A Simple Monte Carlo Framework to Assess Suicide Risk in Adolescents: A Study at a High School in Colombia

It is very common to perform statistical tests to obtain insights about populations based on samples. For instance, in the context of psychology, when a set of instruments are applied to individuals, psychologists typically look for an explanation of particular psychological constructs (variables), such as personality, intelligence, or emotional functioning. It is common to cross statistical information from the results of different psychological tests to measure certain variables or to confirm prior beliefs. Here, we estimate the Joint Probability Density Function of suicide-related vulnerability and protective factors to assess suicide risk in adolescents. A Markov Chain Monte Carlo Method is employed to move away from the typical Gaussian assumption on data. This allows us to estimate probabilities of the development of suicidal ideation based on samples (which form a Markov chain). We employ our proposed statistical method at a high school in Colombia. The results reveal that adolescents can develop suicidal ideation as a consequence of the following factors, together with their corresponding probabilities: poor school performance 52%, low academic expectations 27%, school integration problems 68%, risky eating behaviors (binge-purge) 42%, risky eating behaviors (compensatory measurements) 21%, risky eating habits (restriction) 22%, and low family functionality 16%.

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Risk assessment for diabetes type 2 conditions for nature in nutrition in adolescents

Medicinski glasnik Specijalne bolnice za bolesti štitaste žlezde i bolesti metabolizma ◽

10.5937/medgla2180072l ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (80) ◽

pp. 72-107

Author(s):

Igor Lukić ◽

Nevena Ranković ◽

Dragica Ranković

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

High School Students ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Diabetes Type 2 ◽

School Students ◽

Statistical Tool

This paper will present the results of a study on dietary habits in adolescents. The high school or adolescent era is a time of great physical and psychological changes, which cause instability and oscillations in the mood and behavior of high school students. Results obtained by interviewing secondary school students about eating habits and results obtained using a standardized questionnaire for the risk of type 2 diabetes were analyzed using a reliable statistical tool IBM SPSS Statistical, which offers a range of reliable analyzes and statistical tests. Previous research has shown that for each person with type 2 diabetes, one person finds out who does not know it. Discovery of pre-diabetes, in new potential patients, is necessary at the earliest age, when a number of factors affect lifestyles, such as irregular nutrition and obesity, physical inactivity, stress, and others become important for the development of this disease. Detection of risk levels in potential patients is important for both the individual and public health, and everyday clinical practice. After determining the degree of risk for a particular sample, a set of measures for a particular adolescent population will be recommended, so that the disease does not occur, or its onset will move for a later period of life.

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Suicide Risk in High School Students in Slovenia

Crisis ◽

10.1027//0227-5910.20.1.23 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 23-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Martina Tomori

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

High School Students ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Psychosocial Factors ◽

Suicidal Behavior ◽

Representative Sample ◽

Suicide Risk ◽

School Students ◽

And Behavior

The objective of this study was to determine the psychosocial factors which differentiate suicidal adolescents from their nonsuicidal peers. By means of a specially designed questionnaire, distributed to a representative sample of 4686 Slovene high school students of both sexes aged 14-19 years, we assessed their general characteristics, suicidal ideation and behavior, family circumstances, self-appraisal of the problems and ways of solving them, engagement in sport, and exposure to suicide in their close circle. Numerous important differences were established between suicidal and nonsuicidal adolescents. The data gathered will help further research into suicidal behavior in adolescents.

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Psychological interventions to reduce suicidality in high-risk patients with major depression: a randomized controlled trial

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291716002798 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 47 (5) ◽

pp. 810-821 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

C. M. Celano ◽

E. E. Beale ◽

C. A. Mastromauro ◽

J. G. Stewart ◽

R. A. Millstein ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Suicide Risk ◽

Psychiatric Treatment ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Treatment Manual ◽

Post Discharge ◽

Psychological Constructs ◽

Control Intervention ◽

Psychiatric Units ◽

Positive Feelings

BackgroundPositive psychological constructs have been associated with reduced suicidal ideation, and interventions to cultivate positive feelings have the potential to reduce suicide risk. This study compares the efficacy of a 6-week, telephone-based positive psychology (PP) intervention against a cognition-focused (CF) control intervention among patients recently hospitalized for depression and suicidal ideation or behavior.MethodA total of 65 adults with a current major depressive episode reporting suicidal ideation or a recent suicide attempt were enrolled from participating in-patient psychiatric units. Prior to discharge, participants were randomized to the PP (n = 32) or CF (n = 33) intervention. In both interventions, participants received a treatment manual, performed weekly PP (e.g. gratitude letter) or CF (e.g. recalling daily events) exercises, and completed weekly one-on-one telephone sessions over 6 weeks. Between-group differences in hopelessness (primary outcome), depression, suicidality and positive psychological constructs at 6 and 12 weeks were tested using mixed-effects models accounting for intensity of post-hospitalization psychiatric treatment.ResultsCompared with PP, the CF intervention was associated with significantly greater improvements in hopelessness at 6 weeks (β = −3.15, 95% confidence interval −6.18 to −0.12, effect size = −0.84, p = 0.04), but not 12 weeks. Similarly, the CF intervention led to greater improvements in depression, suicidal ideation, optimism and gratitude at 6 and 12 weeks.ConclusionsContrary to our hypothesis, the CF intervention was superior to PP in improving hopelessness, other suicide risk factors and positive psychological constructs during a key post-discharge period among suicidal patients with depression. Further study of this CF intervention is warranted in populations at high suicide risk.

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Risk assessment for diabetes type 2 conditions for nature in nutrition in adolescents

Medicinski glasnik Specijalne bolnice za bolesti štitaste žlezde i bolesti metabolizma ◽

10.5937/medgla2079026l ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (79) ◽

pp. 26-44

Author(s):

Igor Lukić ◽

Nevena Ranković ◽

Dragica Ranković

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

High School Students ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Diabetes Type 2 ◽

School Students ◽

Statistical Tool

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HOW TO GENERATE UNIFORM SAMPLES ON DISCRETE SETS USING THE SPLITTING METHOD

Probability in the Engineering and Informational Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0269964810000057 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 405-422 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Peter W. Glynn ◽

Andrey Dolgin ◽

Reuven Y. Rubinstein ◽

Radislav Vaisman

Keyword(s):

Monte Carlo ◽

Markov Chain ◽

Integer Programming ◽

Markov Chain Monte Carlo ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Splitting Method ◽

Formal Proof ◽

List Type ◽

Type Number ◽

The Common

The goal of this work is twofold. We show the following:1.In spite of the common consensus on the classic Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) as a universal tool for generating samples on complex sets, it fails to generate points uniformly distributed on discrete ones, such as that defined by the constraints of integer programming. In fact, we will demonstrate empirically that not only does it fail to generate uniform points on the desired set, but typically it misses some of the points of the set.2.Thesplitting, also called thecloningmethod – originally designed for combinatorial optimization and for counting on discrete sets and presenting a combination of MCMC, like the Gibbs sampler, with a specially designed splitting mechanism—can also be efficiently used for generating uniform samples on these sets. Without introducing the appropriate splitting mechanism, MCMC fails. Although we do not have a formal proof, we guess (conjecture) that the main reason that the classic MCMC is not working is that its resulting chain is not irreducible. We provide valid statistical tests supporting the uniformity of generated samples by the splitting method and present supportive numerical results.

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Bayesian Applications in Auditory Research

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/2018_jslhr-h-astm-18-0228 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 577-586 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Garnett P. McMillan ◽

John B. Cannon

Keyword(s):

Monte Carlo ◽

Markov Chain ◽

Bayesian Methods ◽

Prior Distribution ◽

Interim Analysis ◽

Iterative Process ◽

Bayes Theorem ◽

Sound Therapy ◽

The Many ◽

Auditory Research

Purpose This article presents a basic exploration of Bayesian inference to inform researchers unfamiliar to this type of analysis of the many advantages this readily available approach provides. Method First, we demonstrate the development of Bayes' theorem, the cornerstone of Bayesian statistics, into an iterative process of updating priors. Working with a few assumptions, including normalcy and conjugacy of prior distribution, we express how one would calculate the posterior distribution using the prior distribution and the likelihood of the parameter. Next, we move to an example in auditory research by considering the effect of sound therapy for reducing the perceived loudness of tinnitus. In this case, as well as most real-world settings, we turn to Markov chain simulations because the assumptions allowing for easy calculations no longer hold. Using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, we can illustrate several analysis solutions given by a straightforward Bayesian approach. Conclusion Bayesian methods are widely applicable and can help scientists overcome analysis problems, including how to include existing information, run interim analysis, achieve consensus through measurement, and, most importantly, interpret results correctly. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.7822592

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HARGA DIRI REMAJA DAN POLA ASUH ORANGTUA SEBAGAI FAKTOR PROTEKTIF IDE BUNUH DIRI

Jurnal Ilmiah Permas: Jurnal Ilmiah STIKES Kendal ◽

10.32583/pskm.9.3.2019.301-310 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 301-310

Author(s):

Nirmala Fajar Pertiwi ◽

Ice Yulia Wardani

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Parenting Style ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Nursing Intervention ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Emotional Instability

Remaja yang tidak mampu menghadapi tekanan akan membawanya pada ketidakstabilan emosional dan cenderung melakukan berbagai perilaku berbahaya hingga bunuh diri. Bunuh diri memiliki faktor protektif berupa harga diri tinggi karena dapat memberikan kualitas psikologis positif. Faktor protektif ide bunuh diri lainnya yaitu pola asuh yang seimbang antara dimensi penerimaan dan pengendalian atau disebut pola asuh otoritatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan harga diri dan pola asuh orangtua dengan ide bunuh diri pada remaja SMA. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif korelatif dan pendekatan secara chross-sectional. Penelitian ini memiliki responden sejumlah 322 remaja di SMA yang dipilih dengan teknik proportional random sampling. Terdapat hubungan yang kuat dan arah negatifantara harga diri dengan ide bunuh diri dengan koefisien korelasi -0,876, yang berarti bahwa semakin rendah harga diri yang dimiliki remaja maka semakin tinggi ide bunuh diri. Terdapat hubungan dengan kekuatan sedangdan arah negatif antara pola asuh orangtua dengan ide bunuh diri dengan koefisien korelasi -0,365, artinya apabila pola asuh orangtua mengarah pada otoritatif maka ide bunuh diri akan semakin rendah, dan sebaliknya apabila pola asuh orangtua mengarah pada otoritarian maka ide bunuh diri akan semakin tinggi. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan intervensi keperawatan jiwa dalammengidentifikasi ide bunuh diri pada remaja, serta meningkatkan wawasan remaja dan guru terkait faktor protektif ide bunuh diri. Kata kunci: faktor proteksi, harga diri,ide bunuh diri,dan pola asuh orangtua SELF-SELF-PRICE AND PARENT'S PATTERN AS SELF-KILLING IDEAS PROTECTIVE FACTORS ABSTRACT Teenagers who do not cope well under pressure will lead them to emotional instability and tend to perform a variety of malicious behavior or commit to suicide. Suicidial Ideation has protective factor such as high self esteem, because it can provide positive psychological qualities.Other protective factor is parenting style that contain balance between the dimensions of acceptance and control, also called authoritative. This study aims to determine the relationship of self-esteem and parenting Stylewith Suicidial Ideation in high school adolescents. This study used descriptive correlative and cross-sectional approach. This study has a number of 322 respondents, that are high school adolescents selected by proportional random sampling technique. There is strong relationshipwith negative directionbetween self-esteem with suicidal ideationand the correlation coefficient is -0,876, which means that the if adolescent’s self-esteem is lower so suicidal ideation will be higher. There is moderate relationshipwith negative direction between parenting style with suicidal ideation and the correlation coefficient is -0,365, which means that if parenting style is authoritative so suicidal ideation will be lower, and if parenting style is authoritarian so suicidal ideation will be higher.This study can be used to improve nursing intervention in identify suicidal ideation, and also to improve teenager’s and teacher’s knowledge about protective factors of suicidal ideation. Keywords: parenting style, protective factor,self-esteem and suicidal ideation

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