarly journals Aerobic Continuous and Interval Training under Hypoxia Enhances Endurance Exercise Performance with Hemodynamic and Autonomic Nervous System Function in Amateur Male Swimmers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 3944
Author(s):  
Sung-Woo Kim ◽  
Won-Sang Jung ◽  
Jeong-Weon Kim ◽  
Sang-Seok Nam ◽  
Hun-Young Park
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Hypoxic Training ◽  
Hemodynamic Function

Hypoxic training is often performed by competitive swimmers to enhance their performance in normoxia. However, the beneficial effects of aerobic continuous and interval training under hypoxia on hemodynamic function, autonomic nervous system (ANS) function, and endurance exercise performance remain controversial. Here we investigated whether six weeks of aerobic continuous and interval training under hypoxia can improve hematological parameters, hemodynamic function, ANS function, and endurance exercise performance versus normoxia in amateur male swimmers. Twenty amateur male swimmers were equally assigned to the hypoxic training group or normoxic training group and evaluated before and after six weeks of training. Aerobic continuous and interval training in the hypoxia showed a more significantly improved hemodynamic function (heart rate, −653.4 vs. −353.7 beats/30 min; oxygen uptake, −62.45 vs. −16.22 mL/kg/30 min; stroke volume index, 197.66 vs. 52.32 mL/30 min) during submaximal exercise, ANS function (root mean square of successive differences, 10.15 vs. 3.32 ms; total power, 0.72 vs. 0.20 ms2; low-frequency/high-frequency ratio, −0.173 vs. 0.054), and endurance exercise performance (maximal oxygen uptake, 5.57 vs. 2.26 mL/kg/min; 400-m time trial record, −20.41 vs. −7.91 s) than in the normoxia. These indicate that hypoxic training composed of aerobic continuous and interval exercise improves the endurance exercise performance of amateur male swimmers with better hemodynamic function and ANS function.

Effects of High Frequency Exercise in Patients before and after Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Bäck ◽  
Bertil Wennerblom ◽  
Susanna Wittboldt ◽  
Åsa Cider
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary ◽  
Before And After

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of high frequency exercise for patients before and after an elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), with special reference to maximal aerobic capacity, muscle function, health related quality of life (HRQoL), waist–hip ratio (WHR) and restenosis. Methods: A randomised, controlled study was performed in Sweden between 2004 and 2006 in thirty-seven patients (five women) with stable coronary artery disease (CAD), age 63.6 ± 6.9 years, randomised to either high frequency exercise or control group. The patients in the training group performed three endurance resistance exercises and trained on a cycle ergometer 30 min, 5 times a week for 8 months at 70% of VO2max. Results: Patients in the training group significantly improved their maximal aerobic capacity (15 (9–46) vs. 8 (0–18)% p ≤ 0.05), shoulder flexion ( p ≤ 0.01), shoulder abduction ( p ≤ 0.01) and heel-lift ( p ≤ 0.05) compared to the control group. There were no significant differences between the groups in HRQoL, WHR and restenosis. Conclusion: High frequency exercise in patients treated with PCI seems to improve maximal aerobic capacity and muscle function, which may reduce the risks of further progression of atherosclerosis. However, further larger studies are needed to fully investigate the effects of exercise in patients with PCI.

One Year Follow-Up of Mindful Sport Performance Enhancement (MSPE) With Archers, Golfers, and Runners

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel W. Thompson ◽  
Keith A. Kaufman ◽  
Lilian A. De Petrillo ◽  
Carol R. Glass ◽  
Diane B. Arnkoff
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Trait Mindfulness ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
One Year

The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the long-term effects of mindful sport performance enhancement (MSPE), a program designed to improve athletic performance and psychological aspects of sport. One-year follow-up assessments were conducted on archers, golfers, and long-distance runners (N = 25) who attended Kaufman, Glass, and Arnkoff’s (2009) and De Petrillo, Kaufman, Glass, and Arnkoff’s (2009) MSPE workshops. Across the athlete groups, participants reported significant increases in the ability to act with awareness (an aspect of trait mindfulness) and overall trait mindfulness from pretest to follow-up, along with significant decreases in task-related worries and task-irrelevant thoughts (both aspects of cognitive interference during sport). The long-distance runners exhibited significant improvement in their mile times from pretest to follow-up, with significant correlations between change in runners’ performance and trait variables. Results suggest that MSPE is a promising intervention associated with long-term changes in trait variables that may contribute to optimal athletic performance.

Sprinting Ability as an Important Indicator of Performance in Elite Long-Distance Runners

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
Ryo Yamanaka ◽  
Hayato Ohnuma ◽  
Ryosuke Ando ◽  
Fumiya Tanji ◽  
Toshiyuki Ohya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Running Economy ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Sprint Time

Purpose: Increases in maximal oxygen uptake () and running economy improve performance in long-distance runners. Nevertheless, long-distance runners require sprinting ability to win, especially in the final phase of competitions. The authors determined the relationships between performance and sprinting ability, as well as other abilities in elite long-distance runners. Methods: The subjects were 12 elite long-distance runners. Mean official seasonal best times in 5000-m (5000 m-SB) and 10,000-m (10,000 m-SB) races within 1 year before or after the examination were 13:58.5 (0:18.7) and 28:37.9 (0:25.2) (mean [SD]), respectively. The authors measured 100-m and 400-m sprint times as the index of sprinting ability. They also measured and running economy ( at 300 m·min−1 of running velocity). They used a single correlation analysis to assess relationships between 5000 m-SB or 10,000 m-SB and other elements. Results: There were significant correlations between 5000 m-SB was significantly correlated with 100-m sprint time (13.3 [0.7] s; r = .68, P = .014), 400-m sprint time (56.6 [2.7] s; r = .69, P = .013), and running economy (55.5 [3.9] mL·kg−1·min−1; r = .59, P = .045). There were significant correlations between 10,000 m-SB and 100-m sprint time (r = .72, P = .009) and 400-m sprint time (r = .85, P < .001). However, there was no significant correlation between 5000 m-SB or 10,000 m-SB and (72.0 [3.8] mL·kg−1·min−1). Conclusions: The authors' data suggest that sprinting ability is an important indicator of performance in elite long-distance runners.

scholarly journals Effects of 2-Week Exercise Training in Hypobaric Hypoxic Conditions on Exercise Performance and Immune Function in Korean National Cycling Athletes with Disabilities: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hun-Young Park ◽  
Won-Sang Jung ◽  
Jisu Kim ◽  
Hyejung Hwang ◽  
Sung-Woo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Hypoxic Training ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Athletes With Disabilities ◽  
Trial Test ◽  
Lactate Levels

We aimed to evaluate the effects of a 2-week exercise training program in hypobaric hypoxic conditions on exercise performance and immune function in Korean national cycling athletes with disabilities. Six Korean national cycling athletes with disabilities participated in exercise training consisting of continuous aerobic exercise and anaerobic interval exercise in hypobaric hypoxic conditions. The exercise training frequency was 60 min (5 days per week for 2 weeks). Before and after the exercise training, exercise performance and immune function were measured in all athletes. Regarding the exercise performance parameters, the 3-km time trial significantly decreased and blood lactate levels after the 3-km time trial test significantly increased by exercise training in hypobaric hypoxic conditions. Regarding the oxygen-transporting capacity, significant differences were not observed. Regarding immune function, the number of leukocytes and natural killer cells significantly decreased and that of eosinophils, B cells, and T cells significantly increased. These results indicated that our 2-week hypoxic training showed the potential to improve exercise performance in Korean national disabled athletes. However, the effects of our hypoxic training method on immune function remained unclear.

Does ‘live high-train low’ hypoxic training really improves endurance capacity of long distance runners?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snehunsu Adhikari ◽  
Radhica Sreeman ◽  
Sanjay Saraswat ◽  
Tambi Medabala ◽  
Wazir Singh
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Capacity ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Hypoxic Training

scholarly journals The efectiveness of therapeutic massage in professional long-distance runners - case study

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
Iwona Wilk
Keyword(s):  
Training Session ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Indirect Contact ◽  
Comprehensive Therapy ◽  
Injured Area ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Coaching Methods ◽  
Reduction Of Pain

Background: Regardless of the sport discipline, the rules of prophylaxis, coaching methods and experience, injuries and contusions in athletes occur. They are inevitable, and when they eventually appear, a comprehensive therapy should be applied to avoid complications and further injuries.Material and methods: A female runner was given a classical massage, before and after the training session each of 10 minutes and, additionally, two sessions of 45-minute-tensegrity massage. Two diferent confgurations were worked out (I and II) because only selected connective tissues were intensively sensitive to compression. Results: After the classical massage the decrease in pain of fbular muscles (peroneus longus and brevis) was achieved, however, after the tensegrity massage the reduction of pain in inguinale ligaments was additionally observed. The massage of the tissues being in direct and indirect contact with the injured area resulted in complete pain elimination.Conclusions: Tensegrity massage can be used in the cases of connective tissue injuries and other mild injuries which are found in athletes. The choice of the type of the massage always depends on current symptoms and needs of the athletes. The therapy ought to be completed with the education on the preventive activities which athletes should follow. Keywords: classical and tensegrity massage, injury, pain

The Effect of Plyometric Training Volume on Athletic Performance in Prepubertal Male Soccer Players

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1205-1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmi Chaabene ◽  
Yassine Negra
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Peak Height Velocity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Long Jump

Purpose:To assess and compare the effects of 8 wk of in-season (2 sessions/wk) low- and high-volume plyometric training (PT) on measures of physical fitness in prepubertal male soccer players. Methods:A total of 25 soccer players were randomly assigned to a low-volume PT group (LPT; n = 13, age 12.68 ± 0.23 y, age at peak height velocity [APHV] 14.25 ± 0.29 y, maturity offset –1.57 ± 0.29 y) or a high-volume PT group (HPT; n = 12, age 12.72 ± 0.27 y, APHV 14.33 ± 0.77 y, maturity offset –1.61 ± 0.76 y). A linear-sprint test (5-m, 10-m, 20-m, and 30-m), change-of-direction (CoD) test, and vertical- (squat-jump [SJ]), countermovement- (CMJ), and horizontal-jump (standing long jump [SLJ]) test were carried out before and after 8 wk of PT. Results:There was a significant main effect of time for sprint outcomes (5-m, P = .005, ES = 0.86; 10-m, P = .006, ES = 0.85; 20-m, P = .03, ES = 0.64, and 30-m, P = .05, ES = 0.57), CoD (P = .002, ES = 0.96), SJ (P = .008, ES = 0.81; CMJ, P = .01, ES = 0.73), and SLJ ability (P = .007, ES = 0.83). There were no significant training group × time interactions in any measured outcomes. Conclusions:After 8 wk of training, results showed similar performance improvement on measures of sprint time, CoD, and jumping ability between LPT and HPT groups. From a time-efficiency perspective, it is recommended to use LPT in prepubertal male soccer players to improve their proxies of athletic performance.

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