Hydrochemical Evolution Mechanisms of Shallow Groundwater and Its Quality Assessment in the Estuarine Coastal Zone: A Case Study of Qidong, China

Identification of geochemical characters and the influence of river and seawater on coastal areas are of significant impact on water resources management in coastal areas globally. Thus, it requires careful investigation of the hydrochemical evolution mechanisms and assessment of the quality of shallow groundwater. The study specifically focused on the estuarine coastal zone of Qidong, China, a city located on the Yangtze estuary. Thirty shallow groundwater samples and five surface water samples were collected during a field investigation, and 25 water quality indexes were analyzed. Methods including mathematical statistics, Gibbs figure, Piper diagram, and ionic rations were used to analyze the hydrochemical characteristics and evolution mechanisms. The spatial distribution of key parameters was assessed using a GIS-based spatial gridding technique. Results showed that the shallow groundwater in this estuarine coastal zone is weakly alkaline. The major hydrochemical parameters, including total dissolved solids (TDS), Na+ and Cl−, Mg2+, and SO42−, displayed similar spatial distributions; the distributions of Ca2+ and Mg2+ were irregular; the distributions of SO42− and HCO3− shared a similar trend, increasing gradually from the southern to northern regions of the study zone; and the values of NO3− and NH4+ were generally low in the study area. The hydrochemistry of the groundwater consists of HCO3-CaMg type and HCO3-Na, with HCO3·Cl-Na type and Cl-Na being the dominant constituents toward the coastal strip. The coastal aquifers are subjected to the ongoing influence of seawater intrusion, ion exchange processes, freshwater infiltration, and mineral (carbonate and silicate) dissolution, which impact groundwater evolution. Most of the groundwater samples are unsuitable for drinking purposes, but more than 90% of samples have irrigation suitability, based on the WHO standards and the classifications of sodium absorption ratio (SAR), soluble-sodium percentage (SSP).

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Seepage-zone recognition of river water based on Cl− spatial difference

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2015.510 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

pp. 520-526

Author(s):

Hongying Ji ◽

Xinyi Wang ◽

Xiaoman Liu ◽

Li Zhao

Keyword(s):

River Water ◽

River Flow ◽

Shallow Groundwater ◽

Field Investigation ◽

Industrial Agglomeration ◽

Sampling Point ◽

Spatial Difference ◽

Groundwater Samples ◽

Average Residual ◽

The Difference

Based on Cl− monitoring data of river water and shallow groundwater samples on both sides of the Dashi River, we analyzed spatial distribution of Cl− content in surface water and groundwater, and evaluated the retardation strength, pCl−, the average retardation strength, pA, and the average residual retardation strength, pAR, of surface–groundwater Cl− content. We introduce the difference, Q, of the average retardation strength and the average residual retardation strength, which can be used to identify the seepage zone and the transition seepage zone of the river, and to quantitatively express the seepage range. The results show that Cl− content in the river gradually increased in areas with industrial agglomeration, but decreased in areas with non-agglomeration, and gradually decreased along the river flow. If Q ≥ 0, then there is no seepage zone in the study area, but if Q < 0, then there is a seepage zone in the study area. The sampling point is in the seepage zone when pCl− ≤ pA, in the transition seepage zone when pA < pCl− ≤ pAR, and in the no-seepage zone when pCl− > pAR. The recognition results are more consistent with field investigation.

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Hydrochemical Characteristics and Cause Analysis of Natural Water in the Southeast of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Water ◽

10.3390/w13233345 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (23) ◽

pp. 3345

Author(s):

Zongjun Gao ◽

Hui Tong ◽

Qiao Su ◽

Jiutan Liu ◽

Fasheng Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Water ◽

Atmospheric Precipitation ◽

Tibet Plateau ◽

Hydrochemical Characteristics ◽

Weakly Alkaline ◽

Hydrochemical Evolution ◽

Average Value ◽

Groundwater Samples ◽

Qinghai Tibet Plateau ◽

Silicate Rocks

This study investigated the hydrochemical characteristics and formation mechanism of natural water in the southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. To this end, 19 groundwater samples were collected, tested, and analyzed using various methods, such as mathematical statistics, a Piper diagram, correlation analysis, Gibbs plots, and an ion ratio analysis. The results show that the dominant anions are HCO3− and SO42−, and the dominant cations are Ca2+ and Mg2+, which accounted for 98.50% and 85.94% of the total amount of anions and cations, respectively. The samples were weakly alkaline water, where the TDS (total dissolved solids) ranged from 28.00 mg/L to 242.00 mg/L, with an average value of 129.10 mg/L. The hydrochemical types were mainly Ca·Mg-HCO3·SO4—accounting for 42.10%. The hydrochemical evolution process was found to be mainly controlled by the weathering and dissolution of carbonate and silicate rocks. The main sources of Na+ and K+ are rock salt and silicate rocks, and those of Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3−, and SO42− are from the dissolution of dolomite, calcite, gypsum, and other calcium and magnesium bearing minerals. In addition, atmospheric precipitation serves as a replenishment source of natural water in the region, and the recharge is affected by evaporation.

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An Investigation of the Quantity, Quality and Sources of Groundwater Seepage into the St. Clair River near Sarnia, Ontario, Canada

Water Quality Research Journal ◽

10.2166/wqrj.1986.031 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 351-367 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Michael Sklash ◽

Sharon Mason ◽

Suzanne Scott ◽

Chris Pugsley

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

River Water ◽

Organic Contaminants ◽

Shallow Groundwater ◽

Seepage Rate ◽

Groundwater Seepage ◽

Seepage Meters ◽

Groundwater Samples ◽

Hydraulic Gradients ◽

Unidentified Source

Abstract We used seepage meters and minipiezometers to survey a 100 m by 7 km band of streambed of the St. Clair River near Sarnia, Ontario, Canada, to determine the quantity, quality, and sources of groundwater seepage into the river. The average observed seepage rate, 1.4 x 10−8 m3/s/m2, suggests higher than expected hydraulic conductivities and/or hydraulic gradients in the streambed. We found detectable levels of some organic contaminants in streambed groundwater samples from 1.0 and 1.5 m depths, however , concentrations did not exceed drinking water guidelines. Our isotopic and electrical conductivity data indicate that: (l) the streambed groundwater is not just river water, (2) groundwater from the “freshwater aquifer” at the base of the overburden Is not a significant component of the streambed groundwater, (3) some of the streambed groundwater is partially derived from a shallow groundwater flow system, and (4) an unidentified source of water with low tritium, river water-like δ18O, and very high electrical conductivity, contributes to the streambed groundwater.

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Perlindungan Hak Konstitusional Masyarakat Pesisir : Urgensi Harmonisasi Regulasi Pengelolaan Pesisir Terpadu

Jurnal Konstitusi ◽

10.31078/jk1745 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 799

Author(s):

Mohammad Mahrus Ali ◽

Zaka Firma Aditya ◽

Abdul Basid Fuadi

Keyword(s):

Coastal Zone ◽

Local Governments ◽

Coastal Zone Management ◽

Coastal Areas ◽

Coastal Communities ◽

Court Decision ◽

Constitutional Court ◽

Constitutional Rights ◽

Integrated Coastal Zone Management ◽

Zone Management

Sepuluh tahun yang lalu putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 3/PUU-VIII/2010 telah menegaskan bahwa bahwa pemberian hak pengusahaan perairan pesisir (HP3) oleh pemerintah kepada pihak swasta bertentangan dengan konstitusi, terutama dengan Pasal 33 ayat (4) UUD 1945. Pembentuk undang-undang kemudian merespon putusan tersebut dengan merevisi UU Nomor 27 Tahun 2007 menjadi Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 27 Tahun 2007 tentang Pengelolaan Wilayah Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil. Revisi tersebut telah mengubah Rezim HP3 dari UU 27/2007 menjadi rezim perizinan dalam UU 1/2014. Sayangnya, perubahan tersebut justru menimbulkan berbagai persoalan mulai dari konflik antara undang-undang serta peraturan dibawah undang-undang yang pada akhirnya sangat berpotensi merugikan hak-hak konstitusional masyarakat pesisir pantai. Penelitian ini memfokuskan pada aspek yuridis maupun sosiologis terkait perlindungan hak-hak konstitusional masyarakat pesisir pantai setelah Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 3/PUU-VIII/2010. Penelitian ini secara mendalam membahas mengenai tindaklanjut putusan MK a quo oleh pembentuk undang-undang, pemerintah pusat hingga pemerintah daerah dan stakeholder serta pemenuhan hak-hak konstitusional masyarakat pesisir pantai. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan cara meneliti Putusan MK Nomor 3/PUU-VIII/2010. Pembahasan secara deskriptif digunakan untuk memahami politik hukum pengelolaan wilayah pesisir sebagai upaya memenuhi hak-hak konstitusional masyarakat pesisir pantai. Disamping itu, Pengelolaan wilayah pesisir secara terpadu yang merupakan proses yang dinamis, multidisiplin, dan berulang untuk mempromosikan pengelolaan kawasan pesisir yang berkelanjutan. Termasuk seluruh siklus pengumpulan informasi, perencanaan, pengambilan keputusan, manajemen dan pemantauan implementasi. Ten years ago, the Constitutional Court Decision Number 3/PUU-VIII/2010 confirmed that the granting of concession rights for coastal waters (after this: HP3) by the government to private parties was contrary against the constitution, especially Article 33 paragraph (4) of the 1945 Constitution. Legislators then respond to the decision to revise Law No. 27 of 2007 as Law No. 1 of 2014 on the Amendment of Law No. 27 of 2007 on the Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands. The revision has changed the HP3 regime from Law 27/2007 to the licensing regime in Law 1/2014. Unfortunately, these changes would lead to various juridical problems ranging from conflict between the laws and regulations under legislation that ultimately is potentially detrimental to the constitutional rights of coastal communities. This research focuses on juridical and sociological aspects related to the coastal communities protection of constitutional rights after the Constitutional Court Decision Number 3/PUU-VIII/2010. This research in-depth discusses the follow-up of the Constitutional Court decision a quo by legislators, central government, local governments, stakeholders, and the fulfilment of the constitutional rights of coastal communities. This research is normative legal research by examining the Constitutional Court decision Number 3/PUU-VIII/2010. The descriptive discussion used to understand coastal zone management law's politics to fulfil the constitutional rights of coastal communities. Besides, integrated coastal zone management (Integrated Coastal Zone Management) is a dynamic process, multidisciplinary, and repeated to promote sustainable coastal areas' sustainable management. It includes the whole cycle of information collection, planning, decision-making, management, and implementation monitoring.

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ПРОБЛЕМЫ РАЗВИТИЯ КОМПЛЕКСНОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПРИБРЕЖНОЙ ЗОНОЙ

10.35735/tig.2019.13.68.016 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

M.G. Zhukovina

Keyword(s):

Coastal Zone ◽

Coastal Zone Management ◽

Coastal Areas ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

Integrated Coastal Zone Management ◽

Economic Resource ◽

Conceptual Apparatus ◽

Zone Management ◽

Tourist Resource ◽

Beach Tourism

Настоящая статья посвящена существующим проблемам комплексного управления прибрежными зонами, отсутствию понятийного аппарата в современных законодательных актах, несовершенству законодательной базы. Проведено сравнение российских нормативноправовых актов с иностранными, регулирующими деятельность комплексного управления прибрежными зонами (КУПЗ). Выделены факторы, сдерживающие развитие пляжного туризма. Особое внимание уделяется отсутствию определенного понятия прибрежная зона . Большая часть истории человечества прочно связана с бухтами, заливами, морями и океанами, поскольку исторически прибрежные полосы являлись наиболее привлекательными для их заселения и/или для ведения хозяйственной деятельности. Спустя тысячелетия улучшились условия труда и производства, человечество переживает очередную научнотехническую революцию и уже в гораздо меньшей степени испытывает зависимость от внешних факторов, формируя свою внешнюю среду, но как сотни, тысячи лет назад побережье играет столь же значительную роль в жизни человечества, как и в прошлом. Несомненно, побережье является ценным природным ресурсом. В настоящее время прибрежные зоны привлекают внимание не только исключительно с хозяйственной точки зрения или как район благоприятный для заселения. Прибрежные зоны сегодня рассматриваются, как эффективный рекреационный ресурс. Туристическая отрасль активно развивается, увеличивается доступность туристических услуг, уменьшается их стоимость. В туризм, организованный и неорганизованный, вовлекается все большее количество людей как в России, так и в мире. Происходящее развитие туристической деятельности связано с глобализацией, в которую вовлекаются все больше стран, с активной миграцией товаров, услуг, работ, капитала, знаний, ведь туризм является эффективным средством реализации социокультурных ценностей в сфере досуга. Неэффективная и бесконтрольная эксплуатация прибрежной зоны может повлечь за собой деградацию берегов, загрязнение береговой зоны, и, следовательно, это приведет к утрате рекреационной привлекательности. Одна из важных проблем, которую необходимо преодолеть, это поиск баланса между нуждами природопользователей и пределами сохранения естественных ландшафтов.The present article is devoted to the problems of integrated coastal zone management. This research highlights the lack of a conceptual apparatus in Russian modern legislative acts. A comparison of Russian regulatory legal acts with foreign ones regulating the activities of integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) has been carried out. The factors constraining the development of beach tourism are selected in this research. The coastal zone and its ICZM are reviewed in Russian, US, and EU legislation. The attention is paid to the necessity to take the legal acts to control the coastal territories. Nowadays the coastal stripes attract economic resource as well as tourist resource. Currently the tourism industry is actively developing. More and more people are involved in organized and unorganized tourist activities. We can often watch tourists on vacation in various coastal areas. And these areas are often unorganized (or illegal) tourist sites. Inefficient and irrational use of the shores leads to severe environmental pollution, degradation of shores. This problem is very relevant, because the absence of such a regulatory act means the inability to regulate sufficiently the use of coastal strips for economic and tourist purposes. It should be noted that there is no comprehensive regulatory legal act that would comprehensively regulate tourist activities in the Russian legislation. A situation of misunderstanding is likely when solving the same issues by various organizations, nature users and the public without developing a clear conceptual apparatus. One of the important problems that must be overcome is to find a balance between the interests of users of nature, society and the possible tourist load on coastal areas without losing its natural landscape.

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Integrated Coastal Zone Management in Mediterranean Coastal Areas

Edition 1, Hammamet, Tunisie ◽

10.5150/cmcm.2009.080-1 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Dora PAPATHEOCHARI

Keyword(s):

Coastal Zone ◽

Coastal Zone Management ◽

Coastal Areas ◽

Integrated Coastal Zone Management ◽

Zone Management

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Spatial and Temporal Variations of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Surface Water and Groundwater of Mudong River Watershed in Huixian Karst Wetland, Southwest China

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su131910740 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (19) ◽

pp. 10740

Author(s):

Linyan Pan ◽

Junfeng Dai ◽

Zhiqiang Wu ◽

Liangliang Huang ◽

Zupeng Wan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Flow Direction ◽

Influencing Factor ◽

Shallow Groundwater ◽

Temporal Variations ◽

Field Investigation ◽

Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

River Watershed

When considering the factors affecting the spatial and temporal variation of nitrogen and phosphorus in karst watersheds, the unique karst hydrogeology as an internal influencing factor cannot be ignored, as well as natural factors such as meteorological hydrology and external factors such as human activities. A watershed-scale field investigation was completed to statistically analyze spatial and temporal dynamics of nitrogen and phosphorus through the regular monitoring and collection of surface water and shallow groundwater in the agricultural-dominated Mudong River watershed in the Huixian Karst Wetland over one year (May 2020 to April 2021). Our research found that non-point source pollution of nitrogen (84.5% of 239 samples TN > 1.0 mg/L) was more serious than phosphorus (7.5% of 239 samples TP > 0.2 mg/L) in the study area, and shallow groundwater nitrogen pollution (98.3% of 118 samples TN > 1.0 mg/L) was more serious than surface water (68.6% of 121 samples TN > 1.0 mg/L). In the three regions with different hydrodynamic features, the TN concentration was higher and dominated by NO3−-N in the river in the northern recharge area, while the concentrations of TN and TP were the highest in shallow groundwater wells in the central wetland core area and increased along the surface water flow direction in the western discharge area. This research will help improve the knowledge about the influence of karst hydrodynamic features on the spatial patterns of nitrogen and phosphorus in water, paying attention to the quality protection and security of water in karst areas with a fragile water ecological environment.

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Multivariate Analysis and Geochemical Signatures of Shallow Groundwater in the Main Urban Area of Chongqing, Southwestern China

Water ◽

10.3390/w12102833 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 2833

Author(s):

Si Chen ◽

Zhonghua Tang ◽

Jian Wang ◽

Jialing Wu ◽

Chang Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Geochemical Modeling ◽

Shallow Groundwater ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Easy Access ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

Drinking Purposes ◽

Groundwater Samples ◽

New Findings ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Hydrogeochemical processes and quality assessment for shallow groundwater are pivotal issues to be solved in many regions over the world due to the easy access of shallow groundwater. In this study, eighty-six water samples were collected from shallow aquifers of Chongqing, China, during July–September 2019. Multivariate statistical techniques, major ion ratios, and geochemical modeling were integrated to investigate hydrogeochemical characteristics and controlling factors. Afterwards, groundwater quality in spatial was classified by entropy-weighted water quality index and geographic information system (GIS) spatial analysis. Groundwater samples were alkaline and possessed high total dissolved solids (TDS) values. Two-group samples were distinguished as mix cations-HCO3-SO4 (group 1) and Ca-Mg-SO4 (group 2) facies. Hydrogeochemical compositions of group 1 samples were dominated by silicate dissolution and ion exchange, while sulfate and calcite dissolution were the main factors influencing the hydrogeochemical characteristics of group 2. The overall quality of groundwater samples varied greatly from excellent quality to extremely poor quality. Group 1 samples were found with excellent and good quality and suitable for drinking purposes. Group 2 samples were all unsuitable for direct drinking purposes as the quality varied from medium to extremely poor, but were spatially limited. Groundwaters with relatively poor quality were due to dissolution of sulfate that were locally enriched in the aquifers. The new findings of this study are expected to provide the reference for future management and sustainable exploitation of groundwater in Chongqing.

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Analysis of Coastal Zone Data of Northern Yantai Collected by Remote Sensing from 1990 to 2018

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app9204466 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (20) ◽

pp. 4466 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Min Zhou ◽

Mengquan Wu ◽

Guangzong Zhang ◽

Lianjie Zhao ◽

Xiaoyun Hou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Coastal Zone ◽

High Tide ◽

Coastal Areas ◽

Visual Interpretation ◽

Point Change ◽

Continuous Increase ◽

Change Rate ◽

Ecological Resources ◽

Bare Land

Using remote sensing images of different time phases from 1990 to 2018, the surface coverage information of northern Yantai (coastline, 2 km from coastline to land) was extracted by means of average high tide line and visual interpretation. The end point change rate (EPR) and linear regression rate were used to study the coastline change rate, the fractal dimension of the coastline in the study area was analyzed, and the change of the type of coastal surface cover was analyzed by the transition matrix. The results show that: (1) Form 1990 to 2018, a significant trend of a continuous increase in the total length of coastline was observed with an increase of 181.08 km (43.18%). In the study area, the coastline of Laizhou had the greatest change rate with an EPR value of 33.67 m/a, whereas the coastline of Laishan had the smallest change rate with an EPR value of 0.30 m/a. (2) Over the past 30 years, with the rapid economic development of Yantai and the ensuant urbanization, the total surface area of the coastal zone in the study area has increased by 144.94 km2, mainly in the areas covered by structures and forests/grasses, by 112.96 km2 and 96.08 km2, respectively, while the areas of desert/bare land and water have decreased by 92.26 km2 and 12.32 km2, respectively. (3) The changes among different types in the study area were clear, mainly from desert/bare land, cultivated land, and building areas to forests/grasses cover and structures. The change areas were mainly concentrated in Laizhou, Longkou, Zhifu, and Penglai. Frequent human activities are an important factor affecting the continuous expansion of the coastal areas of Jiaodong Peninsula to the sea. Aquaculture, coastal construction, construction of artificial islands, and expansion of port terminals have seriously affected the sustainability of ecological resources in the coastal areas. At the same time, the changes in the ecological environment in the coastal zone will have a greater impact on the health of the coastal zone.

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