scholarly journals The Contribution of Spanish Science to Patents: Medicine as Case of Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mila Cascajares ◽  
Alfredo Alcayde ◽  
José Antonio Garrido-Cardenas ◽  
Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro
Keyword(s):  
Citation Impact ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Spanish Science ◽  
International Patent ◽  
The Social ◽  
Great Relevance ◽  
Set Up

Investments in research and development (R&D) and innovation are expensive, and one wishes to be assured that there is positive feedback and to receive guidance on how to direct investments in the future. The social or economic benefits of investments in R&D are of particular interest to policymakers. In this regard, public expense in research, especially through universities, is sometimes being questioned. This paper establishes a measure of how research in Spain, and specifically in its universities, is involved. In this study, we have analyzed all the literature cited in the period 1998–2018 produced by Spanish institutions and which has been cited in at least one international patent, obtaining more than 40,000 publications from more than 160,000 different authors. The data have been surprisingly positive, showing that practically all public universities contribute to this subject and that there is a great deal of international collaboration, both in terms of the number of countries with which they collaborate and the prestige of the institutions involved. Regarding the specific scientific fields in which this collaboration is most relevant, biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology, and medicine together account for almost 40% of the total works. The topics most used by these publications were those of diseases or medical problems such as: Neoplams, Carcinoma, Alzheimer Disease, or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). Oncology was according to the All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) the leading and central issue. Therefore, although the result of basic research is difficult to quantify, when it is observed that there is a return in fields such as medicine or global health, it can be said that it is well employed. In terms of journals from a purely bibliometric point of view, it has been observed that some journals do not have a great impact or relative position within their categories, but they do have a great relevance in this area of patent support. Therefore, it would be worthwhile to set up a rank for scientific journals based on the citations of patents, so the percentage of articles cited in patents with Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) >1, and as an indicator of scientific transfer from universities or research centres, the transference index in patents (TIP) is also proposed.

On the Notion of Collective Intelligence

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Epaminondas Kapetanios
Keyword(s):  
Collective Intelligence ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Web ◽  
Synergistic Interactions ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Computing Paradigm ◽  
The Social ◽  
Challenging Research ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Set Up

In this article, the author explores the notion of Collective Intelligence (CI) as an emerging computing paradigm. The article is meant to provide a historical and contextual view of CI through the lenses of as many related disciplines as possible (biology, sociology, natural and environmental sciences, physics) in conjunction with the computer science point of view. During this explorative journey, the article also aims at pinpointing the current strengths and weaknesses of CI-related computational and system engineering design and implementation methodologies of CI-based systems. A non-exhaustive list of case studies set up the stage for CI applications as well as challenging research questions. These can be particularly directed towards the Social Web, as a very prominent example of synergistic interactions of a group of people with diverse cultural and professional backgrounds and its potential to become a platform for the emergence of truly CI-based systems.

On the Notion of Collective Intelligence

2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Epaminondas Kapetanios
Keyword(s):  
Collective Intelligence ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Environmental Sciences ◽  
Synergistic Interactions ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Computing Paradigm ◽  
The Social ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Exhaustive List

In this article, the author explores the notion of Collective Intelligence (CI) as an emerging computing paradigm. The article is meant to provide a historical and contextual view of CI through the lenses of as many related disciplines as possible (biology, sociology, natural and environmental sciences, physics) in conjunction with the computer science point of view. During this explorative journey, the article also aims at pinpointing the current strengths and weaknesses of CI-related computational and system engineering design and implementation methodologies of CI-based systems. A non-exhaustive list of case studies set up the stage for CI applications as well as challenging research questions. These can be particularly directed towards the Social Web, as a very prominent example of synergistic interactions of a group of people with diverse cultural and professional backgrounds and its potential to become a platform for the emergence of truly CI-based systems.

scholarly journals Typologies of Institutional Communication

10.26458/1414 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Gabriela IOSIF
Keyword(s):  
Social Process ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
The Social ◽  
Great Relevance ◽  
Institutional Communication ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Or Organization ◽  
Administrative Tasks

From the point of view of Durkheim, institutions are ways of acting, feeling and thinking, expressing any social act. Institutions have stringent action on the individual, have its own existence, independent of individual manifestations, which are distinctive for a given group, being accepted by all members. Types of social institutions are economic institutions, educational, political, cultural and family. Within institutions, communication is an inherent phenomenon.For Katz and Kahn "communication is a social process of great relevance to the functioning of each group, organization or society," the very essence of the social system or organization. The organizational structure provides stability for human communication and facilitates administrative tasks. (Rogers Everett M. and Agarwala-Rogers Rekha, 1976, p. 6). Therefore, an effective institutional communication adds value to any institution. 

scholarly journals Non-Financial Reporting as a Tool for Measuring the Social Activity of Domestic Enterprises

2017 ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
О. В. Наmкаlо
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Global Reporting Initiative ◽  
International Trends ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Set Up

The research is devoted to the peculiarities of the formation of non-financial reporting as one of the tools for measuring the social activity of enterprises. The financial stability and successful business of enterprises is conditional on non-financial indicators and business orientation, ranks, reputation, openness and social responsibility. Non-financial reporting or a CSR report is an effective tool for measuring the performance of enterprises, a basis for the development and implementation of various strategic projects and programs. Information from non-financial reporting allows for assessing the effectiveness of management at an enterprise by economic, environmental and social component, their interdependence and contribution in achieving the main goal, and for subsequent goal setting and more effectively management of change. It means that the report in question serves as the main platform for communicating the results and impacts (positive or negative) of sustainable development. It shows the real effort of an enterprise in creating social, environmental and economic benefits. However, domestic enterprises do not have sufficient experience in the field of socially responsible business and need to create their own internal concept of corporate social responsibility considering international trends, which determines the relevance of this study Various international non-financial reporting standards are analyzed; it is demonstrated that the most popular mechanism for regulating non-financial reporting is the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), which defines a set of indicators measuring the social, ecological and economic component of the economic activity of enterprises The mechanism for making up a non-financial report by phase of the enterprise development is built. The use of the proposed mechanism in making up non-financial reporting will enable to set up an effective link between the enterprise and the stakeholders, and to determine the strategic directions of the enterprise's activities in the context of its development.

scholarly journals Invisible Dress: Weaving a Theology of Fashion

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 419
Author(s):  
Alberto Fabio Ambrosio
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Christian Theology ◽  
Social Rules ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
The Social ◽  
To Come ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Set Up ◽  
New Research

This article establishes the framework for a (Christian) theology of fashion, the development of which comes under a research project set up between Luxembourg (Luxembourg School of Religion & Society) and Paris (Collège des Bernardins). The text is structured around three areas: the first reveals how theology can accommodate in its field of thought both the idea of dress (also viewed in terms of its materiality) and the way in which modern society experiments with it: fashion. For as much as theological discourse, particularly Christian, might have shown itself to be critical regarding modern day fashion, it has nevertheless failed to come up with any real theological reflection on the subject. The second area aims to explore responsible ethics for fashion. Often moralising, the attitude of Christian theology needs to give way to an ethical and—vitally—ecological analysis of the effects of fashion in today’s world. Clothing might still cover people’s bodies, but the issue is not restricted to an individual moral point of view, and extends to the social rules of an ethic that is also one of environmental responsibility. Finally, the totally new perspective that I adopt for outlining these areas requires the aesthetics of dress and fashion to be addressed from a theological point of view. For all its rich history, theological aesthetics has hardly ever concerned itself with developing an aesthetic discourse for dress and fashion, other than for liturgical and religious attire. Once these three new research perspectives have been discussed, I want to outline another field of study, in itself extremely fertile: a treasure trove of metaphors and analogies that would be very useful in theological thinking, adding to its inventory terms originating in the uncovering and stripping away of old ways of thinking that no longer convey in contemporary language the mystery that it is meant to clothe.

scholarly journals PENSION INVESTMENT OF RUSSIANS: SOCIAL CONCERNS AND RESOURCES

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
O.I. Vlasova ◽  
◽  
T.A. Zaglodina ◽  
I.V. Chebykina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Social Pension ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government

The article deals with pension investment as a special form of social pension capital. The authors of the article try to substantiate that in the modern scientific and social context the boundaries of understanding "human capital" are significantly expanding. The article, supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, is based on the data of a full-scale sociological study of Russians (N=1050) on various aspects of pension investment and pension capital formation. In the course of the study, the authors managed to identify that at present the Russians demonstrate extremely low investment pension activity, the formation of pension capital is extremely delayed and correlates with the age of respondents. The population sees the government as the main source of future pension formation, but there is little trust in specific institutional forms of investment. Only financial instruments not related to direct investment are assessed positively by the population: work in the civil service, supervisory, military and law enforcement agencies, as well as receiving "white" salary. This research has recorded the unfavourable state of the social pension investment sphere. The low level of investment activity and lack of trust in institutional mechanisms of capital investment seem to be an extremely unfavorable signal for the pension future of broad social groups. From the sociological point of view, there is a need to develop relevant explanatory theories of investment changes, and from the side of state and investment institutions to develop relevant measures to correct the situation.

The Revolutionizing of the Revolution

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Strict Sense ◽  
French Government ◽  
Thing In Itself ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The French Revolution ◽  
The Revolution

In 1792, the French Revolution became a thing in itself, an uncontrollable force that might eventually spend itself but which no one could direct or guide. The governments set up in Paris in the following years all faced the problem of holding together against forces more revolutionary than themselves. This chapter distinguishes two such forces for analytical purposes. There was a popular upheaval, an upsurge from below, sans-culottisme, which occurred only in France. Second, there was the “international” revolutionary agitation, which was not international in any strict sense, but only concurrent within the boundaries of various states as then organized. From the French point of view these were the “foreign” revolutionaries or sympathizers. The most radical of the “foreign” revolutionaries were seldom more than advanced political democrats. Repeatedly, however, from 1792 to 1799, these two forces tended to converge into one force in opposition to the French government of the moment.

KONSEP DIRI “ I “ DAN “ME” TOKOH HIROKO DALAM NOVEL NAMAKU HIROKO KARYA NH.DINI

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Besin Gaspar
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Fictional Character ◽  
Social Customs ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

This research deals with the development of  self concept of Hiroko as the main character in Namaku Hiroko by Nh. Dini and tries to identify how Hiroko is portrayed in the story, how she interacts with other characters and whether she is portrayed as a character dominated by ”I” element or  ”Me”  element seen  from sociological and cultural point of view. As a qualitative research in nature, the source of data in this research is the novel Namaku Hiroko (1967) and the data ara analyzed and presented deductively. The result of this analysis shows that in the novel, Hiroko as a fictional character is  portrayed as a girl whose personality  develops and changes drastically from ”Me”  to ”I”. When she was still in the village  l iving with her parents, she was portrayed as a obedient girl who was loyal to the parents, polite and acted in accordance with the social customs. In short, her personality was dominated by ”Me”  self concept. On the other hand, when she moved to the city (Kyoto), she was portrayed as a wild girl  no longer controlled by the social customs. She was  firm and determined totake decisions of  her won  for her future without considering what other people would say about her. She did not want to be treated as object. To put it in another way, her personality is more dominated by the ”I” self concept.

A Futures Study on the Quality Of Life from the Point Of View of Iranian Youth

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sina Saeedy ◽  
Mojtaba Amiri ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Zolfagharzadeh ◽  
Mohammad Rahim Eyvazi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Futures Studies ◽  
The Social ◽  
The University

Quality of life and satisfaction with life as tightly interconnected concepts have become of much importance in the urbanism era. No doubt, it is one of the most important goals of every human society to enhance a citizen’s quality of life and to increase their satisfaction with life. However, there are many signs which demonstrate the low level of life satisfaction of Iranian citizens especially among the youth. Thus, considering the temporal concept of life satisfaction, this research aims to make a futures study in this field. Therefore, using a mixed model and employing research methods from futures studies, life satisfaction among the students of the University of Tehran were measured and their views on this subject investigated. Both quantitative and qualitative data were analysed together in order to test the hypotheses and to address the research questions on the youth discontentment with quality of life. Findings showed that the level of life satisfaction among students is relatively low and their image of the future is not positive and not optimistic. These views were elicited and discussed in the social, economic, political, environmental and technological perspectives. Keywords:  futures studies, quality of life, satisfaction with life, youth

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