scholarly journals Multidimensional Models of Perfectionism and Procrastination: Seeking Determinants of Both

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5099
Author(s):  
Allison P. Sederlund ◽  
Lawrence R. Burns ◽  
William Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Temporal Orientation ◽  
Multidimensional Model ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Adaptive Perfectionism ◽  
Multidimensional Models

Background: Perfectionism is currently conceptualized using a multidimensional model, with extensive research establishing the presence of both maladaptive and adaptive forms. However, the potential adaptability of procrastination, largely considered as a maladaptive construct, and its possible developmental connection to perfectionism remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the individual differences of the multidimensional models of both perfectionism and procrastination, as well as investigating potential links between the two constructs. Methods: A convenience sample of 206 undergraduate students participated in this study. Participants completed a questionnaire consisting of 236 questions regarding the variables under investigation. Results: The adaptive model of procrastination yielded largely insignificant results and demonstrated limited links with adaptive perfectionism, while maladaptive procrastination was consistently associated with maladaptive perfectionism, lending further evidence of a unidimensional model of procrastination. Conclusions: Many previous findings regarding the multidimensional model of perfectionism were replicated, along with new contributions focusing on the dual-process model and temporal orientation.

scholarly journals The dual model of perfectionism and depression among Chinese University students

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yefei Wang ◽  
Bin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Dual Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Maladaptive Perfectionism ◽  
Adaptive Perfectionism ◽  
Chinese Undergraduates

The dual model of perfectionism was adopted to explore the influence of adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism on depression in college students. The results support the dual process model of perfectionism in Chinese undergraduates. A sample of 206 Chinese undergraduates completed measures of perfectionism, General Self-efficacy Measure, Beck Depression Inventory, State Anxiety Inventory, Positive and Negative Affect Scale (Time 1) and Beck Depression Inventory 4 months later (Time 2). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the three-factor model of perfectionism with dimensions of maladaptive perfectionism, adaptive perfectionism and order factor fit the date well. Partial correlations analyses revealed that maladaptive perfectionism was related to psychopathology, whereas adaptive perfectionism was more closely correlated with positive features of mental health. In cross-sectional analyses, the discrepancy which measures the perceived difference between the standards one has set for one’s own behaviour and actual performance and the socially prescribed perfectionism subscales of maladaptive perfectionism could significantly predict baseline depressive symptoms. However, after controlling for the initial scores of depression, none of the perfectionism subscales significantly predicted the change in depression across a 4-month lag. Distinguishing adaptive and maladaptive aspects of perfectionism may be beneficial to understanding the influence of perfectionism on depression.

Sexuality Content in the BSW Curriculum: A Pilot Study of Student Perceptions

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-102
Author(s):  
Clementine Laverman ◽  
David Skiba
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Student Perceptions ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Human Sexuality ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Study Participants

As attitudes about sexuality change, social workers may confront client issues and/or problems related to human sexuality. This article describes a pilot study of student perceptions of human sexuality curriculum content and their views regarding their sense of preparedness and anticipation in dealing with this area of practice. A convenience sample of undergraduate students (n=170) from BSW programs at public and private institutions in the northeastern United States completed a study- specific questionnaire. Preliminary findings suggest study participants were unable to identify sexuality content within their curriculum. Only 42% (n=71) perceived that they were adequately prepared to handle most sexuality issues, although many anticipate working with clients with sexuality issues in practice. Limitations of the study are addressed. Directions for future research are discussed that may contribute to a better understanding of the delivery of human sexuality content to BSW students.

Anti-child-abuse ads: believability and willingness-to-act

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Hyman ◽  
Haseeb Shabbir ◽  
Simos Chari ◽  
Aikaterini Oikonomou
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Dual Process Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Full Stop

Purpose – Given their expense, the psycho-dynamic they induce among many viewers, and the lack of empirical evidence for their efficacy, studies to assess anti-child-abuse ad campaigns are warranted. As a preliminary foray into this research domain, this study explores a dual-process model for a single ad from the NSPCC's FULL STOP campaign. Specifically, it examines whether ad believability relates more strongly to an emotional or a cognitive response and which type of response is the strongest mediator on “willingness to act against child abuse”. Design/methodology/approach – A convenience sample of 242 students enrolled in postgraduate business and management studies at a large university in the UK responded to a structured questionnaire posted online. Findings – Except for H3, the hypothesised relationships are significant and in the expected direction. Specifically, ad believability relates negatively related to self-esteem (H1), self-esteem relates positively to “willingness to act against child abuse” (H2), and belief in child sexual abuse (CSA) myths relates negatively to “willingness to act against child abuse” (H4). However, ad believability does not relate negatively to belief in CSA myths (H3). Research limitations/implications – Findings based on student samples should be interpreted cautiously. For example, representations of child abuse across subpopulations should not be ignored, as findings by culture, ethnicity, or gender may differ. Only one ad was tested; responses to other ads may differ. Controls to boost internal validity, such as using a second group unexposed to the test ad, were not implemented. Although a mediation effect between self-esteem and CSA myths was not observed, a larger or alternative sample might reveal this effect. Originality/value – A dual-process model of viewers' responses to anti-child-abuse ads, which assumes viewers consider the information embedded in these ads and their emotional responses to these ads, should outperform a purely cognitive or emotive model. Here, a simple model with emotional and cognitive factors as antecedents of “willingness to act against child abuse” is tested. Although a more comprehensive model might explain additional variation, the goal was to develop and test a preliminary model that could disconfirm a dual cognitive-emotive process. Furthermore, testing the effect of FULL STOP ads on viewers' self-esteem is an important first step to assessing the efficacy and ethicality of these ads.

Psychopathy and risk taking: Self-report and behavioral correlates

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D Benning
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Behavioral Correlates ◽  
Two Factors

Psychopathy is a distinctive personality style that is associated with a tendency to act recklessly, impulsively, and engage in sensation seeking behaviors. These associations suggest that psychopathy may be related to risk taking; however, the relationship between these variables has yet to be fully explored. To investigate this relationship, we utilized the dual-process model of psychopathy’s fearless dominance (FD) and impulsive antisociality (IA) factors and the Triarchic model’s boldness, meanness, and disinhibition domains. A sample of 508 undergraduate students completed a series of self-report questionnaires and underwent the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART). Analyses revealed that individuals high on all psychopathy factors displayed a tendency to view risky situations as less risky and self-reported engaging in a number of risky behaviors. The tendency of individuals high in psychopathic traits to view situations as less risky indirectly affected their likelihood to self-report engaging in risky behaviors. Notably, only FD was significantly associated with behavioral risk taking on the BART. Further correlational analyses revealed that IA, meanness, and disinhibition were all associated with greater self-reported externalizing behaviors, sensation seeking, and impulsivity. On the other hand, FD and boldness were only associated with self-reported adult antisocial behavior, alcohol use, sensation seeking, and low levels of impulsivity. Our pattern of results showed nearly identical relationships for FD and boldness, suggesting that these two factors may be capturing the same aspects of psychopathy.

Relationship between Trait Anxiety and Leisure Time Activities: A Comparison of the Unidimensional and Multidimensional Models of Anxiety

1982 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romeo Vitelli ◽  
Giora Ron Frisch
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Multidimensional Model ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Physical Danger ◽  
Multidimensional Models

97 undergraduate students were given the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the S-R Inventory of General Trait Anxiousness, and a leisure activity inventory to test the hypothesis that the multidimensional model of anxiety could account for the variance in reported leisure activity more adequately than did the unidimensional model. Analysis showed a significant variation in over-all leisure activity which correlated significantly with scores on the S-R Inventory measure of physical danger anxiety for both the 42 male and 55 female subjects. The findings which indicate support for the multidimensional model of anxiety are discussed and implications for future research noted.

scholarly journals How is analytical thinking related to religious belief? A test of three theoretical models

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Baimel ◽  
Cindel White ◽  
Ara Norenzayan
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Belief In God ◽  
Analytical Thinking ◽  
Rationality Model

A growing literature has documented a negative association between analytical thinking style and belief in God. However, the replicability, magnitude, and theoretical importance of this correlation has recently been debated. Moreover, the existing literature has not examined distinct psychological accounts of this relationship. In Study 1, we (1) tested the replicability of the correlation and assessed its magnitude in a large sample (N = 5284; comprising of undergraduate students at a Canadian university, and broader samples of Canadians, Americans and Indians); and (2) tested three distinct theoretical accounts of how cognitive style might come to be related to a diverse set of religious beliefs including belief in God, in karma, and in witchcraft. The first, the dual process model, posits that analytical thinking is inversely related to belief in God and in other supernatural entities. The second, the expressive rationality model, posits that analytical thinking is specifically recruited in supporting already-held beliefs in an identity-protective manner. And the third, the counter-normativity rationality model, posits that analytical thinking is recruited to question beliefs supported by prevailing cultural norms. We tested specific predictions derived from these models regarding the association between analytic thinking and religious beliefs in a Bayesian framework. In Study 2, we tested the replicability of our results in a re-analysis of previously-published data. We conclude that whereas the counter-normativity rationality model was contradicted by the data, both the dual process and expressive rationality models received limited empirical support.

Implicit Political Attitudes

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Cassino ◽  
Milton Lodge ◽  
Charles S. Taber
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Sensory Input ◽  
Implicit Attitudes ◽  
Political Attitudes ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Unconscious Processes ◽  
Political Beliefs ◽  
Research Paradigms ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Mind

This chapter reviews recent work on implicit political attitudes, detailing how, when, and why unconscious processes impact the explicit expression of political beliefs, attitudes, and preferences. The authors begin by discussing thresholds of awareness, defining implicit attitudes and how the circumstances under which they reach conscious awareness. The ubiquity of unconscious effects in everyday life is considered, and two research paradigms for measuring implicit attitudes are discussed. The resulting dual-process model, in which influences can be either conscious or subconscious, allows us to understand how sensory input works its way through the mind to influence attitudes and behaviors in ways that are rarely evident to the individual. These influences often include factors that the individual would never consider as being important, but nevertheless hold enormous power over effortful decision-making.

scholarly journals Revisiting The Good And Bad Sides Of Organizational Politics

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kola Sonaike
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Interview Format ◽  
Political Behaviors ◽  
Study Participants

This qualitative exploratory study re-examined the common types of political behaviors that typical organization members are prone to engage in and the results expected from such behaviors. The study utilized a purposive and convenience sample of 30 manager-level senior undergraduate students in a University that targets professional career-focused individuals. The study participants were asked eight questions in a semi-structured interview format. The main research question was What types of political behaviors have you experienced in an organization that you have worked for? Further, study participants were asked which of the behaviors, in their estimation could be termed as good or bad and why they categorized them as such. The data obtained from the study were analyzed for patterns and themes using the NVivo 8 computer software. Results showed that, in general, organization members view in positive light political behaviors that are used professionally and that thus foster co-operation among organizational members. On the other hand, organization members view in negative light political behaviors that are perceived as self-serving and destructive to co-operation and team spirit among the various units within the organization. There was a small group, however, that seem to believe that at times, the meanings read to some behaviors by organizational members may be wrong as some of these behaviors may not necessarily have political undertones.

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