Diagnostic Precision of Anthropometric Variables for the Detection of Hypertension in Children and Adolescents

Introduction: High blood pressure (HBP) is a health problem the prevalence of which has increased in young populations. Overweight and obesity in early ages have been directly related to its development. Due to the impact of HBP, it is necessary to provide tools that facilitate its early diagnosis, with useful anthropometric variables being those that assess obesity. The objective of this paper was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of anthropometric variables to detect HBP. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 265 students aged 6–16. The diagnosis of HBP was made following the criteria proposed by the Spanish Association of Pediatrics. Through different statistical methods, the association between anthropometric variables of general obesity with HBP was analyzed. Results: Waist circumference (WC) showed the best diagnostic capacity (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.729), with a sensitivity and specificity of 72.2% and 76%, respectively, for a cut-off point of 73.5 cm. In the adjusted multivariate analysis, an association was found between HBP and anthropometric variables: WC (odds ratio (OR) = 10.7), body mass index (OR = 7.5), waist-to-height ratio (OR = 5.5) and body fat percentage (OR = 5.3) (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The anthropometric variables studied showed a moderate predictive capacity for HBP, highlighting WC, which showed the strongest association with HBP in the infant and child population.

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Optimal cut-off values for anthropometric indices of obesity as discriminators of cardiovascular risk factors in a Health Examinees study: a cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.2.20238/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sooyoung Cho ◽

Aesun Shin ◽

Ji-Yeob Choi ◽

Sang Min Park ◽

Daehee Kang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Characteristic Curve ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Optimal Cutoff ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Waist To Height Ratio ◽

Obesity Indices ◽

Conicity Index

Abstract Background Obesity is well known as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We aimed to determine the performance of and the optimal cutoff value for obesity indices to discriminate the presence of cardiovascular risk factors in a Health Examinees study.Methods The current study analyzed 134,195 participants with complete anthropometric and laboratory information in a Health Examinees study. The presence of cardiovascular risk factors was defined as having at least one of the following: hypertension, hyperglycemia or hyperlipidemia. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), waist to height ratio (WHtR), waist circumference (WC) and conicity index (C index).Results AUC of cardiovascular risk factors was the highest for WHtR (0.677 [0.672-0.683] among men; 0.691 [0.687-0.694] among women), and the lowest for the C index (0.616 [0.611-0.622] among men; 0.645 [0.641-0.649] among women) among both men and women. The optimal cutoff values were 24.3kg/m 2 for BMI, 0.887 for WHR, 0.499 for WHtR, 84.4cm for WC and 1.20m 3/2 /kg 1/2 for the C index among men, compared with 23.4kg/m 2 for BMI, 0.832 for WHR, 0.496 for WHtR, 77.0 cm for WC and 1.18m 3/2 /kg 1/2 for the C index among women.Conclusion Obesity indices can be considered a plausible discriminator of metabolic risks.

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Risk factors influencing food habits of overweight and obese incarcerated women

ABCS Health Sciences ◽

10.7322/abcshs.45.2020.1366 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. e020020

Author(s):

Thalise Yuri Hattori ◽

Edilaene de Oliveira Silva ◽

Vagner Ferreira do Nascimento ◽

Marina Atanaka ◽

Ana Cláudia Pereira Terças Trettel

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Population Group ◽

Incarcerated Women ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

National Guidelines ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Impact

Introduction: Chronic diseases stand out on the world stage due to the impact they cause on population morbidity and mortality. In the case of persons deprived of their liberty, the situation is intensified by the restriction in the choice of food and access to physical exercise. Objective: To identify the risk factors that influence the eating habits of overweight and obese incarcerated women. Methods: Cross-sectional study, conducted with 31 participants. Data collection took place in the second half of 2018, comprising individual interviews of incarcerated women using a semi-structured questionnaire and measurement of anthropometric measures. The data were systematized in electronic spreadsheets and statistical analysis was performed in a descriptive way. The study complied with ethical standards from national guidelines. Results: A greater prevalence of overweight and obesity was identified in young, multiparous women, with low education and lower income. Most used tobacco and had less than a year in prison. Despite being overweight and obese, they felt good about their body, which may be reflecting on their lifestyle, through sedentary lifestyle, self-care deficit and consumption of products and foods with low nutritional value. Conclusion: Overweight and obesity are multifactorial and are not related only to behavioral aspects. It is necessary to carry out new research approaches that clarify the health weaknesses in prison, making it possible to provide a better quality of life for this population group.

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Impact on the Mental and Physical Health of the Portuguese Population during the COVID-19 Confinement

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10194464 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (19) ◽

pp. 4464

Author(s):

Fátima Frade ◽

Lia Jacobsohn ◽

Juan Gómez-Salgado ◽

Rosário Martins ◽

Regina Allande-Cussó ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Psychological Distress ◽

Educational Level ◽

General Health Questionnaire ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Physical Symptoms ◽

Predictive Capacity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Working At Home ◽

Health Crisis ◽

The Impact

Confinement of the population has been one of the measures implemented by different governments to address the COVID-19 health crisis, and it has led to social isolation together with a disruption of daily activities. The aim of the study is to analyze psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal. During the quarantine, a cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 2120 subjects over 18 years of age, resident and born in Portugal. Data were collected using a self-developed questionnaire that considered socio-demographic variables, physical symptoms, health conditions, and history of contact with COVID-19, as well as psychological alterations. The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) was also included. Univariate and bivariate statistical analyses were performed. Predictive capacity was studied using logistic regression models. The results showed a higher percentage of individuals presenting psychological distress (57.2.0%), with a higher percentage identified among women (79.0%), and in people with a higher educational level (bachelor’s + master’s and doctorate) (75.8%). The predictor variables with the greatest weight were sex, educational level (graduation, master’s, and doctorate), living with children or under 16 years of age, presence of symptoms, and quarantine in the last 14 days for having symptoms. Good self-assessment of health and working at home appear to be protective against psychological distress. These results highlight the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychological distress and provide an opportunity to consider the need to implement specific multidisciplinary public health and mental health interventions in this pandemic situation.

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BMI, Waist to Height Ratio and Waist Circumference as a screening tool for Hypertension in Hospital out Patients: A Cross-Sectional, Non-inferiority study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-66161/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rajan Shrestha ◽

Sanjib K. Upadhyay ◽

Bijay Khatri ◽

Janak R. Bhattarai ◽

Manish Kayastha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Characteristic Curve ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Outpatient Setting ◽

Anthropometric Measurement ◽

Height Ratio ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Obesity And Overweight ◽

Waist To Height Ratio

Abstract BackgroundObesity has become a global epidemic and an important risk factor for non-communicable diseases. Earlier thought to be a problem in the developed world, it has become a problem in low-and middle-income countries, including Nepal. In the absence of routine surveillance or a registry system, the actual burden and trend of obesity in Nepal is unknown. Obesity and overweight are recognized as risk factors for hypertension and associated with cardiovascular diseases. The study aimed to find out the burden of obesity, using three commonly employed metrics in the hospital outpatient setting of a developing country as predictors of hypertension, and compare the ability of different anthropometric measurements through a non-inferiority study to predict hypertension.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted among 40-69 years outpatients in a tertiary Eye, and ENT hospital in a semi-urban area of Nepal among randomly selected 2,256 participants from 6,769 outpatients evaluated in Health Promotion and Risk Factor Screening Service. We did a correlation analysis to determine the relationship between anthropometric measurement and blood pressure. The area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve of Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist to Height Ratio (WHtR), and Waist Circumference (WC) was calculated and compared.ResultsThe prevalence of obesity and overweight by BMI was 16.09% and 42.20%, respectively; by WHtR was 32.76%, which is two times higher than obesity measured by BMI. High WC was observed among 66.76% of participants. Female participants had a greater prevalence of high WC (77.46%) than males (53.73%) (p<0.001). Prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension was 40.67% and 36.77%, respectively. The areas under the curve were significantly higher than 0.5 for BMI (0.593), WHtR (0.602), and WC (0.610).ConclusionWC correlated well with obesity and hypertension. It also had a higher predicting ability than WHtR and BMI to predict hypertension. WC thus proved to be non-inferior to two other commonly used metrics. It proved superior in detecting obesity in female. This inexpensive and simple non-tension tape measurement may play an important role in future diagnosis of obesity and prediction of HTN in resource-constrained settings of developing countries.

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BMI, Waist to Height Ratio and Waist Circumference as a screening tool for Hypertension in Hospital out Patients: A Cross-Sectional, Non-inferiority study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-66161/v4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rajan Shrestha ◽

Sanjib K. Upadhyay ◽

Bijay Khatri ◽

Janak R. Bhattarai ◽

Manish Kayastha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Operating Characteristic ◽

Characteristic Curve ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Outpatient Setting ◽

Factor Screening ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Obesity And Overweight ◽

Risk Factor Screening ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity ◽

Waist To Height Ratio

Abstract Objective The study aimed to determine the burden of obesity, using three commonly employed metrics in the hospital outpatient setting of a developing country as predictors of hypertension through a non-inferiority study.Design A cross-sectional study design was adopted.Setting This study was conducted in Health Promotion and Risk Factor Screening Service in a tertiary Eye and ENT hospital in a semi-urban area of Nepal.Participants 2,256 randomly selected 40-69 years outpatients.Outcome measures Correlation analysis, the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve, Odds ratios (OR) were calculated between three obesity metrices and hypertension.Results The prevalence of obesity and overweight by BMI was 16.09% and 42.20%, respectively; by WHtR was 32.76%, which is two times higher than obesity measured by BMI. High WC was observed among 66.76% of participants. Female participants had a greater prevalence of high WC (77.46%) than males (53.73%) (p<0.001). Prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension was 40.67% and 36.77%, respectively. The areas under the curve were significantly higher than 0.5 for BMI (0.593), WHtR (0.602), and WC (0.610).Conclusion WC correlated well with obesity and hypertension. It also had a higher predicting ability than WHtR and BMI to predict hypertension. WC thus proved to be non-inferior to two other commonly used metrics. It proved superior in detecting obesity in female. This inexpensive and simple non-tension tape measurement may play an important role in the future diagnosis of obesity and the prediction of HTN in resource-constrained settings of developing countries.

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The Combined Use of Cytokine Serum Values with Laboratory Parameters Improves Mortality Prediction of COVID-19 Patients: The Interleukin-15-to-Albumin Ratio

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9102159 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 2159

Author(s):

Salma A. Rizo-Téllez ◽

Lucia A. Méndez-García ◽

Ana C. Rivera-Rugeles ◽

Marcela Miranda-García ◽

Aarón N. Manjarrez-Reyna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Characteristic Curve ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Mortality Prediction ◽

Predictive Capacity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Albumin Ratio ◽

Laboratory Parameters ◽

Interleukin 15 ◽

Student’S T

Laboratory parameters display limited accuracy in predicting mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, as with serum albumin. Emerging evidence suggests that cytokine serum values may enhance the predictive capacity of albumin, especially interleukin (IL)-15. We thus investigated whether the use of the IL-15-to-albumin ratio enables improving mortality prediction at hospital admission in a large group of COVID-19 patients. In this prospective cross-sectional study, we enrolled and followed up three hundred and seventy-eight patients with a COVID-19 diagnosis until hospital discharge or death. Two hundred and fifty-five patients survived, whereas one hundred and twenty-three died. Student’s T-test revealed that non-survivors had a significant two-fold increase in the IL-15-to-albumin ratio compared to survivors (167.3 ± 63.8 versus 74.2 ± 28.5), a difference that was more evident than that found for IL-15 or albumin separately. Likewise, mortality prediction considerably improved when using the IL-15-to-albumin ratio with a cut-off point > 105.4, exhibiting an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.841 (95% Confidence Interval, 0.725–0.922, p < 0.001). As we outlined here, this is the first study showing that combining IL-15 serum values with albumin improves mortality prediction in COVID-19 patients.

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Revising BMI Cut-Off Points for Obesity in a Weight Management Setting in Lebanon

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17113832 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (11) ◽

pp. 3832

Author(s):

Leila Itani ◽

Dima Kreidieh ◽

Dana El Masri ◽

Hana Tannir ◽

Leila Chehade ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Management ◽

Clinical Sample ◽

Characteristic Curve ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Normal Weight ◽

World Health ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Total Body ◽

Health Organization

Obesity is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 Kg/m2. This study aimed to test the validity of this BMI cut-off point for adiposity in a weight management clinical setting in Lebanon. This cross-sectional study of 442 adults of mixed gender, categorized by the WHO BMI classification, included: 66 individuals of normal weight, 110 who were overweight and 266 with obesity. The clinical sample was referred to the Outpatient Clinic in the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics at Beirut Arab University (BAU) in Lebanon. All participants underwent anthropometric evaluation. The gold standard for defining obesity was based on the National Institutes of Health (NIH)/WHO guidelines for total body fat percentage (BF%). The best sensitivity and specificity were attained to predict obesity, according to the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. The BMI cut-off point for predicting obesity in the clinical sample was nearly 31.5 Kg/m2, and more than 90% of individuals with obesity and cardiometabolic disease were above this cut-off point. In conclusion, this new BMI cut-off point, an obesity definition higher than suggested in Western populations, was demonstrated to have clinical usefulness. Obesity guidelines in Lebanon, therefore, need revising.

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Augmented BMI and waist to height ratio as screening tools for overweight and obesity among school going children aged 5 to 15 years

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20164600 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 174

Author(s):

Ushakiran C. B. ◽

Sowmya Jagadeeshwara ◽

Bharathi Lingaraju

Keyword(s):

Waist Circumference ◽

Screening Tool ◽

Care Delivery ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Screening Tools ◽

Height Ratio ◽

Government Schools ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Waist To Height Ratio

Background: Worldwide raising trend in obesity among children is causing serious public health concerns and in developing countries it is threatening the viability of basic health care delivery. The objective of this study was to screen for overweight and obesity among school going children using the established methods as well as the newer screening tools and to compare the efficacy of the various screening toolsMethods: Prospective cross sectional study was conducted various government and non-government schools within city limits. And participants involves 1000 children in the age group of 5 to 15 years who met the predefined criteria were selected by purposive sampling.Results: Using BMI as a screening tool, 6.3% were identified as overweight and 5.8% as obese. Using Waist circumference alone, 5.2% were identified as overweight and 4.5% as obese. 13.8% and 5% were identified as overweight and obese respectively by waist circumference to height ratio. Using augmented BMI, 14.7% were identified as overweight and 4.3% as obese.Conclusions: Using WHTR and Augmented BMI, larger percentage of children were identified as overweight while the percentage of children identified as obese remained similar to using BMI or Waist circumference alone.

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Does the consumption of local snacks on sale in the schools cause adolescent obesity? A case study in the secondary vocational schools

Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics) ◽

10.21927/ijnd.2020.8(1).39-44 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 39

Author(s):

Muhammad Nur Hasan Syah ◽

Rani Dian Miranti ◽

Noerfitri Noerfitri ◽

Andi Imam Arundhana Thahir

Keyword(s):

Food Consumption ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Fast Food ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Adolescent Obesity ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Vocational Schools ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Snack Consumption ◽

The Impact

ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Prevalensi kelebihan berat badan dan obesitas pada remaja (13 - 15 tahun) meningkat secara signiﬁ kan dari 7,3% pada 2013 menjadi 13,5% pada 2018. Ketersediaan restoran cepat saji yang semakin banyak, baik lokal maupun komersial, di sekitar sekolah semakin meningkatkan jumlah anak remaja usia sekolah yang terpapar makanan tidak sehat, terlebih bagi mereka yang tinggal di daerah perkotaan. Tujuan: Penelitian ini menguji dampak camilan lokal yang tersedia di sekolah terhadap kejadian obesitas pada remaja. Metode: Penelitian Ini menggunakan disain cross-sectional yang dilakukan di lima Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) di Bekasi, Indonesia. Sebanyak 225 siswa berusia 16-18 tahun diamati status gizi dan konsumsi makanan ringan mereka. Indeks massa tubuh menurut usia (IMT/U) digunakan untuk menentukan status obesitas remaja. Diklasiﬁ kasikan sebagai obesitas apabila nilai z score > 2SD sesuai dengan usia dan jenis kelamin mereka, menggunakan graﬁ k referensi WHO 2007. Siswa ditanya tentang konsumsi makanan mereka menggunakan kuesioner frekuensi makan (FFQ) semi kuantitatif. Odds ratio (OR) dihitung untuk setiap jenis makanan ringan dan nilai p<0,05 sebagai nilai signiﬁ kan secara statistik. Hasil: Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 32,4% siswa mengalami obesitas. Konsumsi makanan ringan lokal yang terkait dengan obesitas termasuk makanan berlemak (OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 0.68 - 7.01; p = 0.19), makanan manis (1OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 0.70 – 2.35)), dan makanan asin (OR, 1,04; 95% CI, 0,40 - 2,71; p = 0,92). Tiga makanan dan minuman lokal teratas yang dikonsumsi oleh para siswa adalah Cireng (makanan goreng lokal yang terbuat dari tepung), teh, dan pizza (masing-masing dengan frekuensi 0,561, 0,429, 0,245 /hari). Kesimpulan: Konsumsi makanan ringan lokal yang dijual di SMK di Kota Bekasi tidak memiliki hubungan yang signiﬁ kan terhadapt kejadian obesitas.KATA KUNCI: kebiasaan mengemil; obesitas pada remaja; konsumsi makanan ABSTRACT Background: Prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescents (13 – 15 years) significantly increased from 7.3% in 2013 to 13.5% in 2018. The availability of many fast-food restaurants, both local and commercial, nearby the school increases the number of young people exposed to unhealthy food, especially those living in urban areas. Objectives: This study examined the impact of local unhealthy snacks available in the school on adolescent obesity. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the ﬁ ve Secondary Vocational School in Bekasi, Indonesia. A total of 225 students aged 16-18 years were observed for their nutritional status and snack consumption. Body mass index for age indices was used to determine the obesity status of adolescents, classiﬁ ed as obese (>2SD) with respect to their age and sex using 2007 WHO reference charts. Students were asked about their food consumption using a semi-quantitative questionnaire. Odds ratios (ORs) was calculated for each type of snacks and p<0.05 was considered statistically signiﬁ cant. Results: Finding of this study shows that 32.4% of students were obese. The consumption of local snacks associated with obesity included fatty food (OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 0.68–7.01; p=0.19), sweet food (OR, 6.98; 95% CI, 3.00 – 16.25; p<0.001), and salty food (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.40 – 2.71; p=0.92). The top three of local foods and beverages consumed by the students were Cireng (a local fried food made from starch), tea, and pizza (with frequency/day 0.561, 0.429, 0.245, respectively). Conclusion: Local snacks on sale in the vocational schools in Bekasi City was not signiﬁ cant associated with obesity.KEYWORDS: snacking behavior; obesity in adolescence; food consumption

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Overweight and Obesity, Body Fat, Waist Circumference, and Anemia in Peruvian University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1155/2021/5049037 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Ruth B. Quiliche Castañeda ◽

Josué Turpo-Chaparro ◽

Jesús Hanco Torres ◽

Jacksaint Saintila ◽

Percy G. Ruiz Mamani

Keyword(s):

Waist Circumference ◽

University Students ◽

Body Fat ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

The Body ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Very High

The university represents a critical space for students in terms of prevalence of malnutrition. The objective of this study was to determine the body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (% BF), waist circumference (WC), and anemia in university students. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 2,285 university students from Lima, Peru. The sample was selected by nonprobability convenience sampling. Anthropometric data and hemoglobin levels were measured. The Chi-square test was used. The analysis of the associated factors was done using binary logistic regression. A significance level of 5% was considered. There were no significant differences between men and women in BMI ( p > 0.05 ). The men presented significantly high and very high levels of % BF ( p < 0.001 ). The proportion of women who presented anemia and high and very high WC was significantly higher compared to men ( p < 0.001 ). Being older than 27 years (ORB = 2.07; 95% CI = 1.19–3.6), being male (ORB = 2.68; 95% CI = 2.02–3.55), studying at the engineering faculty (ORB = 1.39; 95% CI = 1.09–1.79), having excess body fat (ORB = 8.17; 95% CI = 6.13–10.87), and having an elevated WC (ORB = 35.51; 95% CI = 25.06–50.33) significantly predicted overweight/obesity. The findings of this study suggest that college students, especially males and those who are not enrolled in health sciences colleges, should be a priority in healthy lifestyle interventions, particularly nutritional education programs, to reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity.

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